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The Making of the Philippine Flag by Fernando Amorsolo

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The Making of the Philippine Flag by Fernando Amorsolo

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(Manuel P. Sargento Jr.)

This painting is a masterpiece created by one of the most important artists we had in the history of paintings in the Philippines. That artist is none other than Fernando Amorsolo.

The painting shows three women who were tasked by General Emilio Aguinaldo to sew the first flag for the new republic. These wonderful women namely Marcella Marino de Agoncillo, Lorenza and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, are wearing older styled, vintage clothes and all three of them are sewing passionately which demonstrates elegance. The main colors that were used were brown, red, blue and yellow, which created a mood and visual effect that made the painting calm and serene.

Amorsolo balanced his characters and the background in his painting which makes it more balanced. The factors that made the painting a realistic scene are the rough texture in some parts of the painting like the dresses as well as in the backgrounds, and the usage of different color values for the dresses, also to differentiate it from the background.

source:
https://andreifrans.wordpress.com/2017/10/16/a-critique-paper-on-the-artwork-the-making-of-philippine-flag-by-fernando-amorsolo/

https://filipiknow.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/The-Making-of-the-Philippine-Flag.jpg

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It is a carved wooden made figure that is used to guard the rice crops by the Ifugao
poeople of northern Luzon Island in the Philippines (Hapao region to be specific) dated back in the
19th century or earlier. It is representing a rice deity or God (it is called "bul-ul").
It is an outstanding and highly important expression of the foremost tradition of anthropomorphic sculpture in the northern
Philippines. Sculpted with exceptional elegance and sensitivity for its genre, it is among the finest expressions of its type.

source: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/626371

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(name of student # 1)
This artifact justifies the belief of our ancestors about afterlife.
A Manunggul Jar is a type of burial jar made by the early Filipinos during the late Neolithic Period, about 890-710 B.C.
This artifact was found in the early 1960’s in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan by Dr. Robert B. Fox and Miguel Antonio in 1962. This is considered as one of the most important national treasure in the Philippines.
(source: national museum)

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(name of student # 2)
On top of the jar cover or lid, there's a figurine that shows two human figures sailing using a small boat. This is aligned with the beliefs of early Filipinos that a who have died, his/her soul will travel or sail away. This is the concept of afterlife by the early Filipino settlers.
(source: national museum)

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- Dave Santos
- Source : https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/First.html
- Artform : Painting
This painting was commissioned by the national government and was created by Carlos "Botong" Francisco. The painting shows Fr. Pedro Valderrama leading a mass in an impromptu altar.  Other notable people in the painting are Ferdinand Magellan, Pigafetta,   Spanish soldiers, and the natives.  This was created to show respect to the 400 years of Philippine Christianization which was held in Cebu in 1965.

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(Audrey Maynigo)
This painting is made by a famous artist during american period which is Fernando Amorsolo.

Fernando Amorsolo’s paintings were exploding with bright colors, which seizes the Philippine landscapes. Amorsolo’s work bathe in the sunlight of the Philippines and he is one of the few artists who captured the alluring and striking colors of the Philippines spectacular sunlight.

source: https://www.slideshare.net/RonNelAlmencion/the-philippine-arts-during-american-colonization#:~:text=Portraits%20were%20still%20favored%20by,%3A%20paintings%2C%20sculptures%20and%20architectures.&text=He%20was%20noted%20for%20his,and%20landscapes%20in%20subdued%20colors.

photo from mutualart.com

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(Alyana Garcia)
In the church in Paete, Laguna are two works by Josef Luciano Dans (1805- ca. 1870) one of his work is Purgatorio. It belongs to 200 year old paintings. The 2nd painting was on wood and installed over the mural.
https://www.geringerart.com/region/philippines/

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Allen Aecy C. Sto. Domingo

This artwork shows seven figures playing musical instruments and serenading the audience through fireworks (Fiesta time). Arturo Luz is the one created captured in glass one of the highlights of the Philippines tradition which is the Harana in Manila.

Source: https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Harana.html

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Doronila, Margaurette

The Angono Petroglyph is a recent archeological breakthrough of the 80's that Carlo "Botong" Francisco discovered in the Angono and Binangonan mountainside. It is a stylised anthropomorphic and zoomorphic shapes etched on the wall of the rock.

The petroglyph cave is located near Laguna, Binangonan, and Angono, Rizal — towns and cities known to be artistic havens and wood carvings. The petroglyph was supported by the World Monument Watch Fund and the Department of Tourism for the conservation and site development. Some of the artwork could even be descendants of the original cavemen who made these towns excell in the art field

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Geoffel Pagar
Source:
https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/japanese-occupation-brenda-fajardo/9wEqLrPagERO1g?hl=en

In year 1989, this painting was created by Brenda Fajardo during Japanese Occupation. She was known for seminal tarot cards series in late 1980s, which foretell the future and were used as a tool to examine the history of the Philippines.

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Lance Jasper N. Fernandez
In Diosdado Lorenzo's painting shows women getting raped and men getting massacred. In 3 february 1945 to 3 march 1945 the japanes imperial army killed an estimate 100,000 in a span of 1 month.

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Lim, Maxine Alexandra

This painting exhibits an important event that happened in the Philippine's history that should be remembered up to today. It is the planting of the cross in Cebu in 1521 with Ferdinand Magellan. It signals the start of Christianity and Catholicism in our country. The painting is an oil on canvas type of art. Vicente Manansala was the artist behind this significant painting that was made in 1965.

(source: national museum)
https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Planting.html

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Cordero, Megan Karylle

Magellan is the one who planted this cross, it is to signify the important event about the propagation of the Roman Catholic faith. This cross can still be found in a special kiosk in Cebu City.

source: manila-photos.blogspot.com

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-Kyle Zabala
The artist, Amorsolo, created this artwork to show of the true value of Filipinos. They are hard-working yet happy of what they are doing. It was to also make the world aware about the true Filipina beauty. Overall, this painting was intended to show Filipino’s characteristic glow. This can be proven by looking at the characters in the painting. Not only that, taking a look back at the events proves it’s true meaning.
(source: book appetite)

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Jonnel Sadian
This picture is a National Musuem collection by Fabian Dela Rosa that shows women working in a rice field. The painting was made during 1902.
source: http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/30/master-of-genre-fabian-cueto-de-la-rosa-1869-1937-

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(Deighro De Ocampo)
This painting named "Spolarium" is made by Juan Luna. the painting focuses on a gladiator arena, in the left poeple are eager to loot the dead gladiators meanwhile on the right a woman is seen sobbing for the death of her loved one. From those we can assume that this is what happens after gladiators fight in the arena. Juan Luna might made this to help us visualize what kind of entertainment happens in the old days.

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(Roque Andrea)
Ling-Ling-o is a double-headed pendant that were mostly made of nephrite jade sourced from Taiwan. Yet later works are now made of shells, gold, copper, and wood. The type of material used to make Ling-Ling-o is based on social standing of the person who wears the jewelry.

sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingling-o
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingling-o#/media/File:Lingling-o-X3.jpg

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#2 Rianna Mae Santiago
Engraved on the Magdangal statue's plaque contains the words from former  Dean of the college and a National Artist for Literature, Virgilio Almario's poem:
"MAGDANGAL"
Magbangon ka, aking Mutya,
Mula dagat ang dalita;
Pairalin mo sa lupa
Ang tarong, ragsak, at laya.

According to Virgilio Almario, better known by his pen name Rio Alma, the word "Mutya" is the native name for a precious pearl. The 4th line of the poem's last three words are from the three different dialects in the Philippines. "Tarong" is the Bisaya word for "straight", "ragsak" is the Ilocano for joy, and lastly, the word "laya" is a tagalog root-word for "kalayaan.

source:
https://artinup.wordpress.com/public-art-in-up/#:~:text=This%20woman's%20name%20is%20Magdangal,Abueva.

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(Mata Mark)
It Symbolize courage, And the balance of male and female energy, and it is used as good luck or fertility charm. And it is known for the form of a ring with a slit in one side to fit the pierced earlobe
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/367465650833356187/?autologin=true&fbclid=IwAR1Df1hjBK8iY068Bj8CvvuV0gCsjBjgm-oFyfatkoaKWaxMF_fOLw9BjFo

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Juan Miguel B. Molina

The artist of this painting is Fernando Amorsolo back at 1951.

(source: kahimyang.com)

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(Christine Tianchon)

This artwork is made by Fernando Amorsolo during the american period.  He called it as the "ever- smilling dalagang bukid". This painting aims to show the ideal beauty of Philippines' scenery and  to also show the life in rural places in the Philippines. This also  interprets the reflection of the culture of our indigenous people.

Source:
https://www.slideshare.net/RonNelAlmencion/the-philippine-arts-during-american-colonization

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(Harold Mendoza)
Paete Mural also known as Langit, lupa impyerno was made by Jose Dans (1805-1870). The color that he used was mixed with powedered volcanic ash and brushes from cat’s fur

Source:https://www.google.com/amp/s/365greatpinoystuff.wordpress.com/2010/07/13/194-paete-murals/amp/

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(Tribiana, Fatima Jhudiel A.)

Name: Magdangal by Napoleon V. Abueva (Father of Modern Sculptures)
Art form: Sculpture

Located at UP Diliman’s College of Arts and Letters ground. This bronze sculpture of a naked woman, represents the artistic embodiment of the arts—that of a Muse.

A plaque below the Magdangal Statue contains the words from Almario’s poem:

Magbangon ka, aking Mutya,

Mula dagat ng dalita;

Pairalin mo sa lupa

Ang tarong ragsak, at laya.

source:https://abysse-plongee.fr/forum/fab306-magdangal-by-napoleon-abueva
https://irarenas.wordpress.com/tag/magdangal/#:~:text=Entry%20075,this%20(diacritics%20are%20mine)%3A

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Rahmon Khayle U. Del Mundo

Tarot cards which is use to foretell the future. It was used to tell the history of the Philippines. The cards surrounding the central theme or the painting in the middle those are the Tarot cards. The drawings that are in the tarot cards represents what happened during the Japanese Occupation.
source: https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/japanese-occupation-brenda-fajardo/9wEqLrPagERO1g?hl=en

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The bul-ul figure sits or stands on a square platform that has a hourglass shape. it has an enlarged smooth head with the complete facial features. the lips are open to represent its mouth. bul-ul is a clear representation of a human being

source:
https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/626371?fbclid=IwAR3Yn9S6dkUbmidSv24pPR3wCOlsMhDsiw9Qd_ZRAVqHhMtloZwdd9RZMCE

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(Jesse Rae Jancurda)

Harana was originated from the Spanish Era here in the Philippines. This is a music art form influence by the Filipinos during Spanish Colonization period. Its influence comes from folk Music of Spain and the mariachi sounds of Mexico. This is how men court the women during this era. Harana is most common practice for suitors to woo their sweetheart through romantic song. A man wishing to court the woman he loved would arrange for a group of friends to help him serenade her with guitar and singing.

A man along with his friends will visit a woman he love and sing a love song or serenade to make her fall in love with him.

source: https://floranteaguilar.com/artofharana/#:~:text=Harana%20is%20a%20traditional%20form,a%20specific%20style%20of%20music.

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( John Maverick B. Robias)

The main instrument used for harana is the guitar, played by the courter, although other string instrument such as the Ukulele and less frequently, the violin and trumpets are also used. The word harana has derived from the Spanish string instrument of the same name. It resembles a guitar, but is smaller in nature.

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harana_(serenade)

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( Moises Patrick Basconcillo)
This Purgatorio is a painting shows the eight forms of punishment that the soul passes through for cleansing before it reaches Heaven. this is also the state of temporary suffering or misery.
sources: https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/visual-arts/the-spanish-colonial-tradition-in-philippine-visual-arts/?fbclid=IwAR2wuYLDVqTbBB05jWW770bDk2XcGr2R5_gD487DultJ9NM3YHFQnj3jI_4#:~:text=When%20the%20Spaniards%20arrived%20in,Catholic%20faith%20through%20beautiful%20images.&text=They%20replaced%20the%20arts%20that,new%20patron%20of%20the%20arts

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Art Form: Painting
Luis Ken A. Noveno

The interpretation for this painting is that no matter what nationality, religion, beliefs, races, and etc. As long as we or that person attend mass, that person is accepted. Also the purpose of this painting is that to let the viewers of the painting that there is no requirement when attending the mass, if you are willing to attend, then attend it. Also this painting is very expressive that could also tell different meanings aside to what I mentioned, it could be about praising, believing and etc.

Source: https://www.google.com/amp/s/dyosangkagandahansite.wordpress.com/2016/11/03/a-critique-on-the-painting-the-first-mass-at-limasawa-by-carlos-v-francisco/amp/

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Rena Fabul
resembling the movements of a bird in flight, the graceful movements of the dancer's arms and the hands synchronized with the wind. Also called as the "Fingernail dance"
Originated by the Tausug community.
Usually performed during weddings and festive events.
When both male and females dance the Pangalay it's called "Pangiluk"
The original concept was based on pre- Islamic and Buddhist  celestial angels.

https://quizlet.com/217188513/cpa-lesson-2-pre-colonial-arts-flash-cards/
https://danceask.com/pangalay-philippines/

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(Darryl Madarang)
This painting made by Dominador Casteñeda depicts the Bataan Death March. It shows the Filipino soldiers being tormented as they were forced to do a 65 mile march between prison camps. This painting was made out of oil on canvas during 1948.

source : https://medium.com/@alvinneasejo/individual-activity-4-national-museum-of-the-philippines-21ea19a16367#:~:text=3.-,Death%20March%20by%20Dominador%20Casta%C3%B1eda%20(oil%20on%20canvas)%20%E2%80%94%201948,Filipino%20prisoners%20via%20foot%20march.

Credits : http://museyo.blogspot.com/2011/11/titledeath-march-artistdominador.html

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(Josh Satur)
This painting is “Death March” by Mr. Dominador, wherein it also shows how Filipino comrades were tortured throughout the whole condition of Death March.
It was the passage of Filipino prisoners via foot march. With just a simple stare, we can see how others still strive and manage to continue and endure hunger, dehydration, exhaustion, injuries, and all kinds of sufferings. But there were also hundreds to thousands who couldn’t make it, which was truly upsetting to our part as Filipinos. The message here is that Death March was no easy fight, so we should always honor our brave fellowmen who were involved in the said tragedy.

Source:
https://medium.com/@alvinneasejo/individual-activity-4-national-museum-of-the-philippines-21ea19a16367

http://museyo.blogspot.com/2011/11/titledeath-march-artistdominador.html

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Marinella Anne B. Dela Cruz
This monument represents the memory of the Filipinas who became victims of abuse during Japanese Occupation(1942-1945). This can be found in the beachfront of Manila Bay. It also may perhaps be the first monument that was made for the Comfort of Women in our History.
source:
https://indiohistorian.tumblr.com/post/171654045506/a-monument-to-the-forgotten-filipina-when-you
image source:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/philippines-sex-slave-statue-japan-remove-world-war-two-a8327876.html

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One of Castaneda's finest works of all time during Japanese Occupation Period

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One of Castaneda's finest works of all time during Japanese Occupation Period

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(Denielle Lompero)
What's visible to his artwork seems to show the cruelty of a man that they experienced during the invasion. How both arms of the other man grasp the hair of a corpse portrays inhumanity and brutality encountered by the whole Philippines alongside the incompetency and powerless depiction of every Filipino people.   Basing on my own opinion, since Philippine history included that not all Filipino are victims of the barbarism Japanese people brought, but also Filipino people with same blood and same flag did the same. Studying the slanted angle of head of the 'cruel man' also represented traitors of the land. Slanted head represents being powerless, credulous, gullibility, easily deceived people.  The strokes of Castaneda's genius drawing created a thinking that with every little details, little things the Japanese occupation caused, and his ability to sketch what he feels about his country experiencing the brutality of the Japanese people and to cause an epiphany to other Filipinos, are all in one way. All in details, comprehensively sketched, definite. He let it be colorless and plain as a manifestation of lack of vividness, lack of life in the motherland. No justice. No rights. No freedom. Castaneda's works are indeed consequential and wonderful. But this one has left the legacy more, when Japanese occupation  period took place.

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(by Julian Manalang)

The Japanese occupied our country during 1942-1945. The Japanese occupation was notorious for being cruel, and a lot of war crimes have been commited upon the Filipino people. Due to this, artistic activities were very limited. However, some artists are brave enough to make art during this time period, most of their works depict the cruelty of war. One of those said artists is Dominador Castaneda.
As a child, his father gave him some french books about drawing and art. He was very excited about this. However, his father doesn't want him to be a full-time father. His father thinks that art is just a minor hobby that shouldn't be taken as a main career. His father tried to distract him from painting by giving him some hunting toys so that he can roam the field and hunt. That didn't work, because instead of hunting, Castaneda got amazed by the scenery of the fields.
Eventually, his father took him to school of fine arts. Young castaneda saw the art students, and it filled him with joy. He promised that one day he will be one of them, and so he did. Eventually, he graduated from school of fine arts with various medals. He is proof that doing what you love will lead you to great things in life.

This is one of Castaneda's works. Unfortunately, I was unable to find its title. This painting depicts a tortured man, tied to the ground, helpless and in despair. Based on my interpretation, this painting depicts the agony of war. As mentioned earlier, the Japanese were very cruel. They did not show any mercy to any country they occupied during World War 2. They've made a lot of atrocious war crimes, very inhumane acts. His painting is an eye opener to the cruelty of war. A reminder that at one point in history, we humans didn't act like humans, instead we acted like savages. A reminder that this dark period of our history should NEVER happen again.

Sources:

http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/189/dominador-casta-ntilde-eda

https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Fine%20Art.html

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The Making of the Philippine Flag by Fernando Amorsolo

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The Making of the Philippine Flag by Fernando Amorsolo

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(Heidi Elisha B. Verde)
It is said that this painting made by Fernando Amorsolo, is to show the Filipino citizens about how the Philippine Flag is made and to remind them the Filipino culture, traditions and customs are slowly fading away by the influence of colonizers. And so, this tells that Filipinos to take care and treat the Philippine Flag with respect, love and importance.

The Philippine Flag contains a white triangle that stands for equality and fraternity;  the blue field for peace, truth and justice;  and the red field for patriotism and valor. While the three stars symbolize the major islands of the Philippines, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

This flag represents the freedom from the hands of the colonizers, which the Filipino's ancestors fought hard to gain back their land and rights. Therefore, Filipinos must not be ashamed of their country, flag and people, and be proud of what their ancestors have done.

And in this painting, it also shows Ferdinand Amorsolo that he is a nationalistic person. And even in his other paintings portray the different traditions, cultures and customs of Filipino.

Sources:
Content: https://andreifrans.wordpress.com/2017/10/16/a-critique-paper-on-the-artwork-the-making-of-philippine-flag-by-fernando-amorsolo/
Image:
https://filipiknow.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/The-Making-of-the-Philippine-Flag.jpg

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Raquela Marie Grace L. Donor

Pangalay Dance is commonly referred to as the fingernail dance. It is characterized by the graceful movement of the dancer's arms and hands flowing in the gentle blowing of the wind. There are two alternate versions of this dance, first version is performed by the males which called pangasik and the other one pangiluk and it performed by male and female. Pangalay dancers dances on the music played by local instrumentalists.

https://danceask.com/pangalay-philippines/

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(Raymund Abion)
This statue is a veiled filipino woman and gripping the hem of her veil in fear and with her eyes blind folded. The statue beautifully and hauntingly made, stands on a black marble where a historical marker of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines is installed.
source: https://indiohistorian.tumblr.com/post/171654045506/a-monument-to-the-forgotten-filipina-when-you

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Gutierrez, Miguel Renzo W.

The Angono Petroglyphs is located in a shallow rock shelter. It measures 63 meters wide, 8 meters deep and a maximum height of 5 meters. It has been created due to faulting and formed in volcanic soil during the Quaternary period. There are 127 drawings in the form of animate and static figures of circular or dome-like head on top of a 'V' shaped torso distributed on a horizontal plane on the rock wall area measuring 25 meters by 3 meters. Only 51 of the total 127 drawings are distinct. Due to the complexity and plurality of the drawings, it is suggested that the drawings on the rock were not only created by a single individual. It is widely believed that the figures drawn on the walls are for healing purposes as the site is a dambana. Researchers have argued that the figures were medicinal and religious in function as they were made by ancestors to transfer the sickness of a child onto the limestone wall, thus, curing the child from ailments.

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angono_Petroglyphs

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Antoine Francesco C. Angeles

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Ashana Morales

The Spolarium is one of the most famous painting made by the Filipino painter Juan Luna. The painting is all about how the Filipinos were treated before they were colonized by the Spaniards. "Spolarium" is a Latin word which refers to the basement of the Roman Colosseum wherein the dying gladiators and the dead are put. Eight (8) months were spent in doing this painting. In the year 1884, Juan Luna then submitted this painting to the Exposicion Nacional de Belles Artes in Madrid. He accumulated a gold metal. The painting was sold to the Diputacion Provincial de Barcelona with a price of 20,000 pesetas. The painting is now in National Museum of the Philippines. (main gallery, ground floor)

Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=spoliarium+painting&sxsrf=ALeKk028e7VUoy8KoOovWiUYqeiNsDT67g:1599460586700&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi40uiAt9brAhWuyosBHZpUB1QQ_AUoAXoECCAQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=ubulcsNEIpb8GM

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( Henry Aldrin Albos )
This is a mural that is made by Jose Dans located in St. James the Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna. It portrays the patriarchal past that the Spaniard have influenced and taught to us. In this mural it shows that Spaniards view Filipino women as an evil beings and a threat to the system.
Source: https://medium.com/@KateLoreno/filipino-living-tradition-women-before-and-after-colonization-4c6c590c29fb