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Alfonso XIII of Spain, called "the African" was king of Spain from his birth until the proclamation of the second Spanish Republic on April 14, 1931. He assumed effective power at the age of sixteen, on May 17, 1902.

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Alfonso XIII was born on May 17, 1886 in Madrid, Spain.

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Alfonso XIII was recognized as king the same day he was born, being a unique case in history, due to the death of his father since he died when his wife María Cristina de Habsburgo was pregnant with Alfoso XIII and his mother exerted the regency during his minority, between 1885 and 1902.
The Reign of Alfonso XIII began "officially" in 1902.

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The First World War, previously called the Great War, was a war-centered confrontation in Europe that began on July 28, 1914 and ended on November 11, 1918, when Germany accepted the terms of the armistice.

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Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923-1930)

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Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923-1930)

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Alfonso XIII would have come to meditate on the possibility of a dictatorship throughout 1923; In August 1923, he asked Antonio Maura his opinion about a real dictatorship, to which the Mallorcan politician replied that in that case, as a lesser evil, a military dictatorship would be preferable.In this context of political and social crisis, the Captain General of Catalonia Miguel Primo de Rivera gave a coup on September 13, 1923, which was backed by Alfonso XIII by entrusting him with the formation of a government.
Primo de Rivera formed a government which he called the directory, which was initially composed exclusively of the military (Military Directory) and, later (1925), had a civilian character (Civil Directory).

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The Berenguer dictatorship, commonly referred to as the "Soft Dictatorship", was the last period of the Bourbon Restoration and the reign of Alfonso XIII in Spain. During this period there were two governments: the government of General Dámaso Berenguer, formed in January 1930 to restore "constitutional normality" after the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, and the one that followed a year later, the government of Admiral Juan Bautista Aznar. , which would give way to the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.

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He died on February 28, 1941 at the Grand Hotel in Rome due to angina pectoris