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- What is a glacial environment
- Weathering processes
freeze-thaw
- Erosional processes
abrasian
plucking
- How do glaciers move
- Rotational slip
- Moraine and bulldozing
- Deposition
Till
Outwash

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- Corries/cirques/cwms
- Aretes and pyramidal peaks
- Glacial trough
- Truncated spurs
- Hanging valleys
- Ribbon lakes
The formations and characteristics of all above.

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Moraine
- Ground moraine
- Lateral moraine
- Medial moraine
- Terminal moraine
Drumlins
Erratics

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- Grid reference refresher
- Corrie seen as a series of semi-circular, horse shoe shaped contours
- Bold black lines are cliffs that may signify aretes
- Black dots may represent rock debris i.e. glacial deposits

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Erosion and Deposition Landforms Worksheet

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Erosion and Deposition Landforms Worksheet

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Erosion and Deposition Landforms Worksheet

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Erosion and Deposition Landforms Worksheet

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/class-clips-video/geography-ks3-glaciation/z748d6f

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This video is an ideal tool to help students understand the processes of glaciation and how they shape and impact the landscape. It offers an understanding of the processes through illustrated visuals and footage of real landscapes to add context. It can be used as a starting point to discuss and consider how glaciers have shaped landscapes in the past and how they continue to do so today. It also provides an opportunity for students to discuss how climate change is impacting on glaciers and their processes. · What is a glacier? · How do glaciers shape the landscape? · What does glacial erosion look like? · How does glacial erosion impact on human life? After watching the video, students could explore how patterns of glacial erosion have shaped the landscape over time and which of these features can be seen today. Students could carry out fieldwork in areas that have been shaped by glaciers to find examples of key features of glacial erosion and to investigate what has replaced glaciers today. Can students find out how landscapes are changed by glacial erosion and then modified by other factors, for example rivers, in subsequent periods? This short film is relevant for teaching Geography at KS3 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and 3rd and 4th Level in Scotland.

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This video is an ideal tool to help students understand the processes of glaciation and how they shape and impact the landscape. It offers an understanding of the processes through illustrated visuals and footage of real landscapes to add context.

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- Farming
- Forestry
- Quarrying
- Tourism

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General
- Quarrying
Pollution of land and river
- Tourism
Access to land, traffic and house prices
- Water Storage
Environmental interests, flooding

Lake District
- Wind Turbines at Kirkstone Pass
- Glenridding zip-wire

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- Physical attractions
- Historical attractions
- Split impacts of tourism into social, economic and environmental
- Managing traffic and congestion
- Managing footpath erosion

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http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/PL_Glacial_erosion_Landforms.php

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Distinctive glacial landforms result from different physical processes.

Key words

1. Arête - A sharp, knife-like ridge formed between two corries cutting back by processes of erosion and freeze thaw. Bulldozing Ice pushes material of all shapes and sizes as it moves slowly forward.

2. Corrie (Also called cirque) - Armchair-shaped hollow in the mountainside formed by glacial erosion, rotational slip and freeze-thaw weathering. This is where the valley glacier begins. When the ice melts, it can leave a small circular lake called a tarn.

3. Pyramidal peak - Where several corries cut back to meet at a central point, the mountain takes the form of a steep pyramid.

The processes of glaciers have shaped many parts of the UK landscape, including Snowdonia in North Wales and the Lake District in Cumbria. Major features created by glacial erosion include corries, arêtes, pyramidal peaks, truncated spurs, glacial troughs, ribbon lakes and hanging valleys.

Corries are bowl shaped hollows with a steep back wall and hollow, forming an armchair shape. They form in hollows where snow can accumulate. The snow compacts into ice and this accumulates over many years to compact into Névé then ice. This moves downhill because of gravity, the mass of the ice, water at its base and the slope it is on. It will move in a rotational movement because of the slope and the overlying pressure.
The ice freezes to the back wall and when it moves it plucks rock out steepening the back wall. Freeze Thaw and frost shatter above the hollow on exposed rocks shatters the rock and deliver shattered rock known as scree to the ice (both on top of the ice, within it and under it).
This material from plucking and frost shatter is then moved along under the ice abrading the hollow by scratching the surface rock. This creates a steep back wall and a hollow known as a corrie or cirque. At the front edge of the corrie the ice thins out at is speeds up on its journey down valley, and this area is eroded less and crevasses form. This leaves a lip of rock. When the ice melts a corrie lake can form.
In France and Switzerland Corries (the Scottish word) are known as Cirques (because of their near CIRcular shape), Coombe in England and in Wales it is Cwm. Grisedale Tarn in the Lake District is a great example of a Corrie lake.

How Corries are created

Where 2 corries occur back to back, they can erode backwards through the processes outlined above. As these corries erode backwards they steepen the back walls in both corries, which eventually leaves a steep knife edged ridge called an Arête. Where 3 or more corries erode backwards towards one another, this can create a Pyramidal peak , a steep-sided pointed mountain like the Matterhorn. Striding edge in the Lake District is a fabulous example of an Arête.

Glacial erosion landforms - truncated spurs, glacial troughs, ribbon lakes and hanging valleys

As corrie glaciers leave their source regions and descend down old river valleys they can make huge changes to the landscape. One of the major changes they make is to the V-shaped valleys characteristic of the upper reaches of river valleys. The glaciers basically alter this V shape into a U, by creating a steep sided, wide valley in the shape of the letter U. They are formed by a valley glacier that moves down the valley because of gravity.

As the glacier moves down the valley it plucks the rock from beneath and those rocks then rub against the bed of the valley, eroding it further. This deepens and widens the valley. At the front end of the glacier it acts like a bulldozer, shifting and removing soil, plucking rock from interlocking spurs and truncating them. This creates Truncated Spurs, which are interlocking spurs without the land that interlocks! Originally, interlocking spurs are created as a river erodes the upper valley it cuts down into the rock and meanders in and out of the surrounding rock. During glaciations this rock is removed by descending ice sheets.
Eroded rocks also play an integral role, as this material is used as a tool to abrade the valley sides and floor further.
DIFFERENTIAL rates of erosion can occur. This could be because of varying strengths of the bedrock or because there is thicker ice in one region of the glacier than another or because there is more moraine abrading the ground in one region than another. This means that some parts of the valley floor are over deepened allowing the creation of Ribbon Lakes. These are long and thin lakes that collect from melt water and rain water after the glacier has melted.

Glacial Trough Features: Hanging Valleys
Within glacial valleys there are main glaciers and smaller tributary glaciers (just like with rivers). The main glacier can erode its valley to a much greater extent because they are wider, deeper; have more mass and more moraines to use as erosive tools. The tributary valley glaciers are smaller, have less mass and moraine hence erode their valley less. This means that the main valley is deeper, wider and steeper, and this becomes really evident post glaciation, when the tributary glacier is left hanging high above the main valley. When rivers return, they often form waterfalls in these hanging valleys.

NEXT TOPIC - Glacial Deposition Landforms

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Coolgeography - GCSE - Physical landscapes in the UK

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Key words Arête - A sharp, knife-like ridge formed between two corries cutting back by processes of erosion and freeze thaw. Bulldozing Ice pushes material of all shapes and sizes as it moves slowly forward. Corrie (Also called cirque) - Armchair-shaped hollow in the mountainside formed by glacial erosion, rotational slip and freeze-thaw weathering.

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https://www.internetgeography.net/wp_quiz/glacial-landforms-of-transportation-and-deposition/

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Glacial Landforms of Transportation and Deposition - Internet Geography

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True or false? Moraines are formed by the deposition of poorly sorted, angular till deposits, carried by ice then dumped when it melts. True False Correct! Wrong! Identify the type of moraine found along the sides of a glacier. Medial Terminal Lateral Ground Correct! Wrong!

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zg36wxs/revision/5

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Unlike river deposits that are often sorted into different sizes, all glacial deposits are angular and mixed up (unsorted). The extreme of this can be seen in erratics . These are large rocks or boulders that are often found on their own, rather than in piles. They are unusual shapes, unusually large and of a rock type uncommon to the area they have been dumped, eg the Norber erratic.

Drumlins are elongated hills of glacial deposits. They can be 1 km long and 500 m wide, often occurring in groups. A group of drumlins is called a drumlin swarm or a basket of eggs, eg Vale of Eden.

These would have been part of the debris that was carried along and then accumulated under the ancient glacier. The long axis of the drumlin indicates the direction in which the glacier was moving. The drumlin would have been deposited when the glacier became overloaded with sediment. However, glaciologists still disagree as to exactly how drumlins were formed.

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Glacial deposition landforms - Glacial landforms - GCSE Geography Revision - BBC Bitesize

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Unlike river deposits that are often sorted into different sizes, all glacial deposits are angular and mixed up (unsorted). The extreme of this can be seen in erratics . These are large rocks or boulders that are often found on their own, rather than in piles.

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https://youtu.be/TLS6KAnu3vw

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https://quizlet.com/gb/364000460/economic-opportunities-in-glaciated-areas-in-the-uk-flash-cards/

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The security system for this website has been triggered. Completing the challenge below proves you are a human and gives you temporary access.

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zf64jxs/revision/7

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Land use conflicts and solutions - Glaciated upland landscapes - National 5 Geography Revision - BBC Bitesize

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For National 5 Geography study the formation of glaciated upland landscape features and the impact they have on land uses and land use conflict.

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Conflict Triangle split into cause, effect and solution.

Practice exam questions e.g.: “Describe and explain the environmental conflicts that may occur in a named upland area you have studied (You should refer to named locations within your chosen landscape).”

Role play different views on conflicts

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https://www.lakedistrict.gov.uk/learning/factstourism/sustainable-tourism/sustainable-tourism-initatives

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Just some of the local projects regarding transport, footpath erosion and phosphate reduction.

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BBC Bitesize - Tourism perspective information

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BBC Bitesize - Tourism perspective information

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zp6tj6f/revision/4

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The popularity of tourism in the Lake district means there is a demand for more visitor facilities such as hotels and leisure complexes, car parks, marinas and cable cars.

Many of the impacts of tourism are positive, but others present challenges which need to be overcome if tourism in the Lake District is to be sustainable.

Advantages of tourism

Tourism provides employment and income for local people.

People choose to stay in the area, which maintains other essential services such as schools and hospitals.

Services provided for the use of tourists - eg leisure facilities - also benefit local people.

Problems

Employment can be seasonal and wages low.

House prices in the area can rise due to a demand for second homes.

School leavers often look for work in larger settlements due to low wages and high house prices. This causes rural depopulation.

Local shops on the margins of profitability often close to make way for more profitable gift shops and tea rooms. This leaves local people without essential services, eg butchers and greengrocers.

Traffic causes pollution and narrow roads can become congested in high season.

Large numbers of hikers cause footpath erosion, which is expensive to repair.

Watersports cause erosion of lake shores and there can be conflicts of interests between different lake users.

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Case study: conservation and management in the Lake District - Tourism in the UK - GCSE Geography Revision - BBC Bitesize

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The popularity of tourism in the Lake district means there is a demand for more visitor facilities such as hotels and leisure complexes, car parks, marinas and cable cars. Many of the impacts of tourism are positive, but others present challenges which need to be overcome if tourism in the Lake District is to be sustainable.

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqpkqty/test

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Geography - Glacial management (AQA) test questions - AQA - GCSE Geography Revision - BBC Bitesize

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Learn about and revise glacial management, and the conflicts that may arise from human activities in glacial areas, with GCSE Bitesize Geography (AQA).

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Interesting blog post highlighting information

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Interesting blog post highlighting information

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http://geographyrevisionaqa.weebly.com/the-lake-district---case-study.html

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Water-Based Activities

The ribbon lakes and tarns are part of a unique and hugely varied landscape, and a recreational resource.

Lake Windermere specialises in ferry cruises.

Most people sail between the main centres of Windermere and Ambleside.

Small boats are allowed on many lakes.

Areas are set aside for windsailing and power-boating so the activities do not clash and there are quiet areas.

Fishing from the shore or boats is becoming more popular.

Walking

One of the most popular reasons why people visit the lake district

Routes vary from short and flat to extremely long and tough *cough, cough-school trip-cough, cough*

Public access to the fells is unrestricted.

Many guides have been written for walkers and climbers. The most famous is by Wainwright, but Wordsworth also wrote one.

Historical and Cultural

The Lake District has been occupied since the end of the ice age 10,000 years ago, and evidence of early settlement remains.

The land has been farmed for centuries, leaving a distinctive field pattern with drystone walls.

Many 19th Century writers and artists, such as John Ruskin, loved the area.

Beatrix Potter's family had a summer home there, which is why she later settled there at Hill Top beside Lake Windermere.

12 million tourists, compared with 42,239 residents
Traffic Problems Honeypot Sites

Both physical and cultural honeypot sites - beauty spots, small shopping centres and historic houses all attract hundreds of visitors daily.

Cat Bells is quite an easy climb, so many people walk up the smaller mountain, meaning it suffers from serious footpath erosion.

Bowness is an extremely busy shopping and recreation centre in the summer.

Hill Top, Beatrix Potter's house, attracts families.

Pressure on Properties

Almost 20% of property in the Lake District National Park is either second homes or holiday let.

Some local people make a good income from owning and letting second homes, but there are several issues with them.

Holiday cottages and flats are not occupied all year.

The same is true of second homes, so their owners are not part of the community full time.

Holidaymakers do not always support local businesses, often doing a supermarket shop at home before their trip. On the other hand, the main supermarket in Windermere is often full of visitors buying food and drink for their stay.

Demand for property from outsiders increases property prices in the Lake District, causing problems for local people who are forced out to find affordable homes on the edge of the region in Kendal or Penrith. This is the most serious problem.

Environmental Issues
Water sports are not allowed on some of the lakes, but Lake Windermere, the largest lake, has ferries and allows power-boating, windsurfing and other faster and more damaging activities. The main issue is the wash from faster vehicles eroding the shore. Fuel spills are not uncommon, causing pollution.

Traffic Solutions
Planning efficient road networks:

County strategic roads, often dual carriageways, are built on the edges of the Lake District to help move traffic in and out as efficiently as possible.

Distributor roads link the small towns and key tourist villages.

Access roads are small and take less traffic. Many people do not drive beyond the larger settlements. Some routes are 'scenic' and sometimes there is a choice, which splits traffic between routes.

Traffic on smaller roads can be slowed by traffic-calming measures in villages, cattle grids in the countryside and an overall maximum speed limit.

Heavy lorries should be kept off scenic routes.

Planning Public Transport Honeypot Management
Footpaths:Parking:Litter:
Bins should be provided at key points and emptied regularly. Overflowing bins encourage more litter.

Property Prices

Local authorities could build more houses for rent and developers could erect more low-cost homes for sale.

Possible ban on second homes.

Environmental Issues
Farming Employment

Many jobs are created.

Many businesses thrive and make a profit.

Seasonality is a problem.

Low pay

Unpredictable visitor numbers

Speeding Limit

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Water-Based Activities The ribbon lakes and tarns are part of a unique and hugely varied landscape, and a recreational resource. Lake Windermere specialises in ferry cruises. Most people sail between the main centres of Windermere and Ambleside. Small boats are allowed on many lakes.

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Lesson 4- Glacial Landforms and deposition [Autosaved]

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Lesson 4- Deposition landforms quick off the draw

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Glacial Environments intro lesson example

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Glacial Environments intro lesson example

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Characteristics of a glacial environment

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Characteristics of a glacial environment

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Where are glaciated areas? Example lesson

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Where are glaciated areas? Example lesson

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https://youtu.be/NH-vnKR6A7A

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxn87hv/revision/1

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxn87hv/revision/2