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What are the independent variables reported in the article (if quantitative research).

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What are the independent variables reported in the article (if quantitative research).

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PKN: The tutors felt that 'independent variables' were not well defined in this type of study, where we were comparing two outcomes with one another. Some thought the clinical data were the indep variables, others thought the old test was exposure and new test the outcome, but that was not agreed upon. So best to leave this question to a study where it is more easily applied.

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Apart from original research what other styles of articles are accepted for publication in this journal?

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Apart from original research what other styles of articles are accepted for publication in this journal?

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Broad interest titles - Historically biology and medicine. Expanded into broad physical sciences, mathematics &  engineering. Launching new innovative data access resource - 'data notes'

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Describe the relevance of the research aim/s to the readership. 

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Describe the relevance of the research aim/s to the readership. 

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Trying to establish a gold standard for a high-need area of paediatric health that doesn't otherwise have one. A grey area.

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Did any blinding of researchers or participants take place in data collection or analysis?

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Did any blinding of researchers or participants take place in data collection or analysis?

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Blinding of the researchers.

Blinding between the clinical diagnosis and index test result and the results were only merged one statistical analysis was performed to avoid bias.

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Describe or list the way in which the collected data was measured? Consider types such as: quantitative - numerical [continuous or discrete], categorical [nominal or ordinal]; qualitative- transcription, coding etc.

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Describe or list the way in which the collected data was measured? Consider types such as: quantitative - numerical [continuous or discrete], categorical [nominal or ordinal]; qualitative- transcription, coding etc.

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Data was collected subjectively using a panel of consultant paediatric clinicians  This would have been a qualitative measure (and transcribed/coded) and categorical (e.g. Yes No Unsure). There was also an automated cough sound analytic algorithm to clinically diagnose (quantitative measure using a diagnostic algorithm).

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Did the researchers’ results address the main aim of the study?

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Did the researchers’ results address the main aim of the study?

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Partially. The aim has been addressed in providing a modality to reduce barriers to rapid and accurate diagnosis of common respiratory syndromes, however as per the discussion more research is needed on the tool before it can be considered feasible.

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What is the proportion between recent and older references? What do you think this reflects?

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What is the proportion between recent and older references? What do you think this reflects?

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Majority within 5 years. Reflects the fact that it is testing new technology. Reflects how quickly medical research is updated.

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Based on the information available in the published paper are the findings internally valid? That is, could chance, bias or confounding have erroneously influenced the research findings. 

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Based on the information available in the published paper are the findings internally valid? That is, could chance, bias or confounding have erroneously influenced the research findings. 

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There is a change that bias could have effected the study. This is namely due to the lead author also being a co-owner of the propriatory software being tested. Whilst this is relevant, the use of blinded dianostitions should also be consider a
Single blinded on just clinical diagnosticians was enough for this study as blinding/not blinding patients would not have influenced results. (gold standard is double blinded)

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Do the authors compare their main result to a similar result in another published paper? If so, what is this paper and explain the comparison. 

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Do the authors compare their main result to a similar result in another published paper? If so, what is this paper and explain the comparison. 

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Compared to previous results using different standard (spirometry) and different population.

Compared to clinical WHO’s algorithm for pneumonia analysis.

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Provide details about the specific type of research design or methodology. 

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Provide details about the specific type of research design or methodology. 

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PKN: It's clearly quantitative and cross-sectional (has to be cross-sectional really if comparing two tests).

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If the participants include Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people, discuss the core values for undertaking research within this population and show how these values might have applied to this study.

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If the participants include Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander people, discuss the core values for undertaking research within this population and show how these values might have applied to this study.

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PKN: we did wonder whether the target audience might include rural or community based, and therefore significant Aboriginal populations. It might have been good to have engaged representatives to discuss how the device might be successfully applied in rural situations, perhaps.

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Are the findings externally valid? That is, to what extent can the results from the study be generalised to a wider population?

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Are the findings externally valid? That is, to what extent can the results from the study be generalised to a wider population?

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Conclusions are useful in a wider population setting. If diagnoses proves to be the same with adults and other children using app, this app will be very useful in general clinical fast diagnosis.

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Do the authors cite a study where contradictory findings or conclusions were reported?  If so, what is this paper and how was the contradiction resolved?

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Do the authors cite a study where contradictory findings or conclusions were reported?  If so, what is this paper and how was the contradiction resolved?