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Origins of chattel slavery began between Portugal and “Angola”

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20 or so slaves arrived in Jamestown. Slavery wasn´t and institution yet and the blacks were indentured next to irish and other groups of immigrants who needed to pay debts.

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John Punch ran away to Maryland accompanied by two white indentured servants. All three were caught and returned to Virginia. On July 9, the Virginia Governor´s Council sentenced both the white men to have their terms of indenture extended by another four years each. However, they sentenced Punch to serve who he escaped from for life.

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Antebellum begins

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Odaulah Equiano publishes his slave narrative

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Fugitive Slave Act: 1793 law stated that slave holders could send agents anywhere inside borders to apprehend “slaves”
This act was enacted by congress.

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Jacksonian Democracy: was a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to white men over the age of 21, and restructured a lot of federal institutions in favor of white males.

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Sojourner Truth joins Feminist Action Group

Sojourner Truth was:

1. Born into slavery in 1797

2. Spoke dutch in her early life

3. Escaped around the age of 30

4. Used the US justice system to free her son.

Sojourner Truth became the first black woman to win a court case against a white man.

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Frederick Douglass´s slave narrative is published
Douglass was a former slave who:

1. Literate

2. Escaped slavery from MD

3. Advocated for equal rights

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Compromise of 1850
1. Slavery abolished from Washington DC

2. California would be admitted as a non slave state.

3. Congress would have no say over the domestic slave trade.

Fugitive Slave Act implemented.

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believed:

1. While blacks spent their time during reconstruction reaching for political power, they forgot the importance of basic work required to succeed.

2. Blacks should accept an inferior position in the United States.  Submissive, at the bottom of the social structure and continue to prove their worth.

3. helped create the Tuskegee institute

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Oregon gains statehood

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Civil War begins

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Emancipation Proclamation, issued by Abraham Lincoln Declared slaves to be free on January 1, 1863.

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Civil War ends

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13th Amendment, formerly abolishing slavery in the United States is ratified January 31, 1865

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Lincoln assassinated

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Black Codes: Primary purpose was to restrict freedom, labor, and movement of black people (former slaves)
list of rules:
No Preaching

No Carrying Firearms (unless)

No Drinking

No Congregating in large groups

No Vagrancy

No unemployment

No Vagrancy

Limited Housing

Miscegenation banned

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The Freedmen’s Bureau was established
They provided: food, clothes, money, legal services, labor contracts, schools, and medical care for whites and blacks

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Southern Reconstruction begins

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start of convict leasing system
Convict leasing system: After the Civil War, slavery persisted in the form of convict leasing, a system in which Southern states leased prisoners to private railways, mines, and large plantations. While states profited, prisoners earned little to no pay and faced inhumane, dangerous, and often deadly work conditions.

Designed as a compliment black code offenses, this was the first use of the US penal system´s ability to operate like an industrial prison complex System.

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14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the Civil War

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W.E.B Dubois 1868-1963
Born after the civil war in Massachusetts

First black person ever to receive a Phd from Harvard University.

Anti-racist activist, and author, poet, scholar, historian, Pan-Africanist

Associate professor at University of Pennsylvania and Atlanta University.

World traveler, emigrated to Ghana later in life.

Creator of the Talented Tenth and the United Negro Improvement Association.

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The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." It was ratified on February 3, 1870.

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Birth of Nation (1914) by DW Griffith
A movie that depicts what would happen if the south won.
It helped revive the KKK because it showed them as the protagonists and demonized black men.

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Poll tax-Starting in the early 1890s poll taxes were excised as a way to keep black from voting.

At the same time a ¨grandfather clause¨ was implemented for whites who could not pay because of impoverishment

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Great Migration begins
The great migration was a period when African Americans left the south and went to the North and Midwest.

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Red Summer: is the period from late winter through early autumn of 1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots took place in more than three dozen cities across the United States

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19th Amendment: ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote.

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Harlem Renaissance begins:
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater and politics

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Tulsa Race Massacre: A massacre that happened in Greenwood, OK in the black Wall street Neighborhood because a black man was accused of assaulting a black woman.

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The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. Major federal programs and agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps , the Civil Works Administration, the Farm Security Administration, the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 and the Social Security Administration . They provided support for farmers, the unemployed, youth and the elderly.

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Emmett Till was brutally murdered.
Emmett Till was a 14-year-old African American who was killed in Mississippi in 1955, after being accused of offending a white woman in her family's grocery store.

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Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals

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JFK assassinated.
He was the 35th president of the U.S.

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Malcolm X was assassinated.
Malcolm X was a a civil rights activist and member of the nation of islam.

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The black panther party was created in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.

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MLK assassinated.
Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist

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On August 7, 1970, heavily armed 17-year-old African-American high-school student Jonathan Jackson, whose brother was George Jackson, one of the three Soledad Brothers, gained control of a courtroom in Marin County, California. He armed the black defendants and took Judge Harold Haley, the prosecutor, and three female jurors as hostages. As Jackson transported the hostages and two black  | I didn't know she was a member of the communist party | defendants away from the courtroom, one of the defendants, James McClain, shot at the police. The police returned fire. The judge and the three black men were killed in the melee. Angela Davis purchased the guns used in the attack so she became a fugitive because the police believe she aided them in committing the crime.