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Please print out this paper for the final exam. You can only bring this paper to the exam. You can write whatever helps you with your chosen topic.
Here is the schedule for Friday February 24.Please Use the website :
http://idebate.org/view/top_100_debates

to find your groups chosen topic

Topics are :
*Alcohol should be banned
*Prisoners should be allowed to vote
*Single Sex schools are good for education
_______________________________________________________

1:30 -1:50 Victor, Jimmy, Jiaqi, Irene

1:55-2:15 Sean, Enma, Henry, Simon

2:20 -2:40 Roger, Bill, Chris, Sus, Elsie

2:45 -3:05 Le, Stas, Evan, Leon

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Xi Jinping's high profile anti-corruption campaign has fallen short of its stated goal and appears to be doing more harm than good to the image of China's Communist party, according to new academic research and an analysis of official statistics.

The Chinese president's drive against graft, now nearly four years old, is one of the most powerful and far-reaching campaigns in the country since Mao Zedong 's death in 1976. But a new study suggests that it has backfired, with citizens often blaming local graft on the central government rather than on regional authorities, while an FT analysis indicates that the odds of officials being punished for corruption are slim.

"I don't see any clear political will" to seriously punish corrupt officials at the grassroots level, said Fu Hualing, a law professor at the University of Hong Kong. "Maybe they understand that is probably very destructive if China does that in every county, every district," he said. "The whole country would probably be in chaos."

The campaign's stated aim is to hold all levels of Chinese officials accountable for abuses of power. Many scholars of Chinese government say its underlying purpose is to make party cadres more responsive to orders from on high while burnishing the party's image.

But the new study finds that the higher the number of reported graft cases in a prefecture, the more people in the area perceive Beijing as being more corrupt than their local government.

Ni Xing and Li Zhen at the Institute of Governance and Public Affairs of Guangzhou's Sun Yat-sen University, who conducted the study, attribute this finding to the centralisation of power."If local government is overflowing with corruption, people will gradually shift responsibility for that to the centre as they perceive the centre's failure of management to have led to such a state of affairs," they write.

The study, which surveyed 83,300 people nationwide by telephone, was published in the latest edition of China's Journal of Public Administration. The findings suggest that the campaign's scope and length may inflict lasting damage on the party leadership's image.

Prof Fu suggested that one alternative that could permanently reduce corruption is to shift the focus of anti-corruption efforts from the Communist party to the courts.

But Mr Xi has rejected greater separation of powers in favour of maintaining the party's leading role. Data from China's procuratorate, the state body ostensibly charged with prosecuting corruption, show that it has ceded substantial ground to the party apparatus in confronting graft during his tenure.

The analysis of official statistics by the Financial Times also shows that, for the vast majority of China's Communist party cadres in the civil service, the chances of being seriously punished for corruption remain slim. In the first three years of the campaign, fewer than 36,000 party members were handed over to China's courts for prosecution - less than 0.5 per cent of the 7.5m working as officials in 2015.

While almost 750,000 cadres were disciplined by the party over the same period, experts on party disciplinary mechanisms stress that most such cases amount only to a warning or demerit.

Academics who have studied China's past anti-corruption drives say that the severity of the campaign appears to be carefully managed.

Ding Xueliang, a social science professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, said cadres had told him that for party organisations of any size there was now in effect a requirement to discipline at least a few members. Otherwise, "the upper levels will come back to you and question why your party branch is so unique - because so many other party branches have had five, 10, 20 officials charged for corruption."

Prof Ding dismissed the idea that the campaign is seriously intended to stamp out graft for good, estimating perhaps 80 per cent of officials had engaged in some form of corruption during their careers. "If you have lived in China for five years or more . . . you would not have such expectations." But Mr Xi vowed in July to "maintain our zero-tolerance attitude towards corruption and look into every case involving corruption, leaving no place to hide for corrupt officials within the party", according to Xinhua, the state news agency.

Public attention has also been stoked by state media dispatches highlighting monthly statistics on officials who have been disciplined. Four out of five Chinese citizens consider official corruption a big problem according to a Pew Research Centre poll this spring, making it of greater concern than pollution and food safety. But nearly two-thirds of respondents in the Pew survey said they thought the corruption problem would improve over the next five years.

Mr Xi has provided his own stark vision of the consequences if the party fails to clean itself up. "If we cannot manage the party well and govern the party strictly, leaving prominent problems within the party unsettled, our party will sooner or later lose its qualifications to govern and will unavoidably be consigned to history," he said.

Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2018. All rights reserved.

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Xi Jinping's high profile anti-corruption campaign has fallen short of its stated goal and appears to be doing more harm than good to the image of China's Communist party, according to new academic research and an analysis of official statistics.

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1.Do you like flower?
2.Do you plant at home?
3.Do you think trees are important for us?

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Extra 3D printing Articles for Tuesday's Both Sides TEST

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Extra 3D printing Articles for Tuesday's Both Sides TEST

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http://www.techrepublic.com/article/the-dark-side-of-3d-printing-10-things-to-watch/

http://scw3dprints.weebly.com/the-positive-and-negative-effects-of-3d-printing.html

http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/02/11/4161675.htm

https://3dprint.com/112633/modern-manufacturing-impact/

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1What is the best way to punish corruption? A Death Penalty B set term of imprisionment C pay fine
2 Do you think the China corruption can be a trend? Yes NO
3What do you know about Corruption?
4Do you think corruption is a national issue or world issue?
A natinal issue B world Issue
5what lead to corruption?
A people's shortness  B government system
6What do you think of the level of corruption in China？from 1 to 6
(6 is the most corrupted)
7Is corruption the No1 problem in government? Rank the seriousness of this problem from 1 to 10( 10 is the most importan)
8the worst consequences of corruption？
A Lack of proper justice
BLack of faith and trust on the governments
CDelay in growth

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| Game Addiction by Leon, Stas, and Le |

1. What is your age?

| o | Less than 20 | o | 20 to 30 | o | 30 to 40 | o | 40+

2. Do you enjoy playing video games?

| o | Yes | o | No

3. How many hours of free time do you have a day?

| o | Less than a hour | o | 2 hours | o | 3 hours | o | 4 hours more

4. What kind of devices do you use to play games?

| o | PC | o | X-Box | o | PS | o | Nintendo

5. How many hours do you spend on video games a week?

| o | Less than 10 | o | 10 to 20 | o | 20 to 30 | o | 40 more

6. Are you addicted to games?

| o | Yes | o | No

7. Do you lose hours of sleep to gaming?

| o | Yes | o | No

8. How much money do you spend on games a month?

| o | Around 50 | o | Around 100 | o | Around 200 | o | more

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1. Do you eat fast food?
2. Do you like working out?
3. Do you think fast food is healthy?
4. Do you think you are healthy now?
5. Do you think people get overweight easily because of their genes?
6. Do you have a habit to go to gym?
7. Do you think the pace of life is too fast?
8. Do you think obesity is a serious disease?

# data[].attributes.body
Please read and prepare to argue for or against this topic about this topic. Please bring ten key words about this topic to class.
remember to read through all the pints in this link:
http://idebate.org/debatabase/debates/science-technology/house-believes-children-should-be-allowed-own-and-use-mobile-phones

Also, Please post your  survey questions for your presentation online on this padlet with your  group names, so I can check them. After I have checked them and told you they are okay , please bring them to class .

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Both Sides Activity 2 - children using mobile phones

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Xi Jinping's high profile anti-corruption campaign has fallen short of its stated goal and appears to be doing more harm than good to the image of China's Communist party, according to new academic research and an analysis of official statistics.

The Chinese president's drive against graft, now nearly four years old, is one of the most powerful and far-reaching campaigns in the country since Mao Zedong 's death in 1976. But a new study suggests that it has backfired, with citizens often blaming local graft on the central government rather than on regional authorities, while an FT analysis indicates that the odds of officials being punished for corruption are slim.

"I don't see any clear political will" to seriously punish corrupt officials at the grassroots level, said Fu Hualing, a law professor at the University of Hong Kong. "Maybe they understand that is probably very destructive if China does that in every county, every district," he said. "The whole country would probably be in chaos."

The campaign's stated aim is to hold all levels of Chinese officials accountable for abuses of power. Many scholars of Chinese government say its underlying purpose is to make party cadres more responsive to orders from on high while burnishing the party's image.

But the new study finds that the higher the number of reported graft cases in a prefecture, the more people in the area perceive Beijing as being more corrupt than their local government.

Ni Xing and Li Zhen at the Institute of Governance and Public Affairs of Guangzhou's Sun Yat-sen University, who conducted the study, attribute this finding to the centralisation of power."If local government is overflowing with corruption, people will gradually shift responsibility for that to the centre as they perceive the centre's failure of management to have led to such a state of affairs," they write.

The study, which surveyed 83,300 people nationwide by telephone, was published in the latest edition of China's Journal of Public Administration. The findings suggest that the campaign's scope and length may inflict lasting damage on the party leadership's image.

Prof Fu suggested that one alternative that could permanently reduce corruption is to shift the focus of anti-corruption efforts from the Communist party to the courts.

But Mr Xi has rejected greater separation of powers in favour of maintaining the party's leading role. Data from China's procuratorate, the state body ostensibly charged with prosecuting corruption, show that it has ceded substantial ground to the party apparatus in confronting graft during his tenure.

The analysis of official statistics by the Financial Times also shows that, for the vast majority of China's Communist party cadres in the civil service, the chances of being seriously punished for corruption remain slim. In the first three years of the campaign, fewer than 36,000 party members were handed over to China's courts for prosecution - less than 0.5 per cent of the 7.5m working as officials in 2015.

While almost 750,000 cadres were disciplined by the party over the same period, experts on party disciplinary mechanisms stress that most such cases amount only to a warning or demerit.

Academics who have studied China's past anti-corruption drives say that the severity of the campaign appears to be carefully managed.

Ding Xueliang, a social science professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, said cadres had told him that for party organisations of any size there was now in effect a requirement to discipline at least a few members. Otherwise, "the upper levels will come back to you and question why your party branch is so unique - because so many other party branches have had five, 10, 20 officials charged for corruption."

Prof Ding dismissed the idea that the campaign is seriously intended to stamp out graft for good, estimating perhaps 80 per cent of officials had engaged in some form of corruption during their careers. "If you have lived in China for five years or more . . . you would not have such expectations." But Mr Xi vowed in July to "maintain our zero-tolerance attitude towards corruption and look into every case involving corruption, leaving no place to hide for corrupt officials within the party", according to Xinhua, the state news agency.

Public attention has also been stoked by state media dispatches highlighting monthly statistics on officials who have been disciplined. Four out of five Chinese citizens consider official corruption a big problem according to a Pew Research Centre poll this spring, making it of greater concern than pollution and food safety. But nearly two-thirds of respondents in the Pew survey said they thought the corruption problem would improve over the next five years.

Mr Xi has provided his own stark vision of the consequences if the party fails to clean itself up. "If we cannot manage the party well and govern the party strictly, leaving prominent problems within the party unsettled, our party will sooner or later lose its qualifications to govern and will unavoidably be consigned to history," he said.

Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2018. All rights reserved.

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Xi Jinping's high profile anti-corruption campaign has fallen short of its stated goal and appears to be doing more harm than good to the image of China's Communist party, according to new academic research and an analysis of official statistics.

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Simon and Evan Trumps ideas
PPT's link

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Keynote makes it easy to create beautiful presentations. Work together in real time on a Mac, iPad, or iPhone-or use Keynote on iCloud.com.

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Hi all I hope to be well enough to see you tomorrow.
Keep working on your survey questions and researching you topic for your final presentation.
Steve

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Obesity in the US (Bill and Roger)

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Adult Obesity in the United States - The State of Obesity

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The State of Obesity: Better Policies for a Healthier America // a project of the Trust for America's Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

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government corruption https://www.ft.com/content/02f712b4-8ab8-11e6-8aa5-f79f5696c731

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Jimmy

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February 5, 2018

Everytown is committed to using the most comprehensive, up-to-date sources of data to measure America's unprecedented levels of gun violence. Learn more by exploring the stats below.

To calculate this, Everytown relies on a five-year-average of data from the CDC, whose National Vital Statistics System contains the most comprehensive national data, currently available through 2016."Fatal Injury Reports," Injury Prevention & Control: Data & Statistics (WISQARS), accessed December 23, 2017 http://1.usa.gov/1plXBux']

Rates of firearm injury death increase rapidly after age 12. And unintentional shootings of children and teens are underreported in the CDC data, possibly because of the difficulty of characterizing a child's intent after he or she has killed himself or a playmate with a firearm. "Fatal Injury Reports," Injury Prevention & Control: Data & Statistics (WISQARS), accessed December 23, 2017 Everytown tracks unintentional shootings involving children, which occur every 34 hours, on average. http://1.usa.gov/1plXBux']

According to a study by the Department of Justice, between 1994 and 2014, federal, state, and local agencies conducted background checks on more than 180 million firearm applications and denied 2.82 million gun sales to prohibited purchasers. To date, the background check system has blocked over 3 million firearm sales to prohibited purchasers.Karberg JC, Frandsen RJ, Durso JM, et al. "Background Checks for Firearm Transfers, 2013-2014." Bureau of Justice Statistics. http://bit.ly/2lSEIEu. Published June 2016. Accessed February 15, 2017. Data for 2015 and 2016 were obtained by Everytown from the FBI directly. Though majority of the transactions and denials reported by FBI and BJS are associated with a firearm sale or transfer, a small number may be for concealed carry permits and other reasons not related to a sale or transfer.

Black Americans make up 14 percent of the U.S. population U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-06.pdf but are victims of more than half of all gun homicides."Fatal Injury Reports," Injury Prevention & Control: Data & Statistics (WISQARS), accessed December 23, 2017, http://1.usa.gov/1plXBux.

A case-control study of 11 cities found that in a domestic violence situation, the perpetrator's access to a gun increased the odds of femicide by more than five times (adjust OR=5.44, 95% CI = 2.89, 10.22).Jacqueline C. Campbell, Daniel Webster, and Jane Koziol-McLain, "Risk Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Results from a Multisite Case Control Study," American Journal of Public Health 93, no. 7 (June 2003): http://1.usa.gov/1osjCet.

Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the FBI collect data on firearm homicides - the former from medical examiners and the latter from local law enforcement. Each data set has distinct advantages and flaws. The CDC's National Vital Statistics System records a higher percentage of all firearm deaths but fails to capture details about their circumstances, including the relationship of the perpetrator to the victim. This makes it unsuitable for measuring gun violence between people of certain relationships.

In contrast, the FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) include details on the perpetrator and weapon but are more likely to be missing records because the FBI relies on police departments to voluntarily submit their homicide data on an annual basis. Despite these gaps, SHR data are utilized widely in the criminology community. The SHR do not include data from the state of Florida. Everytown obtained data directly from the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. Women killed by former dating partners (as opposed to current dating partners) are not categorized in the Florida data and are not included.James Alan Fox, "Missing Data Problems in the SHR: Imputing Offender and Relationship Characteristics," Homicide Studies 8, no. 214 (2004); and Catherine Barber and David Hemenway, "Underestimates of Unintentional Firearm Fatalities: Comparing Supplementary Homicide Report Data with the National Vital Statistics System," Injury Prevention 8 (2002).

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February 5, 2018 Everytown is committed to using the most comprehensive, up-to-date sources of data to measure America's unprecedented levels of gun violence. Learn more by exploring the stats below.

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Please write and bring 8 draft survey questions to class .

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Victor

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Le nguyen

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https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/video-game-addiction-is-destroying-american-lives-456 j

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As with gambling addiction, video game addiction is a clinical impulse control disorder. According to psychiatrist Michael Brody, MD, the criteria for video game addiction is the same as that for addiction to a substance. In both cases, the person requires more of the source as time goes on and becomes irritable and despondent when they cannot access it. In fact, video game addicts can even experience withdrawal symptoms.

Another clue that a person is addicted to video games, according to researchers at Kansas State University, is that they may play video games to alter their mood.

While the harm in addictions to substances is apparent in physical symptoms, it is often less clear with video game addiction. However, video game addiction can negatively affect a life in the same way a substance addiction can. Those who play for hours each day become withdrawn and isolated, foregoing work, school and other responsibilities to play. Younger addicts often miss out on critical education and important social development, while adults tend to experience deteriorating relationships and problems with their employers.

The physical effects of video game addiction include poor personal hygiene, hormonal disturbances from sleep deprivation, and what the American Physical Therapy Association refers to as video gamer's thumb, a repetitive use injury characterized by tendonitis and swelling. Many addicted gamers gain weight as a result of their sedentary lifestyles and tendency to reach for high-calorie processed foods and beverages.

Some experts warn that excessive gaming can even be fatal. A tech-addiction expert in Seattle said she has known of people who have died from heart attacks and blood clots, both results of the unhealthy lifestyle many extreme gamers live.

The warning signs of video game addiction include:

Gaming to escape difficult life situations

Playing for longer periods as time goes on

Skipping showers and meals to play

Poor performance at work or school

Lying to others to hide gaming activities

Exhibiting signs of irritation when forced to stop gaming

Although the American Psychological Association has not yet classified video game addiction as a mental illness, many experts contend that the signs and symptoms of the problem are similar to those of compulsive disorders such as gambling and sex addiction.

If you or someone you care about needs help dealing with a video game addiction, call us at today.

What Causes Video Game Addictions?

Researchers are not certain what causes video game addiction; however, some experts believe that elevated dopamine levels contribute heavily to the problem. The neurotransmitter dopamine works in the brain's reward center. It is released during activities most people find pleasurable, including eating and consuming certain drugs.

Therapists view all addictions as functioning essentially the same way. In the case of non-substance addictions, such as those to sex, gambling and gaming, the behavior takes the place of a substance. The action of playing generates a feeling of pleasure, which ensures the addict will repeat the action as often as possible.

In a report published by CBC News in April 2013, a gaming addiction expert said those with certain personality disorders or disabilities are at greater risk than others. She noted that people who suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Asperger's are particularly susceptible to gaming addiction.

Those who study video game addiction also believe that the problem has a psychological component. They contend that compulsive gamers retreat to a fantasy world to escape their real-life troubles and unpleasant emotions. According to a recent report, 41 percent of those who play online video games indicated they game to escape from reality.

Staff at treatment centers designed to help video game addicts understand the underlying causes of the problem and are equipped to help. Call us at to learn how we can help you or your loved one overcome this addiction.

Is There a Cure for Video Game Addiction?

Treatment for video game addiction is similar to that for other addictions. Counseling and behavior modification are the primary means of treating addicted gamers. Together, individual and family counseling are powerful treatment tools. Some treatment facilities incorporate medication in their programs.

However, unlike drugs or alcohol, video games are tied to computers, which are a key part of life for most people. In that way, the addiction is similar to a food addiction. As a result, some treatment centers explore controlled use rather than abstinence.

No overall cure for video game addiction exists. As with alcoholism and drug addiction, the key is to enter treatment and to stay aware of triggers while continuing to participate in recovery groups, such as Online Gamers Anonymous.

Therapies for Video Game Addicts

Research on treatment for video game addiction is ongoing, but few clinical trials have been conducted in relation to the problem. Experts agree that the same treatments used for sufferers of other addictions appear to work for video game addicts. As a result, they generally recommend counseling and psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, 12-step programs and medication, either individually or in combination with other treatment methods.

One-on-one counseling and family counseling are both effective in treating a gaming addict. Psychotherapists attempt to help the addict understand how gaming is related to their school or job, emotions and moods, and sense of life goals and rewards.

Where 12-step programs are concerned, the primary resource available is Online Gamers Anonymous, a non-profit organization founded in 2002.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Treatment

Many experts recommend cognitive behavioral therapy as the ideal treatment for video game addiction. The therapy allows the addict to shift their thoughts, replacing those that lead to compulsive gaming with healthier thinking patterns. As its name implies, cognitive behavioral therapy allows a person to modify their thoughts, feelings and ultimately behavior for the better.

Therapists consider addiction a belief or way of thinking that leads to irrational, often unhealthy behaviors. They start treatment by identifying and focusing on the thoughts that start the chain of addiction and help the addict begin their transition from there.

Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques include setting goals and then learning to overcome the thinking that sparks compulsive gaming.

Other Therapeutic Methods

Wilderness therapy is an alternative treatment for video game addiction. Proponents of the method contend that by removing the addict from the source of the addiction, the therapy offers the best chance of recovering. They also believe that placing addicts in a natural environment, free of the trappings and distractions of modern life, allows them to learn to be comfortable with their own emotions.

Residential Inpatient Gaming Addiction Treatment Centers

Inpatient treatment for addicted gamers is best for those who need to leave their environment altogether for a time in order to heal. Such treatment centers offer group therapy, individual counseling and a game-free atmosphere.

Some inpatient facilities offer private rooms, while some offer dorm-like accommodations. All these programs are designed to make the patient feel safe, comfortable and supported as they embark on a healing journey.

Once an addict has allowed their life opportunities to diminish by withdrawing entirely into the addiction, they have few options for overcoming the dependency on their own. This is where inpatient treatment facilities are a tremendous help. They help patients relearn healthy coping skills in a contained environment.

For help in selecting a treatment center, call . We are available 24/7 to help you find the facility you need.

The Benefits of Residential Video Game Addiction Treatments

Residential, or inpatient, video game treatment centers offer the patient ample time to recover from the addiction. Some people only require a 30-day stay, while others benefit from a minimum of 60 days at such a center.

In addition, residential treatment centers protect each patient's privacy while helping them to become equipped for an addiction-free life. Many centers offer flexible payment plans, while most accept insurance.

Luxury Video Game Addiction Facilities

If you are interested in an inpatient treatment center with amenities, you can find what you want at a luxury video game addiction facility. Such centers offer everything from massage therapy to gourmet meals. Many find that the luxuries offered at these facilities make recovery more comfortable, ensuring the individual stays in treatment for longer.

Executive Video Game Addiction Programs

Those who have hesitated to seek treatment for their gaming addictions owing to responsibilities at work might be good candidates for executive video game addiction programs. These inpatient centers offer limited access to computers and mobile phones to permit business executives to stay in touch with the office while undergoing treatment.

Outpatient Video Game Rehab and Treatment Programs

Outpatient video game rehabilitation programs share many of the traits of inpatient programs, minus the overnight accommodations. Outpatient programs offer significantly more freedom for the patient, who, at the end of each session, is allowed to return home. Such a structure permits patients to maintain commitments to work, school, friends and family. Another benefit of an outpatient program is that the patient can enjoy a support network without needing to reveal to coworkers or fellow students that they are undergoing treatment for an addiction.

Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications

Although clinical trials are in the early stages, there is some indication that certain medications help video game addicts by altering their brain chemistry to reduce the urge to play. Buproprion, in particular, has appeared to offer help to some addicts by inhibiting norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake. A six-week trial showed that those taking the drug experienced fewer cravings to play.

Many video game addicts appear to suffer from undiagnosed depression and anxiety disorders as well. Once they receive help, often in the form of medication, for one problem, they have a better chance of overcoming their gaming addictions as well.

How to Find the Best Video Game Addiction Treatment Facility

Recent developments within the psychiatric field may mean more treatment options for addicted gamers in the near future. In May 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the official guide for those in the mental health field, included a recommendation to continue studying Internet-use disorder, which encompasses video game addiction. The recommendation adds legitimacy to claims that video game addiction is a bona fide disorder that requires treatment. That recommendation combined with an increasing number of available statistics, such as that nearly one in every 10 gamers ages 8 to 18 is addicted to playing, should result in more options for those finding help in treating video gaming addiction.

If you are looking for a video game addiction treatment facility, we can help. Call to discuss treatment options.

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As with gambling addiction, video game addiction is a clinical impulse control disorder. According to psychiatrist Michael Brody, MD, the criteria for video game addiction is the same as that for addiction to a substance. In both cases, the person requires more of the source as time goes on and becomes irritable and despondent when ...

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Sustained Multilateral Commitment to Help Migrants Can Work

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International conferences and agreements from 1979 to 1989 that ended the hazardous exodus of Vietnamese "boat people" can set an example.

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Elsie and Dionysus

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The air in much of China is so bad the government has repeatedly declared "war" on it. The enemy are tiny particulates which spew forth from countless cars, coal-fired power stations and steel plants to create a dense, putty-coloured smog.

Beijing recently issued its first pollution 'red alert', closing schools, factories and construction sites, and ordering half of all private cars off the road.

But these measures were only temporary. In a country where millions of people still look to industrialisation to lift them from poverty, what can China do to clear the air for good?

Four experts talk to the BBC World Service Inquiry programme.

Dr Jim Zhang: Frustrating that Olympic gains have been lost
Dr Jim Zhang, is a professor of global environmental health at Duke University and works in the US and China.
"You can definitely smell the pollution. Your eyes itch, you cough. It's like a very rich, dense soup when the pollution levels are very high: thousands of chemicals, gases that are irritants, carcinogens.

"We have particles that have a diameter smaller than a virus. Human hair is very big compared to these. The larger ones will be deposited into the lung - that's the biggest worry. But recent scientific evidence shows that when the particles are small enough they go into the bloodstream, they can go directly into the brain.

"It's very hard to get data to show whether the pollution is going to have a long-lasting effect, like a cancer, but there is a reason to believe that, because the pollution soup contains chemicals which can induce cancer.

"It's very frustrating to see pollution get worse after the huge effort which went into cleaning up the air in Beijing for the Olympics.

"I did several studies demonstrating that if you do a temporary intervention to bring the air pollution down, [and] measure cardiovascular and respiratory health indicators in young healthy people, all those indicators significantly improve.

"Women whose pregnancy was during those eight weeks of improved air quality got babies with a significantly higher birth weight, and we have a large database to show that in general if your birth weight is higher, your later life is healthier.

"In 2008 the air quality data was considered a state secret. The government was in a denial stage for years until 2013 when those huge episodes happened, and then they started to say 'This is real now'. Because of [prioritising] economic interest over public health interest, the way they implement the existing air quality regulations is very inefficient.

"Although it's now getting much better - the urgency is there - it's still very challenging."

Hongjun Zhan: Legislation is better; enforcement is still weak
Hongjun Zhan used to write China's air pollution laws and now works for a US law firm advising foreign companies operating in China.
"Back in the late 1980s, people didn't really think about air issues at that time. The pressure [to get the legislation right] was not big at all.

"From the late 1980s to, let's say, the year 2000, just about a dozen years, that air quality has been getting worse and worse.

"In many situations, industry discharges pollutants without meeting standards. And very often they are not penalised by the enforcement officers.

"The law drafters today are doing a much better job than I did. The environmental laws today are more aggressive: [more] detailed, accurate, and comprehensive than the law I wrote.

"Enforcement is still not good enough. It is slightly better, but it's still far from where it should be."

Li Yan: 'Red alerts' represent real progress
Li Yan is the voice of Greenpeace in China.
"Actually what's happening in China right now is quite positive. [The red alert] is a sign of progress in government's understanding of how they should react and respond to these extreme conditions.

"Not only is it responding to 20 million Beijingers' demand for clean air, it's also setting a precedent for many other Chinese cities to follow.

"After the 'airpocalypse' in 2011/2012, the central government responded with a National Air Pollution Action Plan. At the core of that is a scheme to cut back coal use in the big metropolitan regions.

"Beijing's extreme pollution and the 'red alert' are connected to China's addiction to coal burning, and it's very energy intensive way of industrial growth. Coal burning is the biggest single source of air pollution in China, and burning of coal, has for the first time in this century declined in 2014 compared to 2013.

"That's a very significant thing. As a result air quality in the major cities like Beijing and regions in the Yangtze River Delta has seen improvements.

"Greenpeace has been capturing the government-released hour-by-hour data of 190 cities, and only 15% of them have seen an increase of their readings, and all the rest of them are more or less improved.

"We're seeing renewable energy picking up and taking larger share of total power use in China, and then it's actually already eating up the market space of coal.

"New coal power plants are still being proposed and still being invested [in] by local government and state-owned enterprises as if it was still the good old days. However I doubt there will be enough demand to support them, and they will very likely become idle plants."

Mun Ho: Economic slowdown is complicating anti-pollution efforts
Mun Ho is an economist at the Harvard University China project, specialising in Chinese environmental policies, and is a visiting scholar at Resources for the Future in Washington, DC.
"The Chinese system is very decentralised: the provincial and local city authorities have a lot of power. And it is not a simple matter of the central government in Beijing pressing a button and all the laws are enforced.

"All the city environmental protection bureaus are in charge of enforcing [pollution] laws, and you can imagine there is a wide range of enforcement standards across the country.

"For the past 30 years, the main criteria of promotion other than maintaining security, is economic growth, the competition to bring jobs and growth.

"We should align incentives so that the environmental officials have the incentive to enforce the rules throughout the system, not just the central government.

"The unexpected economic slowdown and the prolonged global recession has been a new challenge. It is complicating efforts to convince people to put in costly pollution equipment and to think about energy-saving technologies.

"China is officially growing at about 7%, but that hides quite a big range of experience. In some places - in the 'rust belts' - growth has really decelerated, perhaps even to 2%.

"The priority obviously then is to prevent layoffs and factory shutdowns. They have to worry about social stability if there is high unemployment.

"The issue really is spending a bigger part of the government's budget on pollution control equipment. Governments today are rich enough that this is no longer such a very big issue. We are not talking about building houses versus building pollution control equipment. This is no longer the stark choice facing China today."

The Inquiry is broadcast on the BBC World Service on Tuesdays from 12:05 GMT. Listen online or download the podcast.

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The air in much of China is so bad the government has repeatedly declared "war" on it. The enemy are tiny particulates which spew forth from countless cars, coal-fired power stations and steel plants to create a dense, putty-coloured smog.

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Final presentation  Partners and  Topics

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