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Gestalt is German for pattern or form. They believed "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts," and that perception is a unified whole, not bits of sensory pieces. The three key founders were Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka, and Max Wertheimer. Their theory focuses on consciousness and objects from a direct experience.

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Skinner expands on Watson's theory of behaviorism by saying that rewards, punishments, and reinforcements shape the behavior of a person. He was considered to be the pioneer of behaviorism. He published "Verbal Behavior" in 1957 which analyzed human behavior through language, linguistics, and speech. It was mostly all theory, with a little bit of experimental research to back it up.

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Humanistic psychology was founded by Maslow and Rogers in the 40's and 50's. This rejected Freud's behaviorism theory because they believed it was too harsh and less emotional feeling towards the subject. They believed basic needs should be met in the moment on a much more humanistic level (genuine feeling towards the person's emotional state). Their core beliefs were that people have free will and are basically good, people yearn to make themselves and the world around them better, and the past was the past (focus on the present).

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He claimed that psychology is the science of human behavior and should be studied in lab-like conditions. He published his first major writing in 1914 titled "Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology." He wanted to use animals as his test subjects to study instinct as a series of reflexes in an animal passed down hereditarily. He believed that you cannot study someone's mental process, so you should instead study things that could be observed.

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He studied structuralism, which was founded by Wundt. His focus was classifying what happens in the mind when preforming an action. A major tool he used was introspection. The downsides to this was the results vary from person to person and people do not know why they feel a certain way. Titchener's thoughts expanded on Wundt's theory of structuralism.

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He was a physician from Vienna, Austria who founded the school of psychoanalysis. Many of his ideas have been proved wrong, but in his time he made ground-breaking discoveries. He believed people were driven by a force called your unconscious mind and childhood experiences also played a factor. He said the clues came from people's dreams, putting them under hypnosis, and slips of tongue. He thought your childhood contributed to your current state of mind.

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A Harvard professor who focused on how behavior and thoughts help people adapt to demands of daily life. He was influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, James believed life evolved by adapting to the environment and its demands. He applied this idea to help found the school of functionalism, which taught that the ways of thinking that help someone adapt and survive explain a lot about behaviors. His book, "The Principles of Psychology," was considered to be the first psychology textbook.

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He was known as "The Father of Psychology". A method called introspection was used by Wundt. Introspection is the careful self-examination or reporting of one's thoughts, feelings, and sensations. His school of psychology was called structuralism. Structuralism was made to study people who were all exposed to the same sensation. The subjects had to report their reactions to it, the results were used to determine if there was a pattern or structure with the reactions. This method was unsuccessful.

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Hall was the first American to work in Wundt's lab and was the founder/long-term president of American Psychological Association (APA). The APA determines regulations for psychological practice, ethics, and research by accredited psychologists in the US. He focused more on helping the younger population.