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Summary Record

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Provides information on government activities related to national security and foreign policy may be kept secret

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Government policies that directly or indirectly give a preference to minorities, women, or the physically challenged in order to make up for past discrimination caused by society as a whole

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Where many African Americans and whites came together to end segregation

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Used to justify segregation in the United States

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Required racial segregation in places as school, public transportation, and hotels

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Exists when individuals are treated unfairly solely because of their race,gender,ethnic group, age, physical disability, or religion

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Rights that go to the heart of the American system or are indispensable in a just system

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A classification made on the basis of race or national origin that is subject to strict judicial scrutiny

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The Court will uphold a state law when the state can show a good reason to justify the classification

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Means a person may not be charged twice for the same crime

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Testifying against oneself

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Attorney provided by the federal courts in federal cases

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Any legally obtained evidence cannot be used in federal court

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The loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process

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Giving up one's citizenship by leaving one's native country to live in a foreign country

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A process by which members of a whole group of people, living in the same geographic area, become American citizens through an act of congress

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"Law of Blood", The principle that grants citizenship on the basis of the citizenship of one's parents

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"Law of the soil", Grants citizenship to nearly all people born in the United States or in American territory

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The legal process by which a person is granted the rights and privileges of a citizens