# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
🎨 Banksy et le street art decouverte 2026

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Le dessous des images - Banksy, la ménagère et le congélo - Regarder l'émission complète | ARTE

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Pour la Saint-Valentin, Banksy, le plus célèbre des artistes anonymes, réalise un pochoir mural sur les violences conjugales. La photo de l'œuvre est ensuite postée sur son compte Instagram à 12 millions d'abonnés. Mais l'écran ne risque-t-il pas de dénaturer un art créé pour la rue ?

# data[].attributes.headline
Texte description de l'oeuvre de Banksy : Star Wars, StOP Wars Stormtrooper  Monédière Mathis 3èmeA

# data[].attributes.subject
Texte description de l'oeuvre de Banksy : Star Wars, StOP Wars Stormtrooper  Monédière Mathis 3èmeA

# data[].attributes.body
Texte description de l'oeuvre de Banksy : Star Wars, StOP Wars Stormtrooper Monédière Mathis 3èmeA

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Description de l oeuvre de Banksy Star Wars StOP Wars Stormtrooper Monediere Mathis 3A

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Who is Banksy – British Street Art - Learn English with Story

# data[].attributes.body
Banksy is a famous English artist . Banksy ' s work

I'm going to study is 'STOP WARS' .

The first element we can see is the famouse man Stormtrooper

of star wars. It is written and black is he very angry .

He is standing with a paint brush in his right

hand and a bucket in his left hand .He looks towards us

and he looks very angry .

The second element we focus on is one the right of the picture in capital

letters ' star wars ' is wirtten in blacks one over it is wirtten in r red o and p to say stop war .

The colors is very dark ,not happy .

Stormtrooper represent the America with the painting red for any blood flow in war.

He defended the war and the all most dead . He represent the population

# data[].attributes.body
The cold War (la guerre froide)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Banksy-There is always hope correction apolline.odt

# data[].attributes.body
2ème oeuvre ''There is always hope"

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Temps et modaux fiche outil Poser une question.odt

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Questions temps et modaux applications.odt

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sarah correction Banksy Anglais  There is always hope (1).odt

# data[].attributes.body
It's a graffiti, an artwork of Bansky. In this work, there are two elements to see, the first one is a robot of Star wars, the celebre movie, which the robot's name is Stormtrooper, in the foreground on the left, and the second is the writing corrected in the top on the right. The Stormtrooper has in his right hand, a red painting bucket and in his left hand, he held a brush with a red painting. There is writing STAR WARS, because in the letter A and R of STAR, it's corrected with a red «  STOP », to give «  STOP WARS ». It's strange because the Stormstrooper should do the war, and he's next to the writing « STOP WARS », thid means which he wants stop his job, stop fights. In more, we can think which the red painting on a brush is a bucket and to make the correction in a writing « STAR WARS » is the blood of the war. It's symbolic because it's a blood which is used for write «  STAR WARS », maybe for showing which the war made a lot of dead and so it must be stopped. On today's time, the war is a very important phenomenom who happened more and more, it's Bansky want to denounce in the message of this work. I like this artwork because I completely agree with Bansky for this subject, I have the same opinion of him, that is : we need stop wars because it's terrible. To conclude, we can say which Bansky wanted to show the strange part of the picture, by the picture of STAR WARS, a movie of battle for say to stop wars.

# data[].attributes.body
Correction

# data[].attributes.body
Here we have one of Banksy’s work. The title is not defined. In the background, there’s a wall painted in white. At the bottom, we can see some grass on the tar which is quite irrational. In the middle, there’s a little boy dressed in black for the pants and the shoes and turquoise for the t-shirt. His left-hand is covered by shadows whereas the right one is holding a phone with the same color as its t-shirt. His skin is not like ours, he is white as a sheet. We do not really know if he is yelling or crying but he is angry for sure. Above him, there are different red notifications as we can see in the social networks (heart, subscribe,comment), but in that case, there is no notification.

Through that work, Banksy wanted to show that nowadays, people are obsessed with social networks and for the most people, it is important to have a lot of friend of Facebook or followers on Twitter even if you haven’t met them in real life. It shows how this way of life has been incremented in our lives. Some way, Banksy is denouncing that.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
présentation d'une oeuvre de Banksy .docx

# data[].attributes.body
Banksy : One Nation Under CCTV

The artwork is called : « One Nation Under CCTV '. It has been realized by the famous graphic artist Banksy in april 17th 2008 in the middle of London, in Westminster on Oxford street a famous street of London with a lots of shops, tourists and inhabitants but he has chosen to paint it on a dirty and nutral grey wall of a building with apartements on an intersection next to the road and a little street.

On the right of his artwork there is a security camera among so many others in London with a light, there is also a dustbin shed with reds bin protected by a green gate and resistant barriers with pykes at the top

Banksy has painted this grafitti of seven meters high with a stencil and a paint spray under the cover of a scaffold because this building was under renovation.

He has represented a little blond kid with red jacket and with his hood, a grey bag, a black short and black shoes.

He's holding a little wooden ladder on his right hand and a brush on his left hand.

The kid is painting a « T » in white on the dirty and nutral grey wall, in big characters and capital letters for a lots of people can see his artwork of the road and from afar, the sentence : « One nation under CCTV » and this white motto is dripping.

At the bottom left there's a rather tall policeman with his blue uniform and his blue hat. He has a moustache and a camera on his hands and a brown dog at his feet.

The main colors are grey, white, red and blue.

It reminds us the tale of the little red riding hood when the little girl is eaten by the wolf.

So, why Banksy realized this giant piece of work in this place ?

The little blond kid is maybe representing Banksy which brings us to fight versus  CCTV and especially for the new generations and the future, to be united because only one kid or a man cannot fight alone versus CCTV and voyeurism because he’s to small

The words are dripping because the kid had to hurry to not be seen by CCTV, but the policeman has seen him and he photographs him, and that shows people are not watched only by CCTV but also by themselves and police.

Banksy is an anarchist so maybe the dog is representing people who obey and who do anything to stop the voyeurism because he is at the feet of the policeman in waiting that policeman, his master gives him an order because people are dominated by overs who are more powerful and stronger

With this piece of work Banksy wanted to demonstrate in London, one of the most controlled cities of the world because of all the CCTV there are in London and one of the most famous city in the world the motivation of the pervers control society who’s constantly watching us and what we do and which drill our intimacy

Banksy wants especially to make people aware to they are constantly watched and they can’t do what they want because we are not free and what we are all in « borrowed time » because of the multiplication of CCTV particulary in England which is very disturbing above all for the future because we will cannot go out any more without having the impression to be always watched by CCTV, on internet, and by people themselves

The word « CCTV » replaces the word « God », on the religious sentence « One nation under God », which shows people are not anymore under the surveillance and the autority of God, but under the autority of gouvernement, police and powerful people.

I really like this artwork because it denounces the voyeurism of the control society who’s somtimes perverse I think and when I look this artwork it leaves me cold because I feel suddendly observed by a camera, a social networks or both and I realise that is rather easy to spy someone especially with social networks so I feel in insecurity  in spite of CCTV are there to protected people, so I agree with this artwork but not completly because CCTV instead of I think we are sometimes watched, CCTV are also here for our security, so I don’t think we have to removed all the CCTV but stopped to multiplicated it, so, it’s scared me for the future.

To conclude I will say that :

Should we regulate the use of security camera, remove all the security camera or multiplicated it ? Do you really want to be always watched ? Do you prefer to be live safer with camera or be more unsafe but with more privacy a,nd freedom

# data[].attributes.body
Banksy's work "Slave Labour" has been painted on a wall of London.

It's a graffity painting in black and white.

All the elements are in the foreground.
In the middle of the painting we can see a young boy on the left of a sewing machine, he is kneeling.
He is wearing a cap backwards, a tee shirt and shorts. He is barefoot.
He is sewing England's flag.
All the mural is black and white except flags of England; they aren't painted, they are hooked on the wall, they are authentic flags, maybe for looking more realistic.
The little boy looks sad and seems to be bored.
His position is uncomfortable and this work is very difficult for a young person. The sewing machine is disproportionate to the boy , it takes a lot of space in the painting maybe to show its importance.

Banksy's goal is to denounce a capitalistic society..
The little boy is sewing England's flag maybe for an eternity because the sewing machine is huge.
"Slave Labour" the title of the art work denounces also work by children. For exemple, in poor countries it's very serious. It's an ironic message.

I like this art work because I think it's very important to stop slave labour in the world and in the capitalistic society in the future.

# data[].attributes.body
Correction Nathan

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
La reconnaissance vocale et traduction instantanée

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Reconnaissance automatique de la parole et la traduction vocale instantanée. Basé sur le logiciel de Google, ainsi que sur les algorithmes uniques pour la ponctuation automatique, la retranscription du langage naturel. La retranscription est modifiable. Le système assure l’exportation vers les légendes. Le logiciel est gratuit, et l’utilisateur n’a pas à donner son nom ou à s’inscrire pour bénéficier des fonctionnalités du logiciel.

Fonctions: Retranscription de la voix en texte (discours à texte); Traducteur instantanée de la voix à la texte et voix à la voix; Aide auditive pour les mal-entendants; Retranscription par écrit de la voix au téléphone; Production de sous-titres de film.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Il lit instantanément à voix haute n'importe quel texte avec une voix nette et naturelle

Une application Web qui fonctionne très bien à la fois sur Chrome et Safari. Il n'est pas nécessaire de télécharger ou d'installer de logiciel. Il n'y a pas non plus de procédure de connexion fastidieuse à suivre. Il suffit de coller le texte et de cliquer sur ''lecture''.

Il fonctionne également sur Chrome pour mobile. Il est idéal pour écouter des articles lorsque vous conduisez, que vous êtes en voyage, que vous faites de l'exercice, que vous travaillez et bien plus encore.

Textes rédigés de podcast

Ecoutez des articles et des livres intéressants tout en travaillant ou conduisant

TTSReader est vraiment utile pour les gens occupés qui veulent pouvoir écouter des écrits tout en vaquant à leur occupations.
Par exemple - vous pouvez écouter des articles entiers de Wikipédia (il suffit de les copier et de les coller ici), ou certains documents que vous avez besoin d'étudier pour le travail ou pour parfaire vos connaissances.
Regardez cette vidéo sur YouTube pour voir comment il lit l'œuvre du Dr. Seuss ''Le chat chapeauté''. Vous serez surpris.

Il vous permet de ne pas accumuler des tonnes de trafic et de charges de données mobiles

Les applications de podcast classiques consomment des tonnes de données, tout comme les longs fichiers audio également volumineux. Au contraire, le TTSReader utilise des moteurs de synthèse vocale, qui sont intégrés au système de votre téléphone mobile. De cette façon, vous pouvez écouter des heures de textes de podcasts presque sans consommer de données. Cette caractéristique fait de ce logiciel l'outil idéal pour les conducteurs et tout ceux qui veulent écouter des écrits intéressants sur la route.

Méthode révolutionnaire pour écrire un livre vite et bien
Méthode révolutionnaire pour écrire un livre vite et bien en 26 pages chrono! DE GEORGE PARÎSSE
Éducatif & Professionnel pour les enfants

Les enfants aimeront écouter de belles histoires, et c'est également un outil idéal pour leur développement. Rien n'est comparable à la lecture de l'histoire faite par papa et maman à l'heure du coucher. Mais, avec le TTSReader vous pouvez maintenant les laisser écouter des histoires supplémentaires en complément de celles lues par maman & papa. Essayez-le, les réactions que nous avons eues en retour prouvent que les enfants l'adorent !

Il constitue une aide pour les personnes ayant des difficultés de lecture

Les personnes ayant des difficultés de lecture (régulière ou temporaire), mais qui ne veulent pas entraver le développement de leur autonomie utilise le TTSReader comme assistant.

Narration & doublage de films, présentations et davantage encore

Il suffit de taper le texte que vous devez dire dans la langue souhaitée (vous pouvez d'abord le traduire à l'aide de Google Traduction) - cliquez sur le bouton de lecture - et enregistrez le message vocal.
Vous venez de créer votre fichier audio professionnel dans toutes les langues.

Commentaires & réactions des utilisateurs (4,5 étoiles !)

Nous avons élaboré ce logiciel pour nos utilisateurs. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous sommes si heureux que vous nous ayez fait part de vos commentaires. Nos utilisateurs ont attribué à TTSReader une note supérieur 4,5 étoiles sur le site de la boutique en ligne Chrome ! Cette note est supérieure à celles attribuées aux autres solutions alternatives en ligne. Voici quelques-uns des commentaires laissés par les utilisateurs sur le site de la boutique en ligne:

''Il fonctionne parfaitement. et il est gratuit C'est le meilleur synthétiseur vocal que l'on peut utiliser de façon illimitée mes enfants l'adorent Merci beaucoup''

''Il fonctionne à merveille J'ai essayé plusieurs autres applications et extensions "de synthèse vocal" et c'est le seul qui fonctionne et il fonctionne bien !! "

''Fantastique ! Les phrases sont claires et le rythme est parfait ! "

... Et il y en a beaucoup d'autres. Lisez les tous sur le site de la boutique en ligne Chrome

Merci beaucoup les gars ! Vos commentaires nous motive pour continuer à créer d'autres excellents produits

Instructions & davantage encore

Instructions

Collez dans la zone de texte de l'application le texte que vous souhaitez faire lire.
Cliquez sur "lecture". Et voilà. TTSReader s'occupe du reste, de sorte que vous pouvez écouter avec plaisir.

Pause & lecture - tout clic sur le bouton central "lecture/pause" arrêtera la lecture ou la reprendra à l'endroit où elle s'est arrêtée.
Recommencer - cliquez sur le bouton "rembobiner" pour reprendre la lecture depuis le début.
Réglage de la langue & du rythme de lecture - aussi bien la langue que le rythme de la voix peuvent être modifiés pour s'adapter à vos besoins. Les langues prises en charge sont : l'anglais britannique, l'anglais américain, l'espagnol, le français, l'italien, l'allemand, le japonais, le coréen et le chinois.

Compatibilité

TTSReader est réellement multi-plateforme, si vous le faites fonctionner sur Chrome ou Safari. Il fonctionne très bien sur les ordinateurs de bureau, les Mac, les ordinateurs portables, les Chromebook et même les téléphones mobiles.

Confidentialité

Sur TTSReader.com nous respectons votre vie privée, et c'est la raison pour laquelle nous ne stockons pas ce que vous tapez ou les autres données vous concernant.

Clause de non- responsabilité

Malgré nos efforts, les résultats de la synthèse vocale pourraient ne pas être exacts. Par ailleurs, TTSReader.com est un service fourni en l'état et nous ne pouvons garantir qu'il continuera à fonctionner dans l'avenir (partagez-le avec des amis pour faire en sorte qu'il fonctionne pour longtemps :))

Nous apprécions vos commentaires & votre soutien

Si vous avez des commentaires, des idées ou des demandes, veuillez nous contactez, nous serons vraiment heureux de les entendre.
Si vous aimez TTSReader, montrez-nous que vous nous soutenez en nous attribuant une note sur le site la boutique en ligne Chrome, partagez avec des amis, ou citez-nous dans vos messages et sur vos blogs. Vos amis et followers apprécieront également. Vous pouvez également contribuer en faisant un petit don (du style "offrez-moi un café").

Faites la connaissance de mes petites soeurs - Autres applications de synthèse vocale

SpeechNinja AAC - Si vous cherchez une solution de communication améliorée & alternative (un logiciel de synthèse vocale destinée à des textes courts & rapides), le nouveauSpeechNinja est la solution que vous recherchez.

Speechnotes - Bloc-notes professionnel de synthèse vocale (dictée) pour Chrome.

Speechlogger - Sous-titrage et traduction instantanée en ligne.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Synthétiseur vocal En ligne. Précis. Gratuit.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Synthétiseur vocal gratuit en ligne. Précis avec des voix naturelles, multilingue. Temps réel. Il est gratuit & le sera toujours.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Description on Bnaksy STOP WAR oral Tom P.m4a

# data[].attributes.body
Banksy Sarah

# data[].attributes.body
Street art is any art developped in public spaces - that is, "in the streets" — thoughthe term usually refers to art of an illicit nature (as opposed to, for instance, government or community art initiatives). The term can include traditional graffiti artwork, though it is often used to distinguish modern public-space artwork from traditional graffiti and the overtones of gang territoriality and vandalism associated with it.

# data[].attributes.headline
street art nom masculin anglicisme Mouvement artistique utilisant l'espace public comme champ d'intervention.

# data[].attributes.subject
street art nom masculin anglicisme Mouvement artistique utilisant l'espace public comme champ d'intervention.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Le Graffiti et le Street Art - Speerstra

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Le Graffiti apparaissait régulièrement dans les clips vidéos, musique et livres. Des Films comme "Style Wars" par Tony Silver et Henry Chalfant, et "Wild style" par Charlie Ahearn décrivent et promotionnent le Graffiti en le légitimant.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
ÉPISODE 01 - BANKSY "NAPALM" - HISTOIRE DES ARTS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Banksy: roi du street art - Entrée libre

# data[].attributes.body
《BANKSY - There is always hope》

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Banksy is a pseudonymous England-based street artist, political activist and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. Active since the 1990s, his satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in a distinctive stenciling technique. His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets, walls and bridges throughout the world. Banksy's work grew out of the Bristol underground scene, which involved collaborations between artists and musicians. Banksy says that he was inspired by 3D, a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group Massive Attack.

Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. Banksy no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public "installations" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall they were painted on. Much of his work can be classified as temporary art. A small number of Banksy's works are officially, non-publicly, sold through an agency created by Banksy named Pest Control. Banksy's documentary film Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010) made its debut at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. In January 2011, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for the film. In 2014, he was awarded Person of the Year at the 2014 Webby Awards.

Banksy's name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. In a 2003 interview with Simon Hattenstone of The Guardian, Banksy is described as "white, 28, scruffy casual-jeans, T-shirt, a silver tooth, silver chain and silver earring. He looks like a cross between Jimmy Nail and Mike Skinner of The Streets." Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14, was expelled from school, and served time in prison for petty crime. According to Hattenstone, "anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal". Banksy reportedly lived in Easton, Bristol, during the late 1990s, before moving to London around 2000.

The Mail on Sunday claimed that Banksy is Robin Gunningham in 2008, born on 28 July 1974 in Yate, 12 miles (19 km) from Bristol. Several of Gunningham's associates and former schoolmates at Bristol Cathedral School have corroborated this, and, in 2016, a study by researchers at the Queen Mary University of London using geographic profiling found that the incidence of Banksy's works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham. According to The Sunday Times, Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks, which eventually became Banksy. Two cassette sleeves featuring his art work from 1993, for the Bristol band Mother Samosa, exist with his signature. In June 2017, DJ Goldie referred to Banksy as "Rob" in an interview for a podcast.

Other speculations on Banksy's identity include the following:

Robert Del Naja (a.k.a. 3D), a member of the trip hop band Massive Attack, had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band, and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy.

In 2020, users on Twitter began to speculate that former presenter Neil Buchanan was Banksy. This was denied by Buchanan's publicist.

In 2022, Billy Gannon, a local councillor in Pembroke Dock was rumoured to be Banksy. He subsequently resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor. "I'm being asked to prove who I am not, and the person that I am not may not exist," he said. "I mean, how am I supposed to prove that I'm not somebody who doesn't exist? Just how do you do that?"

In October 2014, an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed.

Early career (1990-2001)

A Banksy work from the Bristol underground scene

Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990-1994 as one of Bristol's DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with two other artists known as Kato and Tes. He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger Bristol underground scene with Nick Walker, Inkie and 3D. During this time he met Bristol photographer Steve Lazarides, who began selling Banksy's work, later becoming his agent. By 2000 he had turned to the art of stencilling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London. He was the goalkeeper for the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls football team in the 1990s, and toured with the club to Mexico in 2001. Banksy's first known large wall mural was The Mild Mild West painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors' office on Stokes Croft in Bristol. It depicts a teddy bear lobbing a Molotov cocktail at three riot police.

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist, or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In July 2011 one of Banksy's early works, Gorilla in a Pink Mask, which had been a prominent landmark on the exterior wall of a former social club in Eastville for over ten years, was unwittingly painted over after the premises became a Muslim cultural centre.

Exhibitions (2002-2003)

On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 33 Gallery, a tiny Silver Lake venue owned by Frank Sosa and was on view until 18 August. The exhibition, entitled Existencilism, "an Exhibition of Art, Lies and Deviousness" was curated by 33 Gallery, Malathion LA's Chris Vargas, Funk Lazy Promotions' Grace Jehan, and B+. The flyer of the exhibition indicates an opening reception was followed by a performance by Money Mark with DJ's Jun, AL Jackson, Rhettmatic, J.Rocc, and Coleman. Some of the paintings exhibited included Smiley Copper H (2002), Leopard and Barcode (2002), Bomb Hugger (2002), and Love Is in the Air (2002).

Banksy mural in Bethlehem

In 2003, at an exhibition called , held in a London warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. At the time he gave one of his very few interviews, to the BBC's Nigel Wrench. Although the RSPCA declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest. An example of his subverted paintings is Monet's Water Lily Pond, adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a shopping trolley floating in its reflective waters; another is Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his Union Flag underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the café. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.

Banksy, along with Shepard Fairey, Dmote, and others, created work at a warehouse exhibition in Alexandria, Sydney, for Semi-Permanent in 2003. Approximately 1,500 people attended.

A stencil of Charles Manson in a prison suit, hitchhiking to anywhere, Archway, London

£10 notes to Barely Legal (2004-2006)

In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes replacing the picture of the Queen's head with Diana, Princess of Wales's head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England". Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at Notting Hill Carnival that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on eBay. A wad of the notes was also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the signing tent at the Reading Festival. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes was also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at Bonhams auction house in London for £24,000.

The reproduction of images of the banknotes classifies as a criminal offence ( s.18 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981). In 2016, the American Numismatic Society received an email from a Reproductions Officer at the Bank of England, which brought attention to the illegality of publishing photos of the banknotes on their website without prior permission. The Bank of England holds the copyright over all its banknotes.

Also in 2004, Banksy created a limited edition screenprint titled Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling). In the print, Banksy appropriated the image of Phan Thi Kim Phuc, a Vietnamese girl who appeared in the iconic 1972 photograph " The Terror of War" by Nick Ut. Napalm shows the image of Kim Phuc as seen in the original photo, but no longer within the tragic war setting. Instead, he situates the young girl against an empty background, still screaming, but now accompanied by Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse. The two characters hold her hands as they cheerfully gesture to an invisible audience, seemingly oblivious to the terrified girl. The image of Kim Phuc is flat, grainy and monochromatic; in most of the prints, Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse are yellow. In a few limited prints, the corporate characters wear pink or orange. Banksy produced 150 signed and 500 unsigned copies of Napalm.

In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the Palestinian territories, created nine images on the Israeli West Bank wall.

There are crimes that become innocent and even glorious through their splendour, number and excess.

Banksy held an exhibition called Barely Legal, billed as a "three-day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September 2006. The exhibition featured a live " elephant in a room", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern, which, according to leaflets handed out at the exhibition, was intended to draw attention to the issue of world poverty. Although the Animal Services Department had issued a permit for the elephant, after complaints from animal rights activists, the elephant appeared unpainted on the final day. Its owners rejected claims of mistreatment and said that the elephant had done "many, many movies. She's used to makeup." Banksy also made artwork displaying Queen Victoria as a lesbian and satirical pieces that incorporated art made by Andy Warhol and Leonardo da Vinci.

Peter Gibson, a spokesman for Keep Britain Tidy, asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism. Another official for the same organisation stated: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism."

Banksy effect (2006-2007)

Naked Man image by Banksy, on the wall of a sexual health clinic[61] in Park Street, Bristol. Following popular support, the City Council has decided it will be allowed to remain. (wider view)

After Christina Aguilera bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000, on 19 October 2006, a set of Kate Moss paintings sold in Sotheby's London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of Andy Warhol's Marilyn Monroe pictures, sold for five times their estimated price. Their stencil of a green with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction. In December, journalist Max Foster coined the phrase, "the Banksy effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.

On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for Bombing Middle England. Two of his other graffiti works, Girl with Balloon and Bomb Hugger, sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices. The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: Ballerina with Action Man Parts reached £96,000; sold for £72,000; Untitled (2004) sold for £33,600; all significantly above price estimates. To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."

In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in Bristol decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural that comes with a house attached.

In April 2007, Transport for London painted over Banksy's image of a scene from Quentin Tarantino's film Pulp Fiction (1994), featuring Samuel L. Jackson and John Travolta clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the graffiti created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics". Banksy painted the same site again and, initially, the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Sometime later, Banksy made a tribute artwork over this second Pulp Fiction work. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone who, along with fellow artist Wants, was hit by an underground train in Barking, east London on 12 January 2007. Banksy depicted an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website saying:

Ozone's Angel

The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving handguns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote "If it's better next time I'll leave it" in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone-rest in peace.

On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work Space Girl and Bird fetching £288,000 (US$576,000) around 20 times the estimate at Bonhams of London. On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's Greatest living Briton. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award and continued with his anonymous status. On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy'sThe Drinker had been stolen. In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.

Banksy has published a " manifesto" on his website. The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of British Lieutenant Colonel Mervin Willett Gonin, DSO, which is exhibited in the Imperial War Museum. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been replaced with Graffiti Heroes No. 03, which describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free George Davis from imprisonment. By 12 August 2009 he was relying on Emo Philips' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn't work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness." A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movieChildren of Men, including a stenciled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop.

Banksy, who "is not represented by any of the commercial galleries that sell his work second hand (including Lazarides Ltd, Andipa Gallery, Bank Robber, Dreweatts etc.)", claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York City (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of their paintings and prints.

Banksy Swinger in New Orleans

In March, Nathan Wellard and Maev Neal, a couple from Norfolk, UK, made headlines in Britain when they decided to sell their mobile home that contains a 30-foot mural, entitled Fragile Silence, done by Banksy a decade prior to his rise to fame. According to Nathan Wellard, Banksy had asked the couple if he could use the side of their home as a "large canvas", to which they agreed. In return for the "canvas", the Bristol stencil artist gave them two free tickets to the Glastonbury Festival. The mobile home purchased by the couple 11 years earlier for £1,000, was priced at £500,000.

Also in March 2008, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on Thames Water tower in the middle of the Holland Park roundabout, and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this-Society!" in bright orange. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.

In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of Hurricane Katrina and the associated levee failure disaster, Banksy produced a series of works in New Orleans, Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.

Work on building in the Lower 9th Ward of New Orleans, August 2008

A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the Ensley neighbourhood of Birmingham, Alabama on 29 August as Hurricane Gustav approached the New Orleans area. The painting, depicting a hooded member of the Ku Klux Klan hanging from a noose, was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether. His first official exhibition in New York City,The Village Pet Store and Charcoal Grill, opened 5 October 2008. The animatronic pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby Chicken McNuggets as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.

The Westminster City Council stated in October 2008 that the work One Nation Under CCTV, painted in April 2008 would be painted over as it was graffiti. The council said it would remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told The Times newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art." The work was painted over in April 2009. In December 2008, The Little Diver, a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne, Australia, was destroyed. The image had been protected by a sheet of clear perspex; however, silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely obliterated.

Banksy has also been long criticised for copying the work of Blek le Rat, who created the life-sized stencil technique in early 1980s Paris and used it to express a similar combination of political commentary and humorous imagery. Blek has praised Banksy for his contribution to urban art, but said in an interview for the documentary Graffiti Wars that some of Banksy's more derivative work makes him "angry", saying that "It's difficult to find a technique and style in art so when you have a style and you see someone else is taking it and reproducing it, you don't like that."

The Cans Festival (2008)

In London, over the weekend 3-5 May 2008, Banksy hosted an exhibition called The Cans Festival. It was situated on Leake Street, a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath London Waterloo station. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it did not cover anyone else's. Banksy invited artists from around the world to exhibit their works.

The location of the damaged 1985 graffiti by Robbo in Camden, London allegedly painted over by Banksy and subsequently painted over by Robbo in retaliation

In May 2009, Banksy parted company with agent Steve Lazarides and announced that Pest Control, the handling service who act on his behalf, would be the only point of sale for new works. On 13 June 2009, the Banksy vs Bristol Museum show opened at Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works. Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend. Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition was visited over 300,000 times. In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 Blur single " Crazy Beat" and the property owner, who had allowed it to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.

In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference by painting four murals on global warming. One included the phrase, "I don't believe in global warming;" the words were submerged in water. A feud and graffiti war between Banksy and King Robbo broke out when Banksy allegedly painted over one of Robbo's tags. The feud has led to many of Banksy's works being altered by graffiti writers.

Exit Through the Gift Shop and United States (2010)

The world premiere of the film Exit Through the Gift Shop occurred at the Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah, on 24 January. He created 10 street artworks around Park City and Salt Lake City to tie in with the screening. In February, The Whitehouse public house in Liverpool, England, was sold for £114,000 at auction. The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.

In March 2010, a modified version of the work Forgive Us Our Trespassing-a kneeling boy with a spray-painted halo-was displayed at London Bridge Station on a poster. This version of the work did not possess the halo due to its stylistic nature and the prevalence of graffiti in the underground. After a few days the halo was repainted by a graffitist, so Transport for London disposed of the poster.

Banksy paints over the line between aesthetics and language, then stealthily repaints it in the unlikeliest of places. His works, whether he stencils them on the streets, sells them in exhibitions or hangs them in museums on the sly, are filled with wit and metaphors that transcend language barriers.

In April, to coincide with the premiere of Exit Through the Gift Shop in San Francisco, five of his works appeared in various parts of the city. Banksy reportedly paid a San Francisco Chinatown building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils. In May 2010, seven new Banksy works of art appeared in Toronto, Canada, though most have been subsequently painted over or removed.

In May, to coincide with the premiere of Exit Through the Gift Shop in Royal Oak, Banksy visited the Detroit area and left his mark in several places in Detroit and Warren. Shortly after, his work depicting a little boy holding a can of red paint next to the words "I remember when all this was trees" was excavated by the 555 Nonprofit Gallery and Studios. They claim that they do not intend to sell the work but plan to preserve it and display it at their Detroit gallery. There was also an attempted removal of one of the Warren works known as Diamond Girl. While in the United States, Banksy also completed a painting in Chinatown, Boston, known as Follow Your Dreams.

In late January 2011, Exit Through the Gift Shop was nominated for a 2010 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature. Banksy released a statement about the nomination, stating, "This is a big surprise... I don't agree with the concept of award ceremonies, but I'm prepared to make an exception for the ones I'm nominated for. The last time there was a naked man covered in gold paint in my house, it was me." Leading up to the Oscars, Banksy blanketed Los Angeles with street art. Many people speculated if Banksy would show up at the Oscars in disguise and make a surprise appearance if he won the Oscar. Exit Through the Gift Shop did not win the award, which went to . In early March 2011, Banksy responded to the Oscars with an artwork in Weston-super-Mare, UK, of a little girl holding the Oscar and pouting. Many people think that it is about 15-month-old Lara, who dropped and damaged her father's ( The King's Speech co-producer Simon Egan) Oscar statue. Exit Through the Gift Shop was broadcast on British public television station Channel 4 on 13 August 2011.

Banksy was credited with the opening couch gag for the 2010 The Simpsons episode " MoneyBart", depicting people working in deplorable conditions and using endangered or mythical animals to make both the episodes cel-by-cel and the merchandise connected with the program. His name appears several times throughout the episode's opening sequence, spray-painted on assorted walls and signs. Fox sanitised parts of the opening "for taste" and to make it less grim. In January 2011, Banksy published the original storyboard on its website. According to Banksy, the storyboard "led to delays, disputes over broadcast standards and a threatened walkout by the animation department." Executive director Al Jean jokingly said, "This is what you get when you outsource."

In May 2011 Banksy released a lithographic print which showed a smoking petrol bomb contained in a ' Tesco Value' bottle. This followed a long-running campaign by locals against the opening of a Tesco Express supermarket in Banksy's home city of Bristol. Violent clashes had taken place between police and demonstrators in the Stokes Croft area. Banksy produced the poster ostensibly to raise money for local groups in the Stokes Croft area and to raise money for the legal defence of those arrested during the riots. The posters were sold exclusively at the Bristol Anarchists Bookfair in Stokes Croft for £5 each. In December, he unveiled Cardinal Sin at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool. The bust, which replaces a priest's face with a "pixelated" effect, was a statement on the child abuse scandal in the Catholic Church.

In May 2012 his Parachuting Rat, painted in Melbourne in the late 1990s, was accidentally destroyed by plumbers installing new pipes. In July, prior to the 2012 Olympic Games Banksy posted photographs of paintings with an Olympic theme on his website but did not disclose their location.

On 18 February 2013, BBC News reported that a recent Banksy mural, known as the Slave Labour mural portraying a young child sewing Union Flag bunting (created around the time of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II) had been removed from the side of a Poundland store in Wood Green, north London, and soon appeared for sale in Fine Art Auctions Miami's catalogue (a US auction site based in Florida). News of this caused "lots of anger" in the local community and is considered by some to be a theft. Fine Art Auctions Miami had rejected claims of theft, saying it had signed a contract with a "well-known collector" and that "everything was above board"; despite this, the local councillor for Wood Green campaigned for the work's return. On the scheduled day of the auction, Fine Art Auctions Miami withdrew the work of art from the sale.

On 11 May, BBC News reported that the same Banksy mural was up for auction again in Covent Garden by the Sincura Group. The auction was scheduled to take place in June, and was expected to fetch up to £450,000. On 24 September, after over a year since his previous piece, a new mural went up on his website along with the subtitle Better Out Than In.

Much criticism came forward during his series of works in New York in 2013. Many New York street artists, such as TrustoCorp, criticised Banksy, and much of his work was defaced. In his column for The Guardian, satirist Charlie Brooker wrote in 2006 that Banksy's "work looks dazzlingly clever to idiots."

On 1 October 2013, Banksy began a one-month "show on the streets of New York [City]", for which he opened a separate website and granted an interview to The Village Voice via his publicist.

A pop-up boutique of about 25 spray-art canvases appeared on Fifth Avenue near Central Park on 12 October. Tourists were able to buy Banksy art for just $60 each. In a note posted to his website, the artist wrote: "Please note this was a one-off. The stall will not be there again." The BBC estimated that the street-stall art pieces could be worth as much as $31,000. The booth was manned by an unknown elderly man who went about four hours before making a sale, yawning and eating lunch as people strolled by without a second glance at the work. Banksy chronicled the surprise sale in a video posted to his website noting, "Yesterday I set up a stall in the park selling 100% authentic original signed Banksy canvases. For $60 each." Two of the canvasses sold at a July 2014 auction for $214,000.

Asked about the artist's presence in New York, then- New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who had led a citywide graffiti cleanup operation in 2002, said he did not consider graffiti a form of art. One creation was a fiberglass sculpture of Ronald McDonald and a real person, barefoot and in ragged clothes, shining the oversized shoes of Ronald McDonald. The sculpture was unveiled in Queens but moved outside a different McDonald's around the city every day. Other works included a YouTube video showing what appears to be footage of jihadist militants shooting down an animated Dumbo; travelling installations that toured the city including a slaughterhouse delivery truck full of stuffed animals and a waterfall; and a modified painting donated to a charity shop which was later sold in an online auction for $615,000. Banksy also posted a mock-up of a New York Times op-ed attacking the design of the One World Trade Center after the Times rejected his submission. The residency in New York concluded on 31 October 2013; many of the pieces, though, were either vandalised, removed or stolen.

In February 2015 Banksy published a 2-minute video titled Make this the year YOU discover a new destination about his trip to Gaza Strip. During the visit he painted a few artworks including a kitten on the remains of a house destroyed by an Israeli air strike ("I wanted to highlight the destruction in Gaza by posting photos on my website-but on the internet people only look at pictures of kittens") and a swing hanging off a watchtower. In a statement to The New York Times his publicist said,

I don't want to take sides. But when you see entire suburban neighbourhoods reduced to rubble with no hope of a future-what you're really looking at is a vast outdoor recruitment centre for terrorists. And we should probably address this for all our sakes.

Dismaland (2015), a "bemusement park" in Weston-super-Mare

Banksy opened Dismaland, a large-scale group show modelled on Disneyland on 21 August 2015. It lampooned the many disappointing temporary themed attractions in the UK at the time. Dismaland permanently closed on 27 September 2015. The "theme park" was located in Weston-super-Mare, United Kingdom. According to the Dismaland website, artists represented on the show include Damien Hirst and Jenny Holzer. In December, Banksy created several murals in the vicinity of Calais, France, including the so-called " Jungle" where migrants then lived as they attempted to enter the United Kingdom. One of the pieces, The Son of a Migrant from Syria, depicts Steve Jobs as a migrant.

In 2017, marking the 100th anniversary of the British control of Palestine, Banksy financed the creation of the Walled Off Hotel in Bethlehem. This hotel is open to the public and contains rooms designed by Banksy, Sami Musa, and Dominique Petrin, and each of the bedrooms face the wall. It also houses a contemporary art gallery. 2018 saw Banksy return to New York five years after his Better Out Than In residency. A trademark rat running around the circumference of a clock-face, dubbed Rat race, was torn down by developers within a week of it appearing on a former bank building at 101 West 14th Street, but other works, including a mural of imprisoned Kurdish artist Zehra Doğan on the famed Bowery Wall and a series of others across Brooklyn, remain on display.

In October 2018, one of Banksy's works, Balloon Girl, was sold in an auction at Sotheby's in London for £1.04m. However, shortly after the gavel dropped and it was sold, an alarm sounded inside of the picture frame and the canvas passed through a shredder hidden within the frame, partially shredding the picture. Banksy then posted an image of the shredding on Instagram captioned "Going, going, gone...". After the sale, the auction house acknowledged that the self-destruction of the work was a prank by the artist. The prank received wide news coverage around the world, with one newspaper stating that it was "quite possibly the biggest prank in art history." Joey Syer, co-founder of an online platform facilitating art dealer sales, told the Evening Standard: "The auction result will only propel this further and given the media attention this stunt has received, the lucky buyer would see a great return on the £1.02M they paid last night, this is now part of art history in its shredded state and we'd estimate Banksy has added at a minimum 50% to its value, possibly as high as being worth £2m+." A man seen filming the shredding of the picture during its auction has been suggested to be Banksy. Banksy has since released a video on how the shredder was installed into the frame and the shredding of the picture, explaining that he had surreptitiously fitted the painting with the shredder a few years previously, in case it ever went up for auction. To explain his rationale for destroying his own artwork, Banksy quoted Picasso: "The urge to destroy is also a creative urge". (Although Banksy cited Picasso, this quote is usually attributed to Mikhail Bakunin.) It is not known how the shredder was activated. Banksy has released another video indicating that the painting was intended to be shredded completely. The video shows a sample painting completely shredded by the frame and says: "In rehearsals it worked every time...".

The woman who won the bidding at the auction decided to go through with the purchase. The partially shredded work has been given a new title, Love is in the Bin, and it was authenticated by Banksy's authentication body Pest Control. Sotheby released a statement that said "Banksy didn't destroy an artwork in the auction, he created one," and called it "the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction." On 14 October 2021, the half-shredded painting was reported to have been sold for $25.4 million.

Season's Greetings was created by Banksy in Port Talbot, Wales, in December 2018, and was quickly provided with a temporary protective covering to prevent vandalism.

A two-sided graffiti piece, one side depicting a child tasting the falling snow, the other revealing that the snow is in fact smoke and embers from a dumpster fire, appeared on two walls of a steelworker's garage in Port Talbot in December. Banksy then revealed that the painting was in fact his via an Instagram video soundtracked by the festive children's song 'Little Snowflake'. Many fans of the artist went to see the painting and Plaid Cymru councillor for Aberavon, Nigel Thomas Hunt, stated that the town was "buzzing" with speculation that the work was Banksy's. The owner of the garage, Ian Lewis, said that he had lost sleep over fears that the image would be vandalised. A plastic screen, partially funded by Michael Sheen, was installed to protect the mural, but was attacked by a "drunk halfwit". Extra security guards were subsequently drafted to protect the graffiti piece. In May 2019, the mural was moved to a gallery in the town's Ty'r Orsaf building.

In early October 2019, Banksy opened a "pop-up shop" named Gross Domestic Product in Croydon, South London to strengthen his position in a trademark dispute with a greetings cards company who had challenged his trademark on the grounds that he was not using it. In a statement, Banksy said "A greetings cards company is contesting the trademark I hold to my art, and attempting to take custody of my name so they can sell their fake Banksy merchandise legally." Mark Stephens, arts lawyer and founder of the Design and Artists Copyright Society, called the case a "ludicrous litigation" and is providing the artist legal advice. Stephens recommended opening the shop to Banksy on the grounds that it would show he is making use of his trademark, saying: "Because [Banksy] doesn't produce his own range of shoddy merchandise and the law is quite clear-if the trademark holder is not using the mark, then it can be transferred to someone who will." On 4 October, greetings cards distributor Full Colour Black publicly revealed itself as the company involved in the trademark dispute whilst rejecting Banksy's claims as "entirely untrue". The company claimed it had contacted Banksy's lawyers several times to offer to pay royalties.

On 14 September 2020, the European Union Intellectual Property Office ruled in favour of Full Colour Black in the trademark dispute over Banksy's infamous "Flower Thrower". The European panel judges in (Full Colour Black Ltd v Pest Control Office Ltd [2020] E.T.M.R. 58) decided that Banksy's trademark was invalid as it had been filed in Bad Faith according to Regulation 2017/1001 art.59(1)(b). The judges were not convinced that the opening of the artist's "pop-up shop" demonstrated a real intention to legitimise the trademark, condemning it as "inconsistent with the honest practices of the trade" [at 1141]. The artist's choice to be represented anonymously was not received well by the court either, noting that even if they found in favour of Banksy, legal rights could not be attributed to an unidentifiable person [1151]. However, counsel for the defence strongly argued that to reveal his identity would diminish the persona of the artist [at 1135]. Although not binding, the judges also referenced Banksy's previously critical statements about copyright, which contributed to the lack of sympathy for the artist's case [at 1144].

In October 2019, a 2009 painting by Banksy entitled Devolved Parliament showing Members of Parliament depicted as chimpanzees in the House of Commons, sold at Sotheby's in London for just under £9.9 million. On Instagram, the artist said it was a "record price for a Banksy painting" and "shame I didn't still own it". At 13 feet (4.0 m) wide it is Banksy's biggest known work on canvas. The auction house stated: "Regardless of where you sit in the Brexit debate, there's no doubt that this work is more pertinent now than it has ever been."

On 13 February 2020, the Valentine's Banksy mural appeared on the side of a building in Bristol's Barton Hill neighbourhood, depicting a young girl firing a slingshot of real red flowers and leaves. In the early hours of Valentine's Day (14 February), Banksy confirmed this was his work on his Instagram account and website. The painting was defaced just days after appearing. Banksy dedicated a painting titled Painting for Saints or Game Changer to NHS staff, and donated it to the University Hospital of Southampton during the global coronavirus pandemic in May 2020. The painting was sold for £14.4m (£16.8m including buyer premium) on 23 March 2021, which is a record for an artwork by Banksy. The proceeds from the sale would benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.

In March 2021, the image of an escaping prisoner appeared overnight on the side of Reading Prison. Two days later Banksy claimed the artwork. The former jail's next use had been disputed locally, some wanting it to be used as an arts hub, while developers proposed it could be sold to a housing developer. The escaping prisoner was said to resemble Oscar Wilde, who had been imprisoned in Reading Prison, with the "rope" as tied together bedsheets with a typewriter attached to the end.

In August 2021, several Banksy artworks, collectively titled A Great British Spraycation, appeared in several East Anglian towns. Banksy created an original artwork for the 2021 BBC One/ Amazon Prime Video comedy The Outlaws. The image of a stencilled rat sitting on two spray cans signed by Banksy featured in the sixth episode of the first series, and was painted over by the character Frank, played by Christopher Walken, while he was cleaning a graffiti-covered wall as part of his Community Payback sentence.

Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square), Kyiv

A mural on the wall of a bombed building in Irpin, Ukraine

In November 2022, Banksy posted on social media images of a mural on the side of a damaged building at the town of Borodianka, appearing to confirm a visit to Ukraine following the Russian invasion. He also created six murals in Kyiv, Irpin, Hostomel and Horenka. One of the images he produced in Borodianka was of Russian president Vladimir Putin in a judo throw. The image has since been turned into a stamp in Ukraine.

Banksy was accused of being "inconsistent with honest practices" when trying to trademark his image of a protester throwing a bouquet of flowers. The European Union trademark office threw out his trademark claim, "saying he had filed it in order to avoid using copyright laws, which are separate and would have required [him] to reveal his true identity. The ruling quoted from one of his books, in which he said 'copyright is for losers'."

Other notable artworks

Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high-profile artworks, including the following:

At London Zoo, he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in 7-foot-high (2.1 m) letters.[192]

At London Zoo, he left the message "I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring." in the elephant enclosure.[193]

In 2004, he placed the piece Banksus Militus Ratus into London's Natural History Museum.[194]

In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the Museum of Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and American Museum of Natural History in Manhattan as well as the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn.[195]

In May 2005 Banksy's version of a primitive cave painting depicting a human figure hunting wildlife while pushing a shopping trolley was hung in gallery 49 of the British Museum, London.[196]

In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the Israeli West Bank barrier, including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.[55][197][198]

In October 2005, Banksy designed six station IDs for Nickelodeon.[199]

In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a side street in Soho, London. It was later removed by Westminster Council.[200]

In June 2006, Banksy created Well Hung Lover, an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central Bristol. The image sparked "a heated debate",[201] with the Bristol City Council leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.[202] After an internet discussion in which 97% of the 500 people surveyed supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.[201] The mural was later defaced with blue paint.[203]

In August/September 2006, Banksy placed up to 500 copies of Paris Hilton's debut CD, Paris, in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by Danger Mouse. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why Am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as eBay. The cover art depicted Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with her chihuahua Tinkerbell's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up."[204][205][206]

In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a Guantanamo Bay detainment camp prisoner (orange jumpsuit, black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad ride at the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California.[207][208]

He makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and was responsible for the cover art of Blur's 2003 album Think Tank.

In September 2007, Banksy covered a wall in Portobello Road with a French artist painting graffiti of Banksy's name.[209]

A guard/police officer with a balloon animal was painted in the Canadian city of Toronto in 2010, and has since been removed from its original location and preserved.[210]

In July 2012, in the run up to the London 2012 Olympic games he created several pieces based upon this event. One included an image of an athlete throwing a missile instead of a javelin, evidently taking a poke at the surface to air missile sites positioned in the Stratford area to defend the games.[211][212]

In April 2014, he created a piece in Cheltenham, near the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) headquarters, which depicts three men wearing sunglasses and using listening devices to "snoop" on a telephone box, evidently criticising the recent Global surveillance disclosures of 2013. This was only confirmed by Banksy as his work later in June 2014.[213] This piece 'disappeared' on 20 August 2016 during renovations to the building it was on, and may have been destroyed.[214]

In June 2016, a 14 ft painting of a child with a stick chasing a burning tyre was found in the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol with a letter from Banksy thanking the school for naming one of its houses after him. BBC News reported that a spokesman for Banksy confirmed that the artwork was genuine. In the letter, Banksy wrote that if the members of the school did not like the painting, they should add their own elements.[215][216]

In May 2017, Banksy claimed the authorship of a giant Brexit mural, painted on a house in Dover (Kent)[217]

Banksy's Dream Boat, originally made for the Dismaland exhibition, was donated to the NGO Help Refugees (now called Choose Love) to help raise funds for the charity. The artwork was displayed in Help Refugees' London Choose Love pop-up shop in the run-up to Christmas 2018, and members of the public could pay £2.00 to enter a competition to guess the weight of the piece. The person with the closest guess would win Dream Boat.[218] The 'guess-the-weight' competition was seen as 'deliberately school fair' in style.[219]

The Girl with the Pierced Eardrum

Damaged artwork

Many artworks by Banksy have been vandalised, painted over or destroyed.

In 2008, in Melbourne, paint was poured over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trench coat. In April 2010, the Melbourne City Council reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over a rat descending in a parachute adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre.

Many works that make up the Better Out Than In series in New York City have been defaced, some just hours after the piece was unveiled. At least one defacement was identified as done by a competing artist, OMAR NYC, who spray-painted over Banksy's red mylar balloon piece in Red Hook. OMAR NYC also defaced some of Banksy's work in May 2010.

ATM attacking a girl, Rosebery Avenue, London, January 2008

Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in the stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photographic quality of much of his work. He mentions in his book Wall and Piece that as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always either caught or could never finish the art in one sitting. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number. He then devised a series of intricate stencils to minimise time and overlapping of the colour.

There exists a debate about the influence behind his work. Some critics claim Banksy was influenced by musician and graffiti artist 3D. Another source credits the artist's work to resemble that of French graffiti artist Blek le Rat. It is said that Banksy was inspired by their use of stencils, later taking this visual style and transforming it through modern political and social pieces.

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In the broader art world, stencils are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. This technique allows artists to paint quickly to protect their anonymity. There is dispute in the street art world over the legitimacy of stencils, with many artists criticising their use as "cheating".

In 2018, Banksy created a piece live, as it was being auctioned. The piece, titled, Love is in the Bin, was originally the painting, Girl with Balloon, before it was shredded at Sotheby's. While the bidding was going on, a shredder was activated from within the frame, and the piece was partially shredded, thus creating a new piece.

Political and social themes

Shop Until You Drop in Mayfair, London. Banksy has said "We can't do anything to change the world until capitalism crumbles. In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves."[227]

Banksy once characterised graffiti as a form of underclass "revenge", or guerrilla warfare that allows an individual to snatch away power, territory and glory from a bigger and better equipped enemy. Banksy sees a social class component to this struggle, remarking "If you don't own a train company then you go and paint on one instead." Banksy's work has also shown a desire to mock centralised power, hoping that their work will show the public that although power does exist and works against you, that power is not terribly efficient and it can and should be deceived.

Banksy's works have dealt with various political and social themes, including anti-war, anti-consumerism, anti-fascism, anti-imperialism, anti-authoritarianism, anarchism, nihilism, and existentialism. Additionally, the components of the human condition that his works commonly critique are greed, poverty, hypocrisy, boredom, despair, absurdity, and alienation. Although Banksy's works usually rely on visual imagery and iconography to put forth their message, Banksy has made several politically related comments in various books. In summarising his list of "people who should be shot", he listed "Fascist thugs, religious fundamentalists, (and) people who write lists telling you who should be shot." While facetiously describing his political nature, Banksy declared that "Sometimes I feel so sick at the state of the world, I can't even finish my second apple pie."

Banksy's work has also critiqued the environmental impacts of big businesses. When speaking about his 2005 work Show me the Monet, Banksy explained:

"The vandalised paintings reflect life as it is now. We don't live in a world like Constable's Haywain anymore and, if you do, there is probably a travellers' camp on the other side of the hill. The real damage done to our environment is not done by graffiti writers and drunken teenagers, but by big business... exactly the people who put gold-framed pictures of landscapes on their walls and try to tell the rest of us how to behave."

Show me the Monet repurposes Claude Monet's Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies, with the inclusion of two shopping carts and an orange traffic cone. This painting was later sold for £7.5 million at Sotheby's Contemporary Evening Auction in 2020.

During the 2017 United Kingdom general election, Banksy offered voters a free print if they cast a ballot against the Conservative candidates standing in the Bristol North West, Bristol West, North Somerset, Thornbury, Kingswood and Filton constituencies. According to a note posted on Banksy's website, an emailed photo of a completed ballot paper showing it marked for a candidate other than the Conservative candidate would result in the voter being mailed a limited edition piece of Banksy art. On 5 June 2017 the Avon and Somerset Constabulary announced it had opened an investigation into Banksy for the suspected corrupt practice of bribery, and the following day Banksy withdrew the offer stating "I have been warned by the Electoral Commission that the free print offer will invalidate the election result. So I regret to announce that this ill-conceived and legally dubious promotion has now been cancelled."

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Banksy referenced medical advice to self-isolate by creating an artwork in his bathroom.

Philanthropy and activism

Banksy has donated a number of works to promote various causes, such as Civilian Drone Strike, which was sold in 2017 at £205,000 to raise funds for Campaign Against Arms Trade and Reprieve. It was part of the exhibition "Art the Arms Fair" set up in opposition to the DSEI arms fair. In 2018, a sculpture titled Dream Boat, which was exhibited in Dismaland in 2015, was raffled off in aid of the NGO Help Refugees (now called Choose Love) for a minimum donation of £2 for every guesses of its weight in a pop-up Choose Love shop in Carnaby Street. In 2002, he produced artwork for the Greenpeace campaign Save or Delete. He also provided works to support local causes; in 2013, a work titled The Banality of the Banality of Evil was sold for an undisclosed amount after a failed auction to support an anti-homelessness charity in New York, In 2014, an artwork on a doorway titled Mobile Lovers was sold £403,000 to keep a youth club in Bristol open, and he created merchandise for homeless charities in Bristol in 2019.

Banksy has been producing a number of works and projects in support of the Palestinians since the mid-2000s, including The Walled Off Hotel in Bethlehem. In July 2020, Banksy sold three paintings forming a triptych titled Mediterranean Sea View 2017, which raised £2.2 million for a hospital in Bethlehem. The paintings were original created for The Walled Off Hotel, and are Romantic-era paintings of the seashore that have been modified with images of lifebuoys and orange life jackets washed up on the shore, a reference to the European migrant crisis.

Banksy gifted a painting titled Game Changer to a hospital in May 2020 as a tribute to National Health Service workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was later sold for £14.4m in March 2021 to benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.

In August 2020, it was revealed that Banksy had privately funded a rescue boat to save refugees at risk in the Mediterranean Sea. The former French Navy boat, renamed after Louise Michel, has been painted pink with an image of a young girl holding a heart-shaped safety float.

Banksy has published several books that contain photographs of his work accompanied by his own writings:

Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall, Existencilism, and Cut It Out were a three-part self-published series of small booklets.

Pictures of Walls is a compilation book of pictures of the work of other graffiti artists, curated and self-published by Banksy. None of them are still in print, or were ever printed in any significant number.

Banksy's Wall and Piece compiled large parts of the images and writings in his original three-book series, with heavy editing and some new material. It was intended for mass print, and published by Random House.

The writings in his original three books had numerous grammatical errors, and his writings in them often took a dark, and angry, and a (self-described) paranoid tone. While the content in them was almost entirely kept in Wall and Piece, the stories were edited and generally took a less provocative tone, and the grammatical errors were resolved (presumably to make it suitable for mass market distribution).

References

Further reading

External links

Official websites:

Slideshows and galleries:

News items

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Banksy is a pseudonymous England-based street artist, political activist and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. Active since the 1990s, his satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in a distinctive stenciling technique.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Yellow Flower, Pollard Street (Londres) en 2007.

Banksy est un artiste d' art urbain qui travaille sous pseudonyme. Son véritable nom et son identité exacte sont inconnus et font toujours l'objet de spéculations. Apparemment britannique et actif depuis les années 1990, il utilise la peinture au pochoir pour faire passer ses messages, qui mêlent souvent politique, humour et poésie. Ses œuvres sont des images humoristiques, parfois combinées à des slogans. Le message est généralement anarchiste, antimilitariste, anticapitaliste ou antisystème et ses personnages sont souvent des rats, des singes, des policiers, des soldats, des enfants, des personnes célèbres ou des personnes âgées.

Identité contestée

Banksy travaille sous un pseudonyme, et sa véritable identité fait l'objet de nombreuses spéculations.

Dans une interview de 2003 de " blanc, 28 ans, débraillé décontracté - jeans, T-shirt, une dent d'argent, chaîne en argent et boucle d'oreille en argent. Il ressemble à un croisement entre The Guardian, l'artiste est décrit comme Jimmy Nail et Mike Skinner de The Streets ".

Selon les principales hypothèses, Banksy pourrait être :

Robin Gunningham, né le 28 juillet 1973 à Yate, un graffeur de Bristol. Il a été le colocataire d'artistes ayant travaillé avec Banksy, puis a déménagé à Londres en 2000, époque où vont apparaître dans la capitale anglaise de nombreuses œuvres de Banksy. En 2016, une étude affirme que l'apparition des travaux de Banksy serait liée aux déplacements connus de Gunningham,.

Robert Del Naja (alias 3D), leader du groupe de trip hop Massive Attack. Del Naja a été un artiste graffiti dans les années 1980, et il est connu comme étant ami de longue date de Banksy. En juin 2017, au cours d'une interview, DJ Goldie a appelé Banksy " Rob ".

Jamie Hewlett, artiste et dessinateur de bandes dessinées anglais, surtout connu pour la bande dessinée et le groupe virtuel Gorillaz.

Il a commencé comme artiste à l'âge de quatorze ans, a été expulsé de l'école et a purgé une peine de prison pour des délits mineurs.

Pendant dix ans à la fin des années 1990, Banksy a vécu à Easton, Bristol, puis a déménagé à Londres vers 2000.

Étant plus jeune, Banksy fait partie du groupe de graffeurs, le Bristol's DryBreadZ Crew (DbZ). Il aurait été influencé par la scène underground de Bristol et par ses relations entre artistes et musiciens, cette ville ayant donné naissance au mouvement trip hop. C'est à cet endroit que Banksy réalisa ses premières œuvres.

Il se forge une certaine notoriété dans les milieux alternatifs et les médias traditionnels s'intéressent aussi à lui. Il participe au festival de graffitis Walls on Fire, en 1998, dans le quartier portuaire de Bristol. En 1999, il crée la fresque The Mild Mild West.

En 2003, Banksy réalise la pochette du disque de Blur, .

En 2004, il fait imprimer des faux billets de 10 livres. Il remplace l'effigie de la reine d'Angleterre par celle de Lady Diana et change la mention " Bank of England " en " Banksy of England ". Il en disperse la plupart lors du carnaval à Notting Hill.

En 2007 lors de son exposition Crude Oils, il détourne des tableaux de Claude Monet ou de Vincent van Gogh et à cette occasion, il libère deux cents rats.

Banksy a fondé le projet " Santa's Ghetto " en réalisant des peintures sur le mur de Bethléem et aux abords du camp d'Aida afin de " redonner espoir aux habitants palestiniens ". En 2005, avec l'aide d'autres artistes, comme l'Américain Ron English, le mur de séparation devient peu à peu une toile artistique géante, comme avec l'image de la petite Vietnamienne brûlée au napalm qui tient par l'avant-bras Mickey Mouse et Ronald McDonald. Concernant ce projet, Banksy raconte dans son livre Wall & Piece, qu'un jour, alors qu'il peignait sur le mur de séparation, un habitant est venu lui dire : " Vous embellissez le mur. " Banksy, flatté : " Merci, c'est gentil ", fut aussitôt coupé par le vieil homme : " On ne veut pas que ce mur soit beau, on ne veut pas de ce mur, rentrez chez vous. ".

En mars 2005, il place des œuvres factices ou subversives au MoMA, au Met, au Brooklyn Museum, au musée américain d'histoire naturelle de New York, ainsi qu'à la Tate Britain ou au British Museum, qui, lorsque la supercherie est découverte (un faux artefact représentant au fusain un homme préhistorique poussant un chariot de supermarché en chassant des animaux), décide d'inclure l'objet dans sa collection permanente.

Au mois d'août de la même année, Banksy peint neuf images sur la barrière de séparation israélienne, dont l'image d'une échelle qui atteint le haut du mur, et une représentant des enfants creusant un trou pour atteindre l'autre côté. Durant cette période, Banksy réalise certains dessins au pochoir sur la barrière de séparation israélienne.

Près de Qalandia - 2005.

Beach Boys. Près de Bethléem - 2005.

Université al-Qods, Jérusalem - 2005.

En avril 2006, il crée une sculpture représentant une cabine téléphonique rouge. Cette cabine, cabossée et fendue par une pioche, et qui semble saigner, est placée dans une rue de Soho. Elle est rapidement enlevée par les autorités.

La même année, au mois de septembre, il place une poupée gonflable en taille réelle à Disneyland (Californie), qui porte un uniforme orange comme ceux du camp de Guantánamo, au milieu du décor du parcours des montagnes russes. La sécurité de Disneyland bloque le train, interpelle un complice ( Mr Brainwash) qui le filme, puis le libère faute de preuve. Il réussit ainsi à sortir avec la vidéo de la performance.

À la même période, Banksy " pirate " la sortie du disque de Paris Hilton avec environ cinq cents disques achetés en magasin. Le disque est remixé par Danger Mouse, la pochette et les photos sont modifiées par Banksy, et les copies remises discrètement en rayon, avec code barres d'origine, dans différents magasins britanniques. Les titres de chansons modifiées étaient, par exemple, Why am I famous ? (" Pourquoi suis-je célèbre ? ") ou What have I done ? (" Qu'ai-je fait ? "). La pochette avec les photos de la star retouchées est estampillée de slogans comme : " 90% of success is just showing up " (" 90 % du succès, c'est juste de se montrer ").

En 2009, le pochoir No Ball Games est exécuté à Londres, en 2013, arraché du mur il est destiné à être vendu aux enchères par le Sincura Group. Le pochoir Slave Labour exécuté à Londres en 2012 est arraché en 2013 par son propriétaire et également destiné à être vendu aux enchères. De nombreux pochoirs de Banksy se retrouvent sur les murs des villes britanniques comme Bristol ou Londres, et certains étant menacés de destruction ou d'être recouverts par de la peinture voient des pétitions se créer pour défendre les créations de Banksy,.

Au cours de l'été 2009, une importante exposition lui a été consacrée au musée de Bristol, en Angleterre, avec plus de cent œuvres, et aura accueilli plus de 300 000 visiteurs pendant douze semaines.

En 2010 sort le film Faites le mur ! ( Exit Through the Gift Shop), réalisé par Banksy et présenté au Festival du film de Sundance, ainsi qu'à la Berlinale. Il fut d'ailleurs nommé grâce à celui-ci pour l' Oscar du meilleur film documentaire en janvier 2011. Le film présente des artistes comme Invader et Shepard Fairey, tous supposément filmés par Thierry Guetta, qui tente lui aussi de devenir un artiste urbain. Il s'attaque aux studios de la Fox, en détournant le générique des .

En 2011, juste après les émeutes qui ont secoué le Royaume-Uni, il diffuse sur Channel 4 un documentaire sur la désobéissance civile intitulé The Antics Roadshow.

À partir du , il réalise des œuvres à New York, mêlant graffitis et installations dans des camions. Il intitule cette prestation Better out than in. Son premier graffiti est rapidement vandalisé. Il est aussi, à cette occasion, pisté par les fans. L'un d'eux dépose un pisteur dans un des camions qu'il a décorés, tandis qu'un autre diffuse une photo d'une personne qui serait Banksy prise alors qu'un de ses camions était tombé en panne.

En 2013, dans le cadre de son exposition Better Out Than In (" Mieux vaut dehors que dedans "), Banksy installe incognito un stand éphémère sur le trottoir de Central Park pour y vendre certaines de ses œuvres à 60 $ pièce. Durant cette journée il vend sept œuvres pour un total de 420 $ ; celles-ci sont estimées à 160 000 $ l'unité.

En 2014, une de ses œuvres représentant un groupe de pigeons adressant à une hirondelle des pancartes " Les migrants ne sont pas les bienvenus ", " Retourne en Afrique " et " Laissez-nous nos vers de terre " sur un mur de la ville de Clacton-on-Sea est effacée par la mairie car jugée " offensante et raciste ", les responsables de la mairie ayant expliqué qu'ils ne savaient pas qu'il s'agissait d'une œuvre de Banksy et que l'aspect satirique de l'œuvre leur avait échappé.

Début 2015, Banksy se rend à Gaza, en Territoire palestinien, de manière clandestine en empruntant un réseau de tunnels souterrains. Sur place, il réalise plusieurs graffitis qui dénoncent la destruction de la ville et la vie quotidienne qui en résulte, et tourne une vidéo de deux minutes postée sur sa chaîne YouTube.

En août 2015, il ouvre son parc d'attractions Dismaland à Weston-super-Mare, sombre parodie de Disneyland qui s'avère être une exposition gigantesque réunissant des œuvres de Banksy ainsi que d'une cinquantaine d'artistes. Le , le parc ferme ses portes au public avec un dernier concert après cinq semaines d'ouverture. L'artiste a fait savoir que le bois utilisé pour la construction du parc serait récupéré et envoyé à Calais afin d'être utilisé pour construire des abris pour les réfugiés.

À la fin de l'année 2015, Banksy poursuit son engagement à Calais en y réalisant plusieurs œuvres sur la crise des migrants. Un portrait de Steve Jobs défraye notamment la chronique : en représentant le créateur d'Apple portant un ordinateur et un baluchon, Banksy rappelle que celui-ci est le fils d'un immigré Syrien, arrivé aux États-Unis dans les années 1950. L'artiste réalise par ailleurs deux autres fresques. Sur l'une d'elles, un jeune garçon regarde au loin à travers une longue vue, sur laquelle s'est posé un vautour. À ses pieds, une valise symbolise le long voyage que doivent effectuer les migrants avant de tenter d'atteindre le Royaume-Uni. Une troisième fresque emploie l'image du célèbre tableau Le Radeau de La Méduse de Théodore Géricault, les naufragés faisant cette fois appel à un yacht passant au loin.

Au début du mois de mars 2017, une nouvelle installation financée et réalisée par Banksy est ouverte : le Walled Off Hotel, hôtel 3 étoiles avec vue sur le mur de séparation à Bethléem, où sont entreposées, peintes des œuvres de l'artiste. Sont disponibles dans cet hôtel quatre types de chambres : les " Artist ", remplies d'œuvres d'art, les " Scenic ", avec vue sur le mur, les " Budget ", disposant du prix le moins élevé et équipées de matériel issu de baraquements de l'armée israélienne ainsi que la suite dite "présidentielle", la plus chère et la plus luxueuse. Il précise que les fonds récoltés sont réinjectés dans des projets locaux. Un piano bar aux couleurs d'une Angleterre coloniale, une galerie où sont exposées les œuvres de célèbres artistes palestiniens, un musée retraçant l'histoire du conflit israélo-palestinien mais aussi une librairie peuvent être visités dans cet hôtel.

Girl with Balloon, pochoir fait sur le Waterloo Bridge à South Bank (Londres), datant de 2002 (photographié en 2004).

En mai de la même année, il revendique la paternité du grand Brexit, peinture ornant la façade aveugle d'une maison de Douvres. Elle illustre un ouvrier supprimant une étoile du drapeau européen, ce qui y provoque des lézardes.

Lors de la journée mondiale des réfugiés, le 20 juin 2018, il commence à réaliser une série d'œuvres à Paris dénonçant la politique du gouvernement français sur la question des migrants, le capitalisme ou encore en rendant hommage aux victimes du Bataclan : La Jeune fille triste. Il revendique plusieurs œuvres sur Instagram, indiquant en description : " 50 ans après les événements de mai 1968 à Paris. Là où est né l'art du pochoir moderne ". Pour stopper les dégradations importantes que subissent les installations, des plaques de plexiglas sont installées par des galeristes. Mais plusieurs des œuvres parisiennes sont volées : l'hommage peint sur la porte du Bataclan (finalement retrouvé en Italie et rendu à la France le 14 juillet 2020), puis le rat peint en 2018 au verso d'un panneau signalant l'entrée du parking du Centre Georges-Pompidou.

Le , Banksy diffuse sur les réseaux sociaux deux images de son œuvre en hommage à George Floyd, l' afro-américain mort en mai 2020 lors de son interpellation par plusieurs policiers. Sur la première, on voit une silhouette noire entourée de fleurs et de bougies, dont l'une est allumée. La deuxième image montre toujours la même œuvre mais en plan large et on aperçoit que la bougie allumée commence à brûler le drapeau des États-Unis.

Le 14 juillet 2020, une des œuvres de Banksy, La Porte, volée en 2019 et retrouvée en Italie, est restituée à la France. Cette " jeune fille à l'air triste " avait été réalisée par l'artiste en mémoire de l'attentat de novembre 2015 au Bataclan, salle de spectacle parisienne.

En août de la même année, Banksy finance le Louise Michel, un navire de sauvetage en Méditerranée affrété en Espagne et dont Pia Klemp prend le commandement. Il s'agit d'une ancienne vedette de surveillance de la douane française, où elle était nommée Suroît (DF 42), autrefois peinte en gris et actuellement en blanc et rose. L'information n'est publiée par The Guardian qu'après un premier sauvetage de 89 personnes. Le navire demande un port de débarquement après un deuxième sauvetage qui fait monter à 219 le nombre de réfugiés à bord.

En mars 2021, Banksy vend une de ses œuvres aux enchères pour soutenir les équipes soignantes britanniques à travers la pandémie de Covid-19. Intitulée Game Changer, elle représente un petit garçon jouant avec une poupée infirmière.

Une exposition autorisée par Banksy lui-même se tient du 25 mars au 22 mai 2021 à Bruxelles ( Belgique) à l'occasion de l'inauguration d'une nouvelle galerie d'art, Deodato Art. Certifiée Pest Control - unique autorité d'authentification reconnue par Banksy -, la collection contient certaines des œuvres les plus célèbres de l'artiste, notamment Queen Mary, le triptyque Flower Thrower, Napalm et Love Rat, qui représente l'auteur.

Il est décoré avec des reproductions de ses installations et graffitis les plus connus et est une réplique de l'hôtel jouxtant le mur de séparation construit par Israël à Bethléem, en Cisjordanie,.

Banksy réapparait en août 2021, en réalisant des œuvres en plusieurs endroits de la côte anglaise, dans le Norfolk et le Suffolk. Alors que la rumeur court dans ces régions, à travers les badauds convaincus qu'il s'agit de Banksy, ce dernier poste le 13 août 2021 sur Instagram une vidéo intitulée " A Great British Spraycation ", où on le voit se déplacer dans son camping-car en différents endroits de la côte d' East-Anglia et réaliser ses pochoirs. Cette vidéo dépasse le million de vues en moins de deux heures.

En décembre 2022, Banksy réalise sept œuvres en Ukraine, alors en guerre contre la Russie, dans les villes de Kiev, Borodianka et Irpin, Elles se trouvent essentiellement sur des bâtiments dévastés par les bombardements. Le 24 février 2023, pour le premier anniversaire du conflit russo-ukrainien, la poste ukrainienne édite un timbre d'après un des pochoirs de Banksy. Il figure un jeune garçon en habit de judoka, mettant au tapis un homme ressemblant à Vladimir Poutine. Ce dernier est en effet connu pour pratiquer cet art martial.

Kissing Policemen, Brighton (2005).

ATM attacking a girl, Rosebery Avenue, Londres (2008).

Au zoo de Londres, Banksy entra dans l'enclos des manchots et y peint en lettres de deux mètres de haut " We're Bored of Fish " (" On en a assez du poisson ").

Il s'introduit également dans l'enclos des éléphants du zoo de Bristol et laisse le message " I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring. " (" Je veux sortir de là. Il fait trop froid ici. Le gardien sent mauvais. Je m'ennuie, je m'ennuie, je m'ennuie. ")

En 2023 à la suite de la reproduction et de l'utilisation des graphismes de l'artiste sans son autorisation (puisqu'il est anonyme) par une entreprise anglaise spécialisée dans les produits dérivées, Banksy lance un appel sur les réseaux sociaux :

" Alerte à tous les voleurs à l'étalage. Merci d'aller à la boutique Guess de Regent Street. Puisqu'ils se sont servis de mes créations sans demander, comment pourrait-il être injuste que vous en fassiez de même avec leurs vêtements ? ".

L'entreprise décide alors de déposer une plainte en diffamation, ce qui devrait obliger l'artiste à révéler son identité pour se défendre,.

Les œuvres de Banksy sont, pour la plupart de ses peintures, effectuées avec des pochoirs. Dans son livre Wall and Piece, Banksy explique cette décision : il travaillait lentement lors de ses débuts, et se faisait souvent prendre en flagrant délit. Les pochoirs permettent de travailler beaucoup plus rapidement sur les lieux, car une partie du travail peut être effectuée à l'avance.

Il effectue également de nombreuses installations très variées.

Selon des spéculations fondées sur des images prises par des caméras de vidéosurveillance ; il serait originaire des environs de Stoke-on-Trent au Royaume-Uni, il serait né en 1973 ou 1974 et se nommerait Robert Banks, ou encore Robin Gunningham. Son identité aurait été découverte en 2016 grâce à une méthode scientifique,.

Le 23 juin 2017, le DJ Goldie aurait révélé accidentellement l'identité de Banksy lors d'une interview donnant le prénom de l'artiste, Robert, les médias et les fans de l'artiste concluant qu'il s'agirait de Robert Del Naja, un membre de Massive Attack. Cette théorie est alimentée par le rapprochement effectué par le journaliste Craig Williams entre les emplacements et dates de création des œuvres et les dates de tournée du groupe de musique. Le leader de Massive Attack réfute cette théorie mais révèle qu'ils sont amis.

Le succès de Banksy dans le monde entier et son anonymat accentuent le nombre d'imitations et posent de nombreux problèmes concernant l'authentification de certaines œuvres, notamment lorsqu'elles ne sont pas signées. Pour y remédier, Banksy utilise différents canaux pour authentifier ses œuvres. Depuis 2009, la société Pest Control, liée à Banksy, est la seule à reconnaître ou non ses œuvres pour éviter les fraudes. Il utilise également son compte Instagram et parfois son site internet pour revendiquer ses pochoirs.

Ventes aux enchères

Keep it Spotless, 214 × 305 cm, vendu 1 230 000 € chez Sotheby's à New York, le 14 février 2008

The Rude Lord, une peinture détournée, vendue 463 000 € chez Sotheby's à Londres le 12 octobre 2007

Le , lors d'une vente aux enchères organisée chez 1 042 000 L'artiste a commenté cette action sur Instagram par " Sotheby's à Londres, une version sur papier peinte à la bombe et à l'acrylique de l'œuvre Girl with Balloon (There is always hope), parue pour la première fois sur un mur de Londres en 2002, s'est presque entièrement autodétruite, au moyen d'un destructeur de documents dissimulé dans le cadre, immédiatement après avoir été adjugée livres sterling (1 200 000 euros). Going, going, gone... ", soit " Adjugée, adjugée, disparue... ". Banksy a souvent critiqué l'establishment et le marché de l'art pour leur récupération,. Il affirme que Sotheby's n'était pas au courant que le cadre contenait ce mécanisme. Dans une vidéo intitulée Shred the Love publiée sur son site Internet, il a expliqué la conception de cette action et a montré que, durant les essais préparatoires, l'œuvre s'était totalement autodétruite.

Le 3 octobre 2019, la toile Devolved Parliament représentant le Parlement britannique peuplé de singes est adjugée 9,9 millions de livres sterling (11,1 millions d'euros) à Londres, record pour l'artiste.

Le 26 juillet 2020, un triptyque sur la crise migratoire est vendu 2,4 millions d'euros. Cette somme doit aller à un hôpital pour enfant à Bethléem.

Le 21 octobre 2020, le tableau Show me the Monet, issu de la série des Crude Oils (" Peintures à l'huile vulgaires ") est vendu à Londres par la maison Sotheby's, pour 7,7 millions de livres sterling. Ce tableau est ainsi en seconde position des ventes les plus élevées de Banksy.

Le 4 mars 2021, l'œuvre Morons de Banksy est brulée pour en faire un NFT. Elle est par la suite vendue aux enchères, estimée à 100 000 $ ; l'œuvre n'a pour l'instant recolté qu'une enchère à 2 eth (ethereums) soit environ 5 000 €.

Le 14 octobre 2021, son œuvre La Petite Fille au ballon, qui s'était partiellement auto-détruite grâce un broyeur à papier caché dans son cadre lors d'une vente aux enchères le 5 octobre 2018, est remise en vente par son acheteuse. Les enchères atteignent cette fois 21,8 millions d'euros, ce qui constitue un record pour Banksy.

Banksy a auto-édité plusieurs livres. Ces livres, qu'il commente, recueillent ses œuvres, expositions et peintures :

Autres :

Notes et références

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

(en) Gary Shove et Patrick Potter, Banksy : you are an acceptable level of threat and if you were not, you would know about it, Carpet Bombing Culture, , 228 p.

Joe Public et Patrick Potter, Banksy : vous représentez un niveau de menace acceptable et vous le sauriez si ce n'était pas le cas, Paris, Alternatives, , 238 p.

Denis Saint-Amand, " Le mur et le masque. À propos de Banksy ", dans MethIS. Méthodes et interdisciplinarité en sciences humaines (en ligne), 2016

Mélissa Chemam, En dehors de la zone de confort - De Massive Attack à Banksy, éditions Anne Carrière, 2016 (présentation)

Roman pour adolescents autour de Banksy ; présentation : Élise Fontenaille, Banksy et moi, coll. " DoAdo ", Rouergue, 2014 article et émission de radio L'attrape-livre, France Inter, du 13 mai 2014.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Banksy est un artiste d' art urbain qui travaille sous pseudonyme. Son véritable nom et son identité exacte sont inconnus et font toujours l'objet de spéculations. Apparemment britannique et actif depuis les années 1990, il utilise la peinture au pochoir pour faire passer ses messages, qui mêlent souvent politique, humour et poésie.

# data[].attributes.body
Préparer l'exposé d'une œuvre de Banksy de votre choix pour mai.

Consulter les critères d'évaluation, la fiche méthodologique et le cours sur Banksy.

L'oeuvre choisie doit être envoyée sur Padlet.(n'oubliez pas de mentionner votre nom)

# data[].attributes.body
Student's sheet

# data[].attributes.body
Cours

# data[].attributes.headline
.    Correction                       Très peu de fautes. Une analyse complète et organisée. Manque juste le point de vue personnel. Il faudra bien gérer les notes au tableau (écrire les mots difficiles pour bien que la classe comprenne en détail l'exposé. 

# data[].attributes.subject
.    Correction                       Très peu de fautes. Une analyse complète et organisée. Manque juste le point de vue personnel. Il faudra bien gérer les notes au tableau (écrire les mots difficiles pour bien que la classe comprenne en détail l'exposé. 

# data[].attributes.body
Oral : pas de correction possible n'ayant pas l'audio.