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French Philosopher, exiled to England for participating in the revolution of 1830--returns to France heavily influenced by Robert Owen and Thomas More

Utopian socialist who founded Icaria and utopian communities in Texas and Illinois, essentially coined the term communism, advocate of communitarian socialism

Interpreted Christianity to support socialism/utopian societies

approximately 400,000 followers

France was the opposite of utopia for him, eventually he gave up on it and moved to America with a boat full of his French supporters

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Robert Owen was a factory owner who decided to create utopian communities around his cotton mills such as New Lanark and New Harmony. They called for cooperation and profit sharing, as well as built community schools. When designing his new community, Owen hoped he could create a "superior social, intellectual and physical environment." He was a utopian thinker, but both of his experimental communities failed. Owen is symbolic of the times because he not only rebelled against the harsh factory working conditions, but also, in true post-French Revolution fashion, tried to establish a new form of government focused on equality.

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Wanted social equality in the workplace. He was a socialist who believed in cooperatives that guaranteed employment for the urban poor. Famous quote: From each according to his ability. To each according to his needs. From his Organization of Work. His ideas tell us that at the time, there was an emphasis on the rights of the unskilled laborer. There was some concern that they were being exploited and people wanted to give them rights. He did not however, believe in human equality. Did however think that the state must provide work for its population and aid for when that population is sick and cannot work.

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The revolution of 1848 was the real chance for Louis Blanc's ideas to be implemented. His theory of using the established government to enact change was different from those of other socialist theorists of his time. Blanc believed that workers could control their own livelihoods, but knew that unless they were given help to get started the cooperative workshops would never work.

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Fourier was a utopist because he was a socialist, criticized the existing forms of governing and the existing society, and was a feminist. He claimed that poverty was the source of disturbance and proposed that everyone live in small, equal communities named Phalansteries. He also supported equal job opportunities for women. His ideas reveal the ongoing trend towards liberalism. Essentially, his time period must have been characterized by inequality for Fourier to be striving for equality, socialism, and feminism. His ideas have found strong supporters in the United States, including Brook Farm in West Roxbury, MA.

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1. anarchist, French social theorist/ politician. writer of Qu'est-ce que la propriété? (ans: It is theft.) libertarian socialist.

2.  rational, non-violent and anti-utopian?

3. anarchist: absence of a master or a sovereign. considers socioeconomic reform more important than political reform, thus misgivings about the new republic. proponent of "scientific socialism" Republican-Socialist Partyhad set up a counter-government in the Hotel de Ville.

4. participated in the French parliament as a federalist after the revolution of 1848 (February Revolution, which led to the Second Republic). shows that even after the French Revolution, people were not happy with the new republican government.

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2. Mother Ann Lee was utopist because she believed that the Shakers' communal lifestyle and beliefs were an improvement on institutionalized Christian belief. The Shaker community was supposed to be a perfect society, isolated from the sins and temptations of the outside world.

3. Mother Ann Lee believed in gender equality, sexual celibacy (even in marriage), and hard work (contributing to the community).

4. Mother Ann Lee is one of the many religious figures who fled England and settled in the New World in order to practice their religious beliefs freely. Like other religious minorities (Puritans etc.), Lee believed that the current Church was corrupt and that true religious salvation was found in her interpretation of Christian beliefs.