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http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history
http://www.historynet.com/civil-war
http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/reconstruction

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The Republican candidate was Rutherford B. Hayes, and the democratic candidate was Samuel J. Tilden.  Tilden won the popular vote, but Hayes won the electoral vote.  This was the first time that that occurred.  Hayes became president.

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The passing of the civil rights act gave African Americans citizenship and prevented discriminatory laws.  Then congress passed the 14th amendment giving all men the right to vote

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On April 14 1865, president Lincoln went to Ford's Theatre in Washington DC to se a play.  In the third act John Wilkes Booth , a 26 year old actor from the south, shot Lincoln in the back of the head and escaped. John Wilkes Booth was later killed in a stand off.  President Lincoln's funeral lasted 14 days on his journey from Springfield, Illinois to Washington DC.  & million people attended the funeral train passing by.

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The American Civil War arises out of American circumstances the existence of slavery, the political debate over slavery, questions of states’ rights within the United States, and those aren’t exactly matched in other countries.

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Surviving Confederate records indicate 194,026 wounded. In dollars and cents, the U.S. government estimated Jan. 1863 that the war was costing $2.5 million daily. A final official estimate in 1879 totaled $6,190,000,000. The Confederacy spent perhaps $2,099,808,707.

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Through the war the government made a national railroad system witch at the time helped with supply lines and would after the war help with trade.  The national bank act of 1863 set up federally charted banks.  due to the increase of production, the northern economy boomed.  The south was devastated.  Railroads, farms, livestock, farming machinery, and the regions industry was destroyed.

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During the Civil-War both sides printed paper currency in order to pay for the war effort. By the time the war had concluded, the value of the confederate note bottomed out, rendering it worthless. Thousands of people lost their entire life savings. The South also sustained extensive damages to many cities and towns. Being primarily agricultural, the South also had far less in its reserves at the outset of the war than the North.

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In response to Lincolns ten percent plan, the radical republicans passed the Wade-Davis Bill, Which make congress responsible for reconstruction, not the president.  The radical republicans were in favor of African American citizenship and suffrage.  They also desired to remove all political powers from former slave holders.

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Johnson's plan was to make each state that hade succeeded: withdraw its succession, annul confederate war debts, swear allegiance to the union, and ratify the 13th amendment with abolished slavery.  This angered the radical republicans because they believed that it was (like Lincolns plan) to lenient.

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Lincoln announced the Proclamation of Amnesty (aka the ten percent plan).  This gave a pardon to all confederates, except high ranking offices and people accused of crimes against POWs.  Lincolns plan for reconstruction was very lenient in which the radical republicans opposed him.

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Due to the Richmond being burnt and abandoned, it was obvious that the south was going to lose the war.  On April 9, 1865 Generals Lee and Grant meet to discuss the Confederate surrender.

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In the United States Presidential election of 1864, Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as president. Lincoln ran under the National Union banner against his former top Civil War general, the Democratic candidate, George B. McClellan.

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Sherman's March to the Sea, more formally known as the Savannah Campaign, was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 to December 21, 1864 by Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army.

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Was one of the last battles of the American Civil War. It was the final engagement of theConfederate Army general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the Union Army under Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. Lee, having abandoned the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia

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William Tecumseh Sherman on the Mississippi

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William Tecumseh Sherman on the Mississippi

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Sherman launched the campaign from Vicksburg, Mississippi, with the goal of destroying the rail center at Meridian and clearing central Mississippi of Confederate resistance. Sherman believed this would free additional Federal troops that he hoped to use on his planned campaign against Atlanta, Georgia, in the following months.

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Was a famous speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln on Nov. 1863 for the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg.  This speech brought the moral of the union very high and helped fuel the war.

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It began on May 18, 1863 and lasted over a month until July 4, 1863. The commander of this was General Ulysses, with over 35,000 men under his command.  During the battle it was impossible to win while hiding behind the defenses of the city. Later Grant tried to break into the city by overwhelming them the plan failed and many of the union soldiers lost their lives. After several days the confederates started to run out of food. they started to eat dogs, cats and even their houses. Finally they surrendered, resulting victory and control of the Mississippi River to the Union.

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The Battle of Gettysburg took place on July 1-3, 1863 in and near the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This battle was one of the most important battles of the Civil War for the North. Robert E. Lee had invaded the North and was trying to defeat the Union Army once and for all. The Battle took place over three days. On the first day the armies were still coming together. The Confederates outnumbered the Union the first day and caused them to retreat through the town of Gettysburg to the south side of town, and by the second day the armies from both sides were now at full force. The Union had around 94,000 soldiers and the Confederates around 72,000, by the third day Lee attacked
He felt if he could win this battle, the South would win the war, so he send a general named  Pickett's Charge. Pickett's men were defeated with over half of them injured or killed. General Lee and the Confederate Army retreated. making the Union Army win.  The Battle of Gettysburg was the deadliest battle of the Civil War.  The union army was defending a ridge which gave them the advantage making the battle so devastating for the south.  The battle killed a large amount of the confederacy's army causing them to give up hope of ever invading the north again.

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The battle took place over several days in the Spring of 1863 from April 30th to  The Confederate Army was led by General Robert E. Lee, commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Other Confederate commanders included Stonewall Jackson, The battle  started out on April 30, 1863 due to the plan of the Union General Hooker. He led his large number of troops to  the side of the Confederate Army. He had them trapped, hoping that Robert E. Lee would retreat, but then E. Lee did the opposite he attacked Hooker's  army at Chancellorsville. The confederate army split into two forces. half of his soldiers were led by General Stonewall.  General Stonewall Jackson was mistaken for an enemy and was shot.  His arm had to be amputated, he died later due to complications of his injury, which was a devastating blow to the south.

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The most infamious POW camp of the civil war was Andersonville, Georgia.  There was only one source of water which was also used for waste removal.  There was 33000 men in 26 Acres.  Which is about 34 square feet per man.

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As disease and other illnesses ran rampant, the sanitation commission was created to improve the sanitation of army camps.  Women often served as battlefield nurses, the most famous of which is Clara Barton

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The life of a soldier during the war was a difficult one.  Rations were poor, and sanitation was awful.

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Due to the armies need for supplies like uniforms, shoes, and guns many industries boomed. Such as mills, steel foundries, and coal mines.  However, unfortunately wages went down.

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Due to the confederacy losing land and farms to the union, slave resistance reducing productivity of farms, and slow supply lines the south endured severe shortages food.  The blockade of Sothern ports also caused major shortages of imported items like salt, sugar, coffee, and medicines.

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Slaves in the south would destroy fences, break plows, neglect livestock, and sabotage things in order to lower the productivity of plantations.

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Congress ,in 1862, passed a law that allowed African Americans to join the military.  They were paid less than white soldiers, but their pay was equalized in 1864.

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In New York City poor whites and Irish immigrants disliked that they could be forced to go to war because of the draft and that the wealthy could pay enough to be excused from service.  This led to the 4 day mob riot through the New York city streets.

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Due to high casualties and thus less men in the armies, both the union and the confederacy created a military draft/ conscription.  A draft forces any men called apon in a nation to serve in the military.

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Lincoln suspended the writ to deal with dissent (opposition) in the border states (particularly Maryland).
Habeas Corpus is a court order that requires authorities to bring a person held in jail before a court to determine why he or she is being jailed.

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Freed any slaves that were in the states that were rebellion against the United States. It also gave people the high moral purpose to fight to free the slaves. Also, it allowed African Americans to fight in the Union army.

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The confederates sent 2 diplomats to Britain on the ship the Trent to ask for aid in the war.  An American ship intercepted the Trent and arrested the diplomats.  To prevent conflict with Britain,  the union released the diplomats.

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Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg.  Fought on Wednesday Sept 17, 1862 near Sharpsburg, Maryland, it was the first battle took take place on Northern soil. The battle began on the morning of September 17, 1862 when the Union army, under General Joseph Hooker, attacked the Confederate army who was led by General Robert E. Lee.
Throughout the day the battle would continue. First the Union would attack then the Confederates would counter attack  .Over 20,000 soldiers were killed or wounded, making the fighting fierce and,  the bloodiest single-day in American history. one of the major outcome was the Union Victory.

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General George McClellan began to slowly advance towards Richmond.  The confederate army tried to prevent their forward progress, and in the process General Joseph E. Johnston was wounded, and the command passed to Robert E. Lee.  Lee's unorthodox tactics during the seven days battle got McClellan to retreat from his assault

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The recent inventions of the minie ball and the rifle make reloading quicker and accuracy much better, resulting in very high casualties.

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On March 8-9, 1862 near Hampton Roads, Virginia, two famous ironclad ships called the Monitor and the Merrimack battled. It was one of the most significant naval battles during the civil war primarily because of the new kinds of warships used, instead of the navy warships being made of wood, like all the ships before them they had hard iron on the outside making them very durable against cannon fire, due to this invention it made it hard for both sides to win.

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David G. Farragut led a union fleet of 40 ships to take control of cities along the Mississippi river.  After a 5 day siege Farragut won New Orleans and proceeded on the Mississippi to take Baton Rouge and Natchez

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Also know as the battle of Pittsburg. fought on April 6-7, 1862. it all started when The confederates surprised attacked the union under the order of General Albert Sidney Johnston and Pierre G.T Beauregard . Overnight Grant was reinforced by one of his own divisions stationed further north and was joined by three divisions from another Union army under Gen. Don Carlos.  This allowed them to launch an unexpected counterattack making victory for the union .This battle taught a strategic lesson to both side that they will need to send out scouts to dig trenches and build fortification ,because of how bloody it can get.

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In February of 1862, a union army led by Ulysses S. Grant invaded Tennessee, and took the forts Henry and Donelson.  These two forts had good strategic positions on the Tennessee River, and the Cumberland River.  It only took Grant 11 days to win the forts and asked their commanders for only unconditional surrender, thus his nickname: Unconditional Surrender Grant, was born.

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Also known the First Battle of Manassas War. Fought on July 2, 1861. As General Irvin McDowell and his union army were marching strong  towards Richmond, on the way to Richmond they met the confederate arm.  Then,  on the morning of July 21, 1861, General McDowell ordered the Union army to attack. The two inexperienced armies ran into many difficulties because the Union plan was far too complex for the young soldiers, meanwhile the Confederate army had troubles communicating, however none of those reasons stopped them. The
Union began to push the Confederates back and that's how Stonewall Jackson earned his nickname. It looked like they were going to win the battle, until the confederate reinforcements arrived with General Joseph Johnston
making the confederates  win the battle.

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Union and Confederate Strengths and weakness 

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Union and Confederate Strengths and weakness 

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The North had larger naval ship tonnage, fire arm production, iron production, total population, industrial workers, and population eligible for the military.  However, the south had one major strength: the home field advantage.

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Was the first battle of the Civil War. on April 12,1861. Led by Northern commander  Robert Anderson on the island in Chararleston. it all started when he moved his men from Fort Moultrie to the more fortified island, Fort Sumter because he was surrounded by the Confederate Army, he began to run out of food and fuel and needed supplies, The confederates were hoping that he and his men would surrender.  Then on April 12, 1861 General Beauregard sent Major Anderson a message saying that he would fire in one hour if Anderson didn't surrender. Anderson didn't surrender and the firing began.  The confederates won the fort, and NO one died in this battle.

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A New York lawyer who rose to fame by bagging big boss Tweed, a notorious New York political boss in New York. he was nominated for President in 1876 by the Democratic party because of his clean up image. This election was so close that it led to the compromise of 1877.

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19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history

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He was the first African-American senator, elected in 1870 to the Mississippi seat previously occupied by Jefferson Davis. Born to free black parents in North Carolina, he worked as a minister throughout the South before entering politics. After serving for just one year, he returned to Mississippi to head a college for African American males.

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Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress who was devoted to a stringent and punitive Reconstruction effort. Worked towards equality for Southern blacks.

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a Democratic-Republican who was voted into office in 1828. The people wanted representation and reform from the administration of John Quincy Adams. Jackson believed that the people should rule. He was the first president from the west, and he represented many of the characteristics of the west. Jackson appealed to the common man as he was said to be one. He believed in the strength of the Union and the supremacy of the federal government over the state government.

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was an American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865.

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Union army general whose march to sea caused destruction to the south. led march to destroy all supplies and resoures, beginning of total warfare. He set out from Chattanooga TN on a campaign of deliberate destruction that went across the state of Georgia into SC and then into NC
He destroyed everything the enemy might use to survive
The march broke the will of the South to fight

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A reformer and nurse of the nineteenth century, who founded the American Red Cross in the 1880s. She had organized nursing care for Union soldiers during the Civil War.

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The General of the Confederate troops; he was prosperous in many battles; was defeated at Antietam in 1862 when he retreated across the Potomac; this halt of Lee's troops justified Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation; he was defeated at Gettysburg by General Mead's Union troops; surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.

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66 year old Union naval admiral whose fleet captured New Orleans and Baton Rouge

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U.S. president 1873-1877. Military hero of the Civil War, he led a corrupt administration, consisting of friends and relatives. Although Grant was personally a very honest and moral man, his administration was considered the most corrupt the U.S. had had at that time.

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He was a Union general that was in charge during the beginning of the war. He defeated Lee, at Antietam, securing a much needed Union victory.

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he was a confederate general who was known for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches bold flanking movements and furious assaults. he earned his nickname at the battle of first bull run for standing courageously against union fire. During the battle of chancellorsville his own men accidently mortally wounded him.

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Due Dec. 9
Molly Richardson, Jacob Rinehart, Bishal Timsina, and Munira Hirsi