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1. How much air pollution is there? Where did it come from?
There was enough air pollution before even the industrial revolution that it was nicknamed heavy heaven and the infamous air. It came from dust, tannery, foundries, sewage wood smoke, and animal manure.

2. How much water pollution was there? Where did it come from?
There was a lot of water pollution in certain parts of the world like Rome and Greece. The very religious countries were strict on clean water while countries like Greece were not.

3. How did humans get most of the energy they need to survive?
The Romans used wood energy, but when that was not going well and they were running out of resources, they switched to solar energy.

4. Was conservation practiced anywhere in the world?
Not around the whole world, but in countries like China, they used it for soil conservation so it would not erode.

5.  Why was lead poisoning the problem?
Rich Romans would use lead sweetened wine and grape pulp to sweeten foods with "sugar of lead"

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6. How much water pollution was there?
Water pollution was not as much of a problem before. When it did become a problem, there was a water supply from the same river and it emptied the sewage town above.
7. How much wood was being harvested?
Countries like France, were strict on forest codes for controlling wood production for the Navy. Japan created a proclaimation urging people to plant tree seeds.
8. What effects was this having?
In Europe, there was rapid industrialization, which led to heavy deforestation that led to people switching from wood to coal as an alternative resource.
9. In what ways was disease affecting the world?
Many people were getting sick, like workmen were called careless and were to blame for diseases . It was a major public health problem because it would easily spread (simple contact, indirect contact, etc.)

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9. What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world?
People started to use science and reasoning to improve the world, including the printing press, compass, gunpowder, and tried to fight water pollution with these innovations.
10. What did Thomas Malthus predict?
Food and resources will run out as populations explode.
11. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.
Waste disposal issues and water pollution increased, gas created pools of toxic coal tar in towns.
12. Why did sanitation become so important?
Sanitation became important because the typhus epidemic and scurvy started to spread rapidly, and people wanted to prevent the widespread diseases.
13. How was the air pollution at this time?
There was a lot of smoke in the air from smithies and blacksmith shops in Pittsburgh, which affected people greatly.
14. How was the water pollution at this time?
Benjamin Franklin and the Philadelphia committee attempted to regulate water pollution because the bad water was linked to disease, he wanted to build a fresh water pipeline to Philadelphia to improve general health.
15. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down?
It was cut down for display in carnival sideshows, and was called vandalism by Horace Greely. A bill was introduced to protect Yosemite Valley by Senator Conness and the Mother of the Forest was cited so that the bill would protect the trees.

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16. What types of reforms were occurring?
Many reforms such as reform of working conditions, slum housing, food adulteration, sanitation, drinking water, polluting industries, hunting laws and mining practices occurred during the Progressive Era.
17. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?
Theodore Roosevelt advocated for people to be mindful and take resources wisely and in moderation, keeping in mind of the future.
18. What new organizations were formed?
Some examples of new organizations that were formed include the National Bird Reserve, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Hong Kong SPCA, National Audubon Society, Bureau of Forestry, USDA Animal Health and Plant Health Inspection Service, Smoke Prevention Association of America, Bureau of Mines, and Bureau of the Public Health Service.

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19. What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?
The National Coast Anti-Pollution League served to stop oil dumping near Sandy Hook, New Jersey.
20. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?
The first autos used leaded gasoline.
21. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?
It was fighting for the industrial use of renewable agricultural resources.

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22. What lead people to believe there was a air pollution crisis?
St. Louis adopted its first smoke control ordinance in the U.S. Also, the Donora Pennsylvania air pollution disaster where oxygen was depleted at alarming levels became one of the first nationally publicized environmental disasters and brought awareness to air pollution.

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23. What was the “burning river?”
Cuyahoga River in Ohio burst into flames from oil and chemical pollution, fueling support for the Clean Water Act.
24. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?
Silent Spring (1962)

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25.  What government agency is founded?

The government agency founded is the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The founder is President Richard Nixon.
26. How was air pollution reduced?

The Clean Air Act was signed into law giving the automobile industry a six-year deadline to create a 90% pollution-free engine. It led to the establishment of the nation’s air quality standards.
27. How was water pollution reduced?

There were new standards to prevent oil from entering navigable waters. Guidelines were also added to limit such things like produced water, sanitary waste, and drilling fluids.
28. What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?
Leaded gasoline was said to be the greatest source of atmospheric pollution by The National Academy of Sciences. Plastic materials were also being dumped into the ocean, but a law passed forbidding doing so.

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29. What major disasters occurred during this time?
The Bhopal disaster, Rio Negro Massacres, the Chernobyl nuclear reactor exploded, carbon dioxide gas boiled out of Lake Nyos.
30. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?
There was an ozone hole discovered over Antarctica in 1985 and the ozone layer was reported to be eroding faster than predicted by NASA. Leaded gasoline was also the greatest source of atmospheric lead pollution reported by the National Academy of Sciences after all the oil, gasoline, and chemical spills.

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31. How did the Gulf Wars create pollution?
There was a huge fire that did not get stopped until November of 1991.

32. What does China construct that made a lot of controversies?
They made the Three Gorge Dam.

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33. What final act did President Clinton sign to the law?
He protected 58 million acres of national forest.

34. How did the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate changing?
He wanted to change coal mining and make more nuclear power plants

35. How did the world react to leaded gasoline?
The European Union decided to ban leaded gasoline