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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7RRZ6740L5s

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Describes how the Panama canal works
https://youtube.com/watch?v=cB3tfM7ISgy

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Ameena

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The river helps transport things faster than having to go the long way around the whole route 

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The river helps transport things faster than having to go the long way around the whole route 

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HANNAH MULLINS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Suez-Canal
What the Suez canal is used for

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Christopher Martinez

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https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River

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Makes it easier to transport goods over sea.

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Makes it easier to transport goods over sea.

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LANDAN VESTAL

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These are facts about the Nile River

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Since completing university, Paul has worked as a bookseller, librarian, and freelance writer. Born in the UK, he now lives in Florida.
The Nile is one of the most famous rivers in the world. Located in North Africa, it flows through 11 countries, including Kenya, Congo, Sudan, Uganda, and Egypt, before it eventually drains into the Mediterranean Sea.

The northern section of the river flows through an area which is almost entirely desert, providing fertility and a source of water. Egypt has relied on the Nile since ancient times, with most of the population living along the riverbanks or nearby.

10 Interesting Nile River Facts

1. The Nile is Traditionally Considered to be the Longest River in the World

2. The Source of the River was Disputed for Many Years

3. The River Nile is Formed From Two Major Tributaries

4. The Origins of the River's Name are Disputed

5. The Ancient Egyptians Were Dependent on the River for Drinking Water, Food Trade and Transportation

6. The River Played a Vital Role in the Building of the Pyramids

7. The Southern Stretches of the River are Home to Nile Crocodiles

8. The Aswan High Dam was Built to Control the Yearly Flooding of the River

9. The Ancient Egyptian God of the Nile was Known as Hapi

10. Around Half of Egypt's Population of 80 million People Live in the Nile Delta Area

I will give a more detail on each fact below.

1. The Nile is Traditionally Considered to be the Longest River in the World

It measures 4132 miles (6650 km) in total. However, the starting point for rivers is often disputed and some people nowadays consider the Amazon to be the longest.

2. The Source of the River was Disputed for Many Years

The arguments arose because the river begins in the area of Lake Victoria, which has many feeder rivers entering into the lake. However, the biggest of these feeders, the Kagera river, is now usually accepted to be the true source of the Nile.

3. The River Nile is Formed From Two Major Tributaries

The tributaries are the White Nile and the Blue Nile, which meet in Sudan, near the capital of Khartoum, before continuing northwards to the Mediterranean Sea.

4. The Origins of the River's Name are Disputed

Some people think that the name comes from the Semitic word: Nahal, which means "river". Others think that the Greek word, "neilos", which means valley, is the true origin.

Quotes About The Nile River
"The Egyptian Nile, though it does have its own particular hazards, is subject to none of what I find in Rhode Island. Since the Aswan High Dam was built in 1973, the Nile has become something of a grand canal. It is wide, flat, slow, and so calm it verges on the geriatric."

- Rosemary Mahoney

5. The Ancient Egyptians Were Dependent on the River for Drinking Water, Food Trade and Transportation

It also provided rich soil, that was great for growing crops. As rainfall is almost none-existent in Egypt, the people were dependent on the yearly floods, caused by heavy rainfall in Ethiopia, which supplied moisture and left thick rich mud, ideal for cultivation.

6. The River Played a Vital Role in the Building of the Pyramids

This is because the blocks of stone used for construction had to be transported by boat. The Ancient Egyptians also used the reeds growing alongside the Nile, known as papyrus, to make paper and boats with.

7. The Southern Stretches of the River are Home to Nile Crocodiles

They are one of the largest and most dangerous species of crocodile, responsible for the deaths of many people each year. At one time, these aggressive reptiles could be found all the way up to the Nile Delta, but their habitat has shrunk over the years.

8. The Aswan High Dam was Built to Control the Yearly Flooding of the River

The dam was built in 1970. Previously, high floods could wipe out crops, and drier years could result in failures and famine, but the dam now regulates water levels.

9. The Ancient Egyptian God of the Nile was Known as Hapi

The god was honored for the annual floods which brought great fertility to the land. He was known by a variety of titles, including: Lord of the River Bringing Vegetation and Lord of the Fishes and Birds of the Marshes. He is commonly depicted as an intersex person with a big belly and breasts, dressed in a loincloth and ceremonial false beard.

10. Around Half of Egypt's Population of 80 million People Live in the Nile Delta Area

The largest city in this area is Alexandria, which has a population of over 4 million. The city of Rosetta can also be found in the delta region - it was here that the famous Rosetta Stone was found, its inscriptions helping modern people to understand Egyptian hieroglyphs.

"If you look at the Nile on a map of Egypt, you don't think it has moved very much, but the river is very violent and has moved over time."

- Sarah Parcak

More Quotes About The Nile
"He who rides the sea of the Nile must have sails woven of patience."

- William Golding

"Today the traveler on the Nile enters a wonderland at whose gates rise the colossal pyramids of which he has had visions perhaps from earliest childhood."

- James Henry Breasted

This content is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional. © 2014 Paul Goodman
John Aston on July 01, 2020:

Sophie I know right

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You guys are right

charlie on March 31, 2020:

thanks helped my education

Sophie Wellington on March 23, 2020:

Some of this is fake don't trust what you see online

Njeri on March 21, 2020:

That information about the river nile is not true. Please get your facts right

Shajaja on January 27, 2020:

It helped but not a lot sorry

Max on November 22, 2019:

Cool I learned a lot of thing's thx

hi on November 13, 2019:

needs info of the rivers in them

max on November 07, 2019:

nice

Bonnie4life on October 28, 2019:

Nice facts, but they are all... im not fanning them. U could do better tbh...

leland.arnold@mio.k12.mi.us on October 23, 2019:

this is very good information but there could be more information like the Nile River average discharge is 3.1 million litres (680,000 gallons) per second.

gvp on October 23, 2019:

thanks for the information but we need more

Mitchell on October 08, 2019:

Amazing... BRAVO BRAVO

bob on October 04, 2019:

horrible !!!!!!!

Ashlyn ramesh on June 08, 2019:

Oh! MY GOSH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Amazing

jim on June 04, 2019:

it was cool i learned a lot of things for my report

sup my dude on May 23, 2019:

im doing a research task on the nile river and i needed a lot more information on the Nile river, maybe next time add a few more facts just to make it a bit more useful

ahmed on May 11, 2019:

that was really amazing

-A on May 03, 2019:

This was really helpfull

Hi on May 02, 2019:

All ready new all of this

. on April 23, 2019:

I already knew all of this

TwitchXzuHellex on April 20, 2019:

very helpful thx

niggas mom on April 10, 2019:

This was helpful thank you :)

yourgay on April 09, 2019:

there is good helpful knowlage in here so if u say there isnt than your WRONG

unknown on April 01, 2019:

boring and stupid. i need to do an essay about the Nile and found no good info here

no on March 31, 2019:

helpfull

No name on March 20, 2019:

Not bad but more facks

iliketoeatfoodyumlol on March 05, 2019:

It wasn't helpful at all :/ I knew all of this information already and I needed more facts.

don't ask me what my name is on March 01, 2019:

pretty good info on the nile

Sianeh on February 19, 2019:

thanks this was really helpful for my school project!!!

Gene from bobs burgers on February 06, 2019:

thank you this was helpful

Tman on January 31, 2019:

This was kind of helpful. Thank you

Colt Quimby on January 31, 2019:

LOVE THIS

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this was sooooooooooooo helpful for my school project!

Ninja on December 13, 2018:

Lol sorry i was fortnite grinding and thought that epic coud make this a skin. lol would be sick though. #giveninja'sideatoepic

im not allowed to post my name on November 20, 2018:

This article was helpful. I liked that it told who the god of the Nile is.

Mynameis-McChickenfartnuggetpotatoheadjuicemuseumturkeygobblegobbleummmmm on November 20, 2018:

Lol this was kinda useful, eh

sara on November 13, 2018:

this helped a lot for my science power point presentation good job

Potato on November 08, 2018:

This helped a lot

someoneyoudontknow on November 06, 2018:

didnt help

April on November 05, 2018:

This help me a lot ,it shows me a lot that I did not know

Renegade Raider on November 02, 2018:

i agaree with u izziy

izzy on October 31, 2018:

this was helpful because right now i need this for ss homework.

kbub on October 30, 2018:

thanks

IDEK on October 29, 2018:

It was helpful but I need facts about how it helped the ancient Egyptians :(

me on October 26, 2018:

this helped a lot! Thx

hi on October 25, 2018:

this was very helpful and gave lots of facts

Cha Cha on October 18, 2018:

Very help full

jeff on October 16, 2018:

very help full

Paul Goodman (author) from Florida, USA on October 06, 2018:

In my experience, some people like to learn information through watching videos, either as well as, or instead of through reading. That is why I include videos.

K on October 05, 2018:

Hi, I just have a quick question,why did you reference things in youtube videos when you could've just typed? I understand that you might be tired but just tell me why.

olivia on October 02, 2018:

Sorry to be mean but this was not helpful. SORRY

Rocky on October 01, 2018:

This was not helpful

Not helpful on September 25, 2018:

This wasnt very helpful at all.

cass on September 19, 2018:

wow, i didn't know all that.

Jay on September 17, 2018:

kinda helped

NOT USEFULL on September 03, 2018:

DO NOT find This Useful

Jon Towns on September 03, 2018:

Thanks this is so helpful I am going to tell my class about this I hope you guys continue to produce these articles. my boys Patrick and spongebag will love this. - Miss Puff

Bob on May 24, 2018:

helpful thank you

Amara on May 17, 2018:

Very helpful. Thanks

Sally's Henchman on May 14, 2018:

Helpful

de wae on May 09, 2018:

i like de uganda

Momohen on March 13, 2018:

Hey, does the Nile start at the Nile Delta or end at the Nile Delta

bro man on March 05, 2018:

the nile r5iver is the biggest in the world

no name on February 27, 2018:

the Nile river video does not have any information

Paul Goodman (author) from Florida, USA on February 22, 2018:

There is no single agreed source of the Nile: Lake Victoria has been proposed, others say the Kagera River, others argue in favor of various tributaries that feed that Kagera.

As the article says, the Nile finishes by flowing into the Mediterranean Sea.

person on February 22, 2018:

it does not say where the nile river start and stop

liers

Person on February 15, 2018:

This helped; I like Turtles

unknow on February 14, 2018:

this did not help much

jaden on February 14, 2018:

awsome

alexis on February 08, 2018:

thank you for your intellegance

Tom on February 01, 2018:

I am doing a report on the Nile too this was useful.

Elliot on January 29, 2018:

I am doing a report on The Nile and so this info was very helpful. Thanks!

Lakota on January 26, 2018:

its really useful

Momohen on January 25, 2018:

Thanks it was really useful

Asherm on January 23, 2018:

Hello

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Thanks a lot

bruh on December 07, 2017:

this is making me yawn

mehh on November 30, 2017:

terrible

Keyaan on November 22, 2017:

Thanks for the facts

aesd316740 on November 14, 2017:

need help for my project

not usefull at all on November 08, 2017:

not useful words to smart for me boiii

Marisol lopez on November 08, 2017:

it was great site i found some very useful facts kids should use it a great site with reading and vidoe so i would use it if i were you so that my comment i hope you liked it have a great day.!

Amber Burza on November 07, 2017:

Well, this site had a lot of good facts but I am doing a school presentation, it should be in complete sentences, 6th grades facts, and also it is due on next tuesday

Michelle Menendez on November 06, 2017:

This helped on my project THANKS

secret on November 05, 2017:

I find it very useful

Vanessa on November 02, 2017:

i think this is a great page how do i subcribe i am a kid so i dont know how 2.

secret on October 30, 2017:

very good

Jeff on October 03, 2017:

Thanks

BOIII on October 02, 2017:

Thank you

Meh on September 26, 2017:

Terrible and useless

Jay C OBrien from Houston, TX USA on July 22, 2016:

6. The river also had a vital role in the building of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids, as the blocks of stone used for construction had to be transported by boat.

Now we know the Pyramids were made of poured natural concrete. This was discovered by a French chemist. Google geopolymers and pyramids.

Jay C OBrien from Houston, TX USA on November 22, 2014:

Another interesting fact is in very ancient times the Nile used to flow from east to west and empty into the Atlantic. This has been shown by satellite imagery.

Another interesting point is a man named Edgar Cayce stated the Nile changed course (see above) and the Sahara was green back in the 1930s. Now how did he know that?

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Since completing university, Paul has worked as a bookseller, librarian, and freelance writer. Born in the UK, he now lives in Florida. The Nile is one of the most famous rivers in the world. Located in North Africa, it flows through 11 countries, including Kenya, Congo, Sudan, Uganda, and Egypt, before it eventually drains into the Mediterranean Sea.

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http://www.geographicguide.net/africa/egypt.htm

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Egypt Map Africa - Cairo, Nile River and Suez Canal

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This territory consists of the valley and delta of the Nile, a number of desert oases, and land along the Suez Canal, which connects the Mediterranean with the Gulf of Suez, an arm of the Red Sea.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3A5bjCNPvVs

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Idk

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i have no clue

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Suez Canal, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas. The canal separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans. It is one of the world's most heavily used shipping lanes. The canal extends 193 km (120 miles) between Port Said (Būr Saʿīd) in the north and Suez in the south, with dredged approach channels north of Port Said, into the Mediterranean, and south of Suez. The canal does not take the shortest route across the isthmus, which is only 121 km (75 miles). Instead, it utilizes several lakes: from north to south, Lake Manzala (Buḥayrat al-Manzilah), Lake Timsah (Buḥayrat al-Timsāḥ), and the Bitter Lakes-Great Bitter Lake (Al-Buḥayrah al-Murrah al-Kubrā) and Little Bitter Lake (Al-Buḥayrah al-Murrah al-Ṣughrā). The Suez Canal is an open cut, without locks, and, though extensive straight lengths occur, there are eight major bends. To the west of the canal is the low-lying delta of the Nile River, and to the east is the higher, rugged, and arid Sinai Peninsula. Prior to construction of the canal (completed in 1869), the only important settlement was Suez, which in 1859 had 3,000 to 4,000 inhabitants. The rest of the towns along its banks have grown up since, with the possible exception of Al-Qanṭarah.

Physical features

Geology

The Isthmus of Suez, the sole land bridge between the continents of Africa and Asia, is of relatively recent geologic origin. Both continents once formed a single large continental mass, but during the Paleogene and Neogene periods (about 66 to 2.6 million years ago) the great fault structures of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba developed, with the opening and subsequent drowning of the Red Sea trough as far as the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. In the succeeding Quaternary Period (about the past 2.6 million years), there was considerable oscillation of sea level, leading finally to the emergence of a low-lying isthmus that broadened northward to a low-lying open coastal plain. There the Nile delta once extended farther east-as a result of periods of abundant rainfall coincident with the Pleistocene Epoch (2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago)-and two river arms, or distributaries, formerly crossed the northern isthmus, one branch reaching the Mediterranean Sea at the narrowest point of the isthmus and the other entering the sea some 14.5 km (9 miles) east of present Port Said.

Physiography

Topographically, the Isthmus of Suez is not uniform. There are three shallow water-filled depressions: Lake Manzala, Lake Timsah, and the Bitter Lakes; though distinguished as Great and Little, the Bitter Lakes form one continuous sheet of water. A number of more-resistant bands of limestone and gypsum obtrude in the south of the isthmus, and another significant feature is a narrow valley leading from Lake Timsah southwestward toward the middle Nile delta and Cairo. The isthmus is composed of marine sediments, coarser sands, and gravels deposited in the early periods of abundant rainfall, Nile alluvium (especially to the north), and windblown sands.

When first opened in 1869, the canal consisted of a channel barely 8 metres (26 feet) deep, 22 metres (72 feet) wide at the bottom, and 61 to 91 metres (200 to 300 feet) wide at the surface. To allow ships to pass each other, passing bays were built every 8 to 10 km (5 to 6 miles). Construction involved the excavation and dredging of 74 million cubic metres (97 million cubic yards) of sediments. Between 1870 and 1884 some 3,000 groundings of ships occurred because of the narrowness and tortuousness of the channel. Major improvements began in 1876, and, after successive widenings and deepenings, the canal by the 1960s had a minimum width of 55 metres (179 feet) at a depth of 10 metres (33 feet) along its banks and a channel depth of 12 metres (40 feet) at low tide. Also in that period, passing bays were greatly enlarged and new bays constructed, bypasses were made in the Bitter Lakes and at Al-Ballāḥ, stone or cement cladding and steel piling for bank protection were almost entirely completed in areas particularly liable to erosion, tanker anchorages were deepened in Lake Timsah, and new berths were dug at Port Said to facilitate the grouping of ships in convoy.

Canals, Straits, and More Quiz

Plans that had been made in 1964 for further enlargement were overtaken by the Arab-Israeli war of June 1967, during which the canal was blocked. The canal remained inoperative until June 1975, when it was reopened and improvements were recommenced. In 2015 the Egyptian government finished a nearly $8.5 billion project to upgrade the canal and significantly increase its capacity; nearly 29 km (18 miles) were added to its original length of 164 km (102 miles).

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Suez Canal | History, Map, Importance, Length, Depth, & Facts

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Suez Canal, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and Red seas. It separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.

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I also used the book

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http://www.history.com/news/9-fascinating-facts-about-the-suez-canal
9 Interesting Facts about the Suez Canal

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Infograghic on the Suez Canal

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http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/suez-canal-opens
This link gives the history of The Suez Canal.
https://goo.gl/images/zwcrXq
The second link is an image of the Suez Canal.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjdOlv82kPE

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http://www.history.com/news/9-fascinating-facts-about-the-suez-canal
9 Interesting Facts About the Suez Canal

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www.history.com/topics/suez-canal

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On November 17, 1869, the Suez Canal connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas was officially opened in a lavish ceremony at Egypt's Port Said. The canal took more than 15 years to plan and build, and its construction was repeatedly hindered by political disputes, labor shortages and even a deadly cholera outbreak. When finally completed, the 101-mile-long waterway permanently transformed international shipping by allowing vessels to skip the long and treacherous transit around the southern tip of Africa. On the 145th anniversary of its opening, check out nine surprising facts about the canal that links the Eastern and Western worlds.

1. Its origins date back to ancient Egypt.
The modern Suez Canal is only the most recent of several manmade waterways that once snaked their way across Egypt. The Egyptian Pharaoh Senusret III may have built an early canal connecting the Red Sea and the Nile River around 1850 B.C., and according to ancient sources, the Pharaoh Necho II and the Persian conqueror Darius both began and then abandoned work on a similar project. The canal was supposedly finished in the 3rd century B.C. during the Ptolemaic Dynasty, and many historical figures including Cleopatra may have traveled on it. Rather than the direct link offered by the modern Suez Canal, this ancient "Canal of the Pharaohs" would have wound its way the through the desert to the Nile River, which was then used to access the Mediterranean.

2. Napoleon Bonaparte considered building it.
After conquering Egypt in 1798, the French military commander Napoleon Bonaparte sent a team of surveyors to investigate the feasibility of cutting the Isthmus of Suez and building a canal from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. But following four separate excursions to the region, his scouts incorrectly concluded that the Red Sea was at least 30 feet higher than the Mediterranean. Any attempt to create a canal, they warned, could result in catastrophic flooding across the Nile Delta. The surveyors' faulty calculations were enough to scare Napoleon away from the project, and plans for a canal stalled until 1847, when a team of researchers finally confirmed that there was no serious difference in altitude between the Mediterranean and Red Seas.

3. The British government was strongly opposed to its construction.
Planning for the Suez Canal officially began in 1854, when a French former diplomat named Ferdinand de Lesseps negotiated an agreement with the Egyptian viceroy to form the Suez Canal Company. Since Lesseps' proposed canal had the support of the French Emperor Napoleon III, many British statesmen considered its construction a political scheme designed to undermine their dominance of global shipping. The British ambassador to France argued that supporting the canal would be a "suicidal act," and when Lesseps tried to sell shares in the canal company, British papers labeled the project "a flagrant robbery gotten up to despoil the simple people." Lesseps went on to engage in a public war of words with British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston, and even challenged railway engineer Robert Stephenson to a duel after he condemned the project in Parliament. The British Empire continued to criticize the canal during its construction, but it later bought a 44 percent stake in the waterway after the cash-strapped Egyptian government auctioned off its shares in 1875.

4. It was built using a combination of forced peasant labor and state-of-the-art machinery.
Building the Suez Canal required massive manpower, and the Egyptian government initially supplied most of the labor by forcing the poor to work for nominal pay and under threat of violence. Beginning in late-1861, tens of thousands of peasants used picks and shovels to dig the early portions of the canal by hand. Progress was painfully slow, and the project hit a snag after Egyptian ruler Ismail Pasha abruptly banned the use of forced labor in 1863. Faced with a critical shortage of workers, Lesseps and the Suez Canal Company changed their strategy and began using several hundred custom-made steam- and coal-powered shovels and dredgers to dig the canal. The new technology gave the project the boost it needed, and the company went on to make rapid progress during the last two years of construction. Of the 75 million cubic meters of sand eventually moved during the construction of the main canal, some three-fourths of it was handled by heavy machinery.

5. The Statue of Liberty was originally intended for the canal.
As the Suez Canal neared completion in 1869, French sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi tried to convince Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Egyptian government to let him build a sculpture called "Egypt Bringing Light to Asia" at its Mediterranean entrance. Inspired by the ancient Colossus of Rhodes, Bartholdi envisioned a 90-foot-tall statue of a woman clothed in Egyptian peasant robes and holding a massive torch, which would also serve as a lighthouse to guide ships into the canal. The project never materialized, but Bartholdi continued shopping the idea for his statue, and in 1886 he finally unveiled a completed version in New York Harbor. Officially called "Liberty Enlightening the World," the monument has since become better known as the Statue of Liberty.

6. Its creator later tried-and failed-to build the Panama Canal.
Having silenced his critics by completing the Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps later turned his attention toward cutting a canal across the Isthmus of Panama in Central America. Work began in 1881, but despite Lesseps' prediction that the new canal would be "easier to make, easier to complete, and easier to keep up" than the Suez, the project eventually descended into chaos. Thousands died during construction in the sweltering, disease-ridden jungle, and the team burned through nearly $260 million without ever completing the project. The company finally went belly up in 1889, triggering a massive scandal that saw Lesseps and several others-including Eiffel Tower designer Gustave Eiffel, who had been hired to design canal locks-convicted of fraud and conspiracy. It would take another 25 years before the Panama Canal was finally completed in a decade-long, American-led construction project.

7. The canal played a crucial role in a Cold War-era crisis.
In 1956, the Suez Canal was at the center of a brief war between Egypt and the combined forces of Britain, France and Israel. The conflict had its origins in Britain's military occupation of the canal zone, which had continued even after Egypt gained independence in 1922. Many Egyptians resented the lingering colonial influence, and tensions finally boiled over in July 1956, when Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, supposedly to help fund a dam across the Nile River. In what became known as the Suez Crisis, a combined British, Israeli and French force launched an attack on Egypt in October 1956. The Europeans succeeded in advancing close to the canal, but later withdrew from Egypt in disgrace following condemnation from the United States and the threat of nuclear retaliation from the Soviet Union. British Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigned in the wake of the scandal, and the Suez Canal was left under Egyptian control.

8. A fleet of ships was once stranded in the canal for more than eight years.
During June 1967's Six Day War between Egypt and Israel, the Suez Canal was shut down by the Egyptian government and blocked on either side by mines and scuttled ships. At the time of the closure, 15 international shipping vessels were moored at the canal's midpoint at the Great Bitter Lake. They would remain stranded in the waterway for eight years, eventually earning the nickname the "Yellow Fleet" for the desert sands that caked their decks. Most of the crewmembers were rotated on and off the stranded vessels on 3-month assignments, but the rest passed the time by forming their own floating community and hosting sporting and social events. As the years passed, the fleet even developed its own stamps and internal system of trade. The 15 marooned ships were finally allowed to leave the canal in 1975. By then, only two of the vessels were still seaworthy enough to make the voyage under their own power.

9. It's about to get a major overhaul.
The Suez Canal has enjoyed increased traffic in recent years, with roughly 50 ships passing through its waters every day. Shipping tolls allow Egypt to rake in around $5 billion annually, but the canal is still hampered by its narrow width and shallow depth, which are insufficient to accommodate two-way traffic from modern tanker ships. In August 2014, Egypt's Suez Canal Authority announced an ambitious plan to deepen the canal and create a new 22-mile lane branching off the main channel. Preliminary work has already begun on the $8.5 billion project, which Egyptian authorities claim could more than double the canal's annual revenue by 2023.

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9 Fascinating Facts About the Suez Canal

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On November 17, 1869, the Suez Canal connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas was officially opened in a lavish ceremony at Egypt's Port Said. The canal took more than 15 years to plan and build, and its construction was repeatedly hindered by political disputes, labor shortages and even a deadly cholera outbreak.

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Suez Canal, Arabic Qanāt al-Suways, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas. The canal separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans. It is one of the world's most heavily used shipping lanes. The canal extends 120 miles (193 km) between Port Said (Būr Saʿīd) in the north and Suez in the south, with dredged approach channels north of Port Said, into the Mediterranean, and south of Suez. The canal does not take the shortest route across the isthmus, which is only 75 miles (121 km). Instead, it utilizes several lakes: from north to south, Lake Manzala (Buḥayrat al-Manzilah), Lake Timsah (Buḥayrat al-Timsāḥ), and the Bitter Lakes-Great Bitter Lake (Al-Buḥayrah al-Murrah al-Kubrā) and Little Bitter Lake (Al-Buḥayrah al-Murrah al-Ṣughrā). The Suez Canal is an open cut, without locks, and, though extensive straight lengths occur, there are eight major bends. To the west of the canal is the low-lying delta of the Nile River, and to the east is the higher, rugged, and arid Sinai Peninsula. Prior to construction of the canal (completed in 1869), the only important settlement was Suez, which in 1859 had 3,000 to 4,000 inhabitants. The rest of the towns along its banks have grown up since, with the possible exception of Al-Qanṭarah.

canals and inland waterways: The Suez Canal

The Isthmus of Suez so obviously provided a short sea route from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean and beyond as against the sea voyage around Africa that a canal was dug in antiquity; it fell into disuse, was frequently restored, and finally...
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Physical features

Geology

The Isthmus of Suez, the sole land bridge between the continents of Africa and Asia, is of relatively recent geologic origin. Both continents once formed a single large continental mass, but during the Paleogene and Neogene periods (about 66 to 2.6 million years ago) the great fault structures of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba developed, with the opening and subsequent drowning of the Red Sea trough as far as the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. In the succeeding Quaternary Period (about the past 2.6 million years), there was considerable oscillation of sea level, leading finally to the emergence of a low-lying isthmus that broadened northward to a low-lying open coastal plain. There the Nile delta once extended farther east-as a result of periods of abundant rainfall coincident with the Pleistocene Epoch (2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago)-and two river arms, or distributaries, formerly crossed the northern isthmus, one branch reaching the Mediterranean Sea at the narrowest point of the isthmus and the other entering the sea some 9 miles (14.5 km) east of present Port Said.

Physiography

Topographically, the Isthmus of Suez is not uniform. There are three shallow water-filled depressions: Lake Manzala, Lake Timsah, and the Bitter Lakes; though distinguished as Great and Little, the Bitter Lakes form one continuous sheet of water. A number of more-resistant bands of limestone and gypsum obtrude in the south of the isthmus, and another significant feature is a narrow valley leading from Lake Timsah southwestward toward the middle Nile delta and Cairo. The isthmus is composed of marine sediments, coarser sands, and gravels deposited in the early periods of abundant rainfall, Nile alluvium (especially to the north), and windblown sands.

When first opened in 1869, the canal consisted of a channel barely 26 feet (8 metres) deep, 72 feet (22 metres) wide at the bottom, and 200 to 300 feet (61 to 91 metres) wide at the surface. To allow ships to pass each other, passing bays were built every 5 to 6 miles (8 to 10 km). Construction involved the excavation and dredging of 97 million cubic yards (74 million cubic metres) of sediments. Between 1870 and 1884 some 3,000 groundings of ships occurred because of the narrowness and tortuousness of the channel. Major improvements began in 1876, and, after successive widenings and deepenings, the canal by the 1960s had a minimum width of 179 feet (55 metres) at a depth of 33 feet (10 metres) along its banks and a channel depth of 40 feet (12 metres) at low tide. Also in that period, passing bays were greatly enlarged and new bays constructed, bypasses were made in the Bitter Lakes and at Al-Ballāḥ, stone or cement cladding and steel piling for bank protection were almost entirely completed in areas particularly liable to erosion, tanker anchorages were deepened in Lake Timsah, and new berths were dug at Port Said to facilitate the grouping of ships in convoy.

Plans that had been made in 1964 for further enlargement were overtaken by the Arab-Israeli war of June 1967, during which the canal was blocked. The canal remained inoperative until June 1975, when it was reopened and improvements were recommenced. In 2015 the Egyptian government finished a nearly $8.5 billion project to upgrade the canal and significantly increase its capacity; nearly 18 miles (29 km) were added to its original length of 102 miles (164 km).

The economy

Operation

In 1870, the canal's first full year of operation, there were 486 transits, or fewer than 2 per day. In 1966 there were 21,250, an average of 58 per day, with net tonnage increasing from some 437,000 long tons (444,000 metric tons) in 1870 to about 274,000,000 long tons (278,400,000 metric tons). By the mid-1980s the number of daily transits had fallen to an average of 50, but net annual tonnage was about 350,000,000 long tons (355,600,000 metric tons). In 2014 there were 17,148 transits with a net annual tonnage of about 947,800,000 long tons (963,000,000 metric tons).

aircraft carrier; Suez Canal Purestock/age fotostock

The original canal did not permit two-way traffic, and ships would stop in a passing bay to allow the passage of ships in the other direction. Transit time then averaged 40 hours, but by 1939 it had been reduced to 13 hours. A system of convoys was adopted in 1947, consisting of one northbound and two southbound per day. Transit time went up to 15 hours in 1967 despite convoying, reflecting the great growth in tanker traffic at that time. With some enlargement of the canal, transit time since 1975 has ranged from 11 to 16 hours. Upon entering the canal at Port Said or Suez, ships are assessed for tonnage and cargo (passengers have ridden without charge since 1950) and are handled by one or two pilots for actual canal transit, which is increasingly controlled by radar. Southbound convoys moor at Port Said, Al-Ballāḥ, Lake Timsah, and Al-Kabrīt, where there are bypasses that allow northbound convoys to proceed without stopping. In August 2015 a new 22-mile (35-km) expansion running parallel to the main channel was opened, enabling two-way transit through the canal. The main channel was deepened to allow for the passage of larger ships. The expansion project, launched by Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi in 2014, was part of an effort to boost Egypt's economy.

The nature of traffic has greatly altered, especially because of the enormous growth in shipments of crude oil and petroleum products from the Persian Gulf since 1950. In 1913 the oil in northbound traffic amounted to 291,000 long tons (295,700 metric tons), whereas in 1966 it amounted to 166,000,000 long tons (168,700,000 metric tons). The closure of the canal from 1967 to 1975 led to the use of large oil tankers on the route around the Cape of Good Hope and prompted the development of the Sumed pipeline from Suez to Alexandria, which opened in 1977. Since 1975 the increased size of tankers-the largest of which cannot use the canal-and the development of sources of crude oil in areas outside of the canal route (e.g., Algeria, Libya, Nigeria, the North Sea, and Mexico) have reduced the canal's importance in the international oil trade.

From an all-time peak of 984,000 in 1945, passenger traffic has declined to negligible numbers because of the competition from aircraft. Further decline in canal traffic resulted from a shift of Australasian trade from Europe to Japan and East Asia. Some movement of oil, however, from refineries in Russia, southern Europe, and Algeria has continued, chiefly to India, and the shipment of dry cargoes, including grain, ores, and metals, has increased. A more recent feature has been the growth of container and roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) traffic through the canal, chiefly destined for the highly congested ports of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.

Hubertus Kauns/SuperStock

The major northbound cargoes consist of crude petroleum and petroleum products, coal, ores and metals, and fabricated metals, as well as wood, oilseeds and oilseed cake, and cereals. Southbound traffic consists of cement, fertilizers, fabricated metals, cereals, and empty oil tankers.

Communications and towns

Construction of the canal led to the growth of settlements in what had been, except for Suez, almost uninhabited arid territory. More than 70,000 acres (28,000 hectares) were brought under cultivation, and about 8 percent of the total population was engaged in agriculture, with approximately 10,000 commercial and industrial activities of various sizes. During the Suez Crisis in 1967, almost all the population was evacuated, and most of the settlements were severely damaged or destroyed during subsequent warfare. With the reopening of the canal in 1975, however, reconstruction of the area was begun, and most of the population had returned by 1978. Port Said was made a customs-free zone in 1975, and tax-free industrial zones have been established along the canal. The major urban centres are Port Said, with its east-bank counterpart, Būr Fuʾād; Ismailia (Al-Ismāʿīliyyah), on the north shore of Lake Timsah; and Suez, with its west-bank outport, Būr Tawfīq. Water for irrigation and for domestic and industrial use is supplied by the Nile via the Al-Ismāʿīliyyah Canal.

Port Said: Suez Canal Authority building Daniel Csörföly

There are two roads from the pre-1967 period on the west bank. Ferries have largely been replaced by four underpasses: north of Suez, south and north of Lake Timsah, and at Al-Qanṭarah. From this last, a road continues along the east bank to Būr Fuʾād, and another runs eastward through the Sinai to Israel. Newer roads on the east bank run eastward to the Khutmiyyah, Giddi, and Mitla passes, which give access to the central Sinai. The railway on the west side of the canal was restored in the 1970s. In 1980 the Ahmad Hamdi road tunnel was opened, connecting Egypt proper with its governorate ( muḥāfaẓah) of Shamāl Sīnāʾ. About 1 mile (1.6 km) of the tunnel passes beneath the canal itself. As part of the 2014 expansion proejct, the Egyptian government announced plans to build six new tunnels for both motor vehicles and trains. The project also includes the development of additional transportation infrastructure in the surrounding area and aims to reclaim some 4 million acres (1.6 million hectares) of land for cultivation.

History

Construction

The first canal in the region is thought to have been dug about 1850 bce, when an irrigation channel navigable at flood period was constructed into the Wadi Tumelat (Al-Ṭumaylāt), a dry river valley east of the Nile delta. Known as the Canal of the Pharaohs, that channel was extended by the Ptolemies via the Bitter Lakes as far as the Red Sea. From the region of Lake Timsah a northward arm appears to have reached a former branch of the Nile. Extended under the Romans (who called it Trajan's Canal), neglected by the Byzantines, and reopened by the early Arabs, that canal was deliberately filled in by the ʿAbbāsid caliphs for military reasons in 775 ce. Throughout, the reason for those changes appears to have been to facilitate trade from the delta lands to the Red Sea rather than to provide a passage to the Mediterranean.

Venetians in the 15th century and the French in the 17th and 18th centuries speculated upon the possibility of making a canal through the isthmus. A canal there would make it possible for ships of their nations to sail directly from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean and so dispute the monopoly of the East Indian trade that had been won first by the Portuguese, then by the Dutch, and finally by the English, all of whom used the route around the Cape of Good Hope. Those schemes came to nothing.

It was not until the French occupation of Egypt (1798-1801) that the first survey was made across the isthmus. Napoleon personally investigated the remains of the ancient canal. J.M. Le Père, his chief lines-of-communication engineer, erroneously calculated that the level of the Red Sea was 33 feet (10 metres) above that of the Mediterranean and, therefore, that locks would be needed. Considering the adverse conditions under which the French surveyors worked and the prevailing belief in the disparity of levels of the two seas, the error was excusable, and Le Père's conclusion was uncritically accepted by a succession of subsequent authors of canal projects. Studies for a canal were made again in 1834 and in 1846. In 1854 Ferdinand de Lesseps received an Act of Concession from the viceroy (khedive) of Egypt, Saʿīd Pasha, to construct a canal, and in 1856 a second act conferred on the Suez Canal Company (Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez) the right to operate a maritime canal for 99 years after completion of the work. Construction began in 1859 and took 10 years instead of the 6 that had been envisaged; climatic difficulties, a cholera epidemic in 1865, and early labour troubles all slowed down operations. An initial project was the cutting of a small canal (the Al-Ismāʾīliyyah) from the delta along the Wadi Tumelat, with a southern branch (now called the Al-Suways al-Ḥulwah Canal; the two canals combined were formerly called the Sweet Water Canal) to Suez and a northern one (Al-ʿAbbāsiyyah Canal) to Port Said. This supplied drinking water in an otherwise arid area and was completed in 1863.

At first, digging was done by hand with picks and baskets, peasants being drafted as forced labour. Later, dredgers and steam shovels operated by European labourers took over, and, as dredging proved cheaper than dry excavation, the terrain was artificially flooded and dredged wherever possible. Other than in the few areas where rock strata were met, the entire canal was driven through sand or alluvium. In August 1869 the waterway was completed, and it was officially opened with an elaborate ceremony on November 17.

Finance

The Suez Canal Company had been incorporated as an Egyptian joint-stock company with its head office in Paris. Despite much early official coolness, even hostility, on the part of Great Britain, Lesseps was anxious for international participation and offered shares widely. Only the French responded, however, buying 52 percent of the shares; of the remainder, 44 percent was taken up by Saʾīd Pasha. The first board of directors included representatives of 14 countries.

In 1875, financial troubles compelled the new viceroy, Ismāʾīl Pasha, to sell his holding, which (at the instigation of the prime minister, Benjamin Disraeli) was at once bought by the British government. Until that year the shares had remained below their issue price of 500 francs each. With the British purchase (at 568 francs each), steady appreciation took place, to more than 3,600 francs in 1900.

Originally allocated 15 percent of the net profits, Egypt later relinquished the percentage and, after the sale of Ismāʿīl's 176,602 shares, remained unrepresented on the board of directors until 1949, when it was, in effect, reinstated as a board member and allotted 7 percent of gross profits. In that year it was also agreed that 90 percent of new clerical jobs and 80 percent of technical appointments would be offered to Egyptians and that the Canal Company would provide hospitals, schools, and other amenities.

In 1956, 13 years before the concession was due to expire, the canal was nationalized by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, precipitating the Suez Crisis. Since then the Egyptian government has exercised complete control through its Suez Canal Authority (SCA), though the original company (now GDF Suez) continues in France as a multinational utilities company.

International status

Although the canal was built to serve, and profit from, international trade, its international status remained undefined for many years. In 1888 the major maritime powers at the time (except Great Britain) signed the Convention of Constantinople, which declared that the canal should be open to ships of all nations in times of both peace and war. In addition, the convention forbade acts of hostility in the waters of the canal and the construction of fortifications on its banks. Great Britain did not sign the convention until 1904.

The history of international use of the canal during wartime includes denial of passage to Spanish warships during the Spanish-American War of 1898 and permission of passage for a squadron of the Russian navy during the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 and for Italian vessels during Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935-36. Theoretically, the canal was open to all belligerents during World Wars I and II, but the naval and military superiority of the Allied forces denied effective use of the canal to the shipping of Germany and its allies.

Following the armistice between Israel and its Arab opponents in 1949, Egypt denied use of the canal to Israel and to all ships trading with Israel. The first of two canal closings occurred during the Suez Crisis of 1956-57, after Israel attacked Egyptian forces, and French and British troops occupied part of the canal zone. Several ships were trapped within the canal during that blockade and were unable to leave until the north end was reopened in January 1957. The second closing was a consequence of the Arab-Israeli war of June 1967, during and after which the canal was the scene of much fighting between Egypt and Israel and for several years formed the front line between the two armies. Egypt physically barricaded both ends of the canal, and 15 ships, known as the "Yellow Fleet" for the desert sand they slowly accumulated, were trapped in the canal's Great Bitter Lake for the entire duration of the war. The international crews of the anchored ships provided each other with mutual support and camaraderie, though by 1969 most of the crew members had been allowed to leave. With the reopening of the canal in June 1975 and the signing of a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1979, all ships (including those of Israeli registration) again had access to the waterway, though only 2 of the 15 trapped vessels were able to leave under their own power.

Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library

William B. Fisher Charles Gordon Smith

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Suez Canal | History, Map, Importance, & Facts

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Suez Canal: Suez Canal, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and Red seas. It separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.

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http://www.geographicguide.net/africa/egypt.htm

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Same as Wyatt

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https://www.google.com/amp/amp.history.com/news/9-fascinating-facts-about-the-suez-canalhttps://www.google.com/amp/amp.history.com/news/9-fascinating-facts-about-the-suez-canal

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http://www.history.com/news/9-fascinating-facts-about-the-suez-canal

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http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/suez-canal-opens

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THE LINK

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http://www.geographicguide.net/africa/egypt.htm

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Suez canal route

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http://www.history.com/news/9-fascinating-facts-about-the-suez-canal

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Zp1Q7GVGA

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Here is the history of the Suez Canal which dated back to the 1800's

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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Suez-Canal

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The canal is amasing

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http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/transport/comparisons-between-suez-and-panama-canals/25324

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Suez canal is an artificial sealeve
water way in egypt

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https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River

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Nile River, the longest river in the world, called the father of African rivers. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. It has a length of about 4,132 miles (6,650 kilometres) and drains an area estimated at 1,293,000 square miles (3,349,000 square kilometres). Its basin includes parts of Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Sudan, and the cultivated part of Egypt. Its most distant source is the Kagera River in Burundi.

The Nile is formed by three principal streams: the Blue Nile (Arabic: Al-Baḥr Al-Azraq; Amharic: Abay) and the Atbara (Arabic: Nahr ʿAṭbarah), which flow from the highlands of Ethiopia, and the White Nile (Arabic: Al-Baḥr Al-Abyad), the headstreams of which flow into Lakes Victoria and Albert.

The name Nile is derived from the Greek Neilos (Latin: Nilus), which probably originated from the Semitic root naḥal, meaning a valley or a river valley and hence, by an extension of the meaning, a river. The fact that the Nile-unlike other great rivers known to them-flowed from the south northward and was in flood at the warmest time of the year was an unsolved mystery to the ancient Egyptians and Greeks. The ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (Coptic: Iaro), "Black," in allusion to the colour of the sediments carried by the river when it is in flood. Nile mud is black enough to have given the land itself its oldest name, Kem or Kemi, which also means "black" and signifies darkness. In the Odyssey, the epic poem written by the Greek poet Homer (7th century bce), Aigyptos is the name of the Nile (masculine) as well as the country of Egypt (feminine) through which it flows. The Nile in Egypt and Sudan is now called Al-Nīl, Al-Baḥr, and Baḥr Al-Nīl or Nahr Al-Nīl.

The Nile River basin, which covers about one-tenth of the area of the continent, served as the stage for the evolution and decay of advanced civilizations in the ancient world. On the banks of the river dwelled people who were among the first to cultivate the arts of agriculture and to use the plow. The basin is bordered on the north by the Mediterranean; on the east by the Red Sea Hills and the Ethiopian Plateau; on the south by the East African Highlands, which include Lake Victoria, a Nile source; and on the west by the less well-defined watershed between the Nile, Chad, and Congo basins, extending northwest to include the Marrah Mountains of Sudan, the Al-Jilf al-Kabīr Plateau of Egypt, and the Libyan Desert (part of the Sahara).

The availability of water from the Nile throughout the year, combined with the area's high temperatures, makes possible intensive cultivation along its banks. Even in some of the regions in which the average rainfall is sufficient for cultivation, marked annual variations in precipitation often make cultivation without irrigation risky.

The Nile River is also a vital waterway for transport, especially at times when motor transport is not feasible-e.g., during the flood season. Improvements in air, rail, and highway facilities beginning in the 20th century, however, greatly reduced dependency on the waterway.

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Nile River | Delta, Map, Basin, Length, Facts, Definition, Map, History, & Location

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Nile River, the longest river in the world, called the father of African rivers. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. Learn more about the Nile River, including its hydrology and its plant and animal life, in this article.

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The canal has greatly decreased the travel time, for sailors, or traders.

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The canal and nile river is also being used to help defeat terisom.

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Britannica

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https://www.suezcanal.gov.eg/English/About/SuezCanal/Pages/CanalHistory.aspx

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http://www.history.com/news/9-fascinating-facts-about-the-suez-canal

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This video tells how the suez canal made history

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More than a century after the Suez Canal was inaugurated, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi unveils a giant canal expansion. FRANCE 24 takes a look back at a waterway that has changed the course of history.

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Suez Canal, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas. The canal separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans. It is one of the world's most heavily used shipping lanes. The canal extends 193 km (120 miles) between Port Said (Būr Saʿīd) in the north and Suez in the south, with dredged approach channels north of Port Said, into the Mediterranean, and south of Suez. The canal does not take the shortest route across the isthmus, which is only 121 km (75 miles). Instead, it utilizes several lakes: from north to south, Lake Manzala (Buḥayrat al-Manzilah), Lake Timsah (Buḥayrat al-Timsāḥ), and the Bitter Lakes-Great Bitter Lake (Al-Buḥayrah al-Murrah al-Kubrā) and Little Bitter Lake (Al-Buḥayrah al-Murrah al-Ṣughrā). The Suez Canal is an open cut, without locks, and, though extensive straight lengths occur, there are eight major bends. To the west of the canal is the low-lying delta of the Nile River, and to the east is the higher, rugged, and arid Sinai Peninsula. Prior to construction of the canal (completed in 1869), the only important settlement was Suez, which in 1859 had 3,000 to 4,000 inhabitants. The rest of the towns along its banks have grown up since, with the possible exception of Al-Qanṭarah.

Physical features

Geology

The Isthmus of Suez, the sole land bridge between the continents of Africa and Asia, is of relatively recent geologic origin. Both continents once formed a single large continental mass, but during the Paleogene and Neogene periods (about 66 to 2.6 million years ago) the great fault structures of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba developed, with the opening and subsequent drowning of the Red Sea trough as far as the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. In the succeeding Quaternary Period (about the past 2.6 million years), there was considerable oscillation of sea level, leading finally to the emergence of a low-lying isthmus that broadened northward to a low-lying open coastal plain. There the Nile delta once extended farther east-as a result of periods of abundant rainfall coincident with the Pleistocene Epoch (2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago)-and two river arms, or distributaries, formerly crossed the northern isthmus, one branch reaching the Mediterranean Sea at the narrowest point of the isthmus and the other entering the sea some 14.5 km (9 miles) east of present Port Said.

Physiography

Topographically, the Isthmus of Suez is not uniform. There are three shallow water-filled depressions: Lake Manzala, Lake Timsah, and the Bitter Lakes; though distinguished as Great and Little, the Bitter Lakes form one continuous sheet of water. A number of more-resistant bands of limestone and gypsum obtrude in the south of the isthmus, and another significant feature is a narrow valley leading from Lake Timsah southwestward toward the middle Nile delta and Cairo. The isthmus is composed of marine sediments, coarser sands, and gravels deposited in the early periods of abundant rainfall, Nile alluvium (especially to the north), and windblown sands.

When first opened in 1869, the canal consisted of a channel barely 8 metres (26 feet) deep, 22 metres (72 feet) wide at the bottom, and 61 to 91 metres (200 to 300 feet) wide at the surface. To allow ships to pass each other, passing bays were built every 8 to 10 km (5 to 6 miles). Construction involved the excavation and dredging of 74 million cubic metres (97 million cubic yards) of sediments. Between 1870 and 1884 some 3,000 groundings of ships occurred because of the narrowness and tortuousness of the channel. Major improvements began in 1876, and, after successive widenings and deepenings, the canal by the 1960s had a minimum width of 55 metres (179 feet) at a depth of 10 metres (33 feet) along its banks and a channel depth of 12 metres (40 feet) at low tide. Also in that period, passing bays were greatly enlarged and new bays constructed, bypasses were made in the Bitter Lakes and at Al-Ballāḥ, stone or cement cladding and steel piling for bank protection were almost entirely completed in areas particularly liable to erosion, tanker anchorages were deepened in Lake Timsah, and new berths were dug at Port Said to facilitate the grouping of ships in convoy.

Canals, Straits, and More Quiz

Plans that had been made in 1964 for further enlargement were overtaken by the Arab-Israeli war of June 1967, during which the canal was blocked. The canal remained inoperative until June 1975, when it was reopened and improvements were recommenced. In 2015 the Egyptian government finished a nearly $8.5 billion project to upgrade the canal and significantly increase its capacity; nearly 29 km (18 miles) were added to its original length of 164 km (102 miles).

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Suez Canal | History, Map, Importance, Length, Depth, & Facts

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Suez Canal, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and Red seas. It separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.

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the Suez canal affects Egypt's economy because it has most of their food.

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Suez Canal Map Suez Canal Location Suez Canal WW1 Who Controls the Suez Canal Suez Canal Construction Suez Canal Locks Suez Canal Images 1869 Suez Canal 1800s Red Sea Persian Gulf Mediterranean Sea Sinai Peninsula Arabian Peninsula Strait of Gibraltar Strait of Hormuz Nile River Cape of Good Hope Sahara

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i dont know

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The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

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This is a website I found that talks all about the Suez Canal. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Suez-Canal

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Egypt and the Nile River cruise with Value World tours, RiverCruises.net

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This is what I found

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Kimberly Wilburn :)

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ISMAILIA, Egypt (Reuters) - Egypt received a show of international support on Thursday as it inaugurated a major extension of the Suez Canal which President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi hopes will power an economic turnaround in the Arab world's most populous country.

The former armed forces chief, who led a military takeover two years ago but ran for president as a civilian last year, told a ceremony attended by French, Russian, Arab and African leaders that Egypt would defeat the terrorism that dogged the project.

"Work did not take place in normal circumstances, and these circumstances still exist and we are fighting them and we will defeat them," Sisi said after signing an order allowing ships to cross the New Suez Canal.

"We promised a gift to the world and we accomplished it in record time - an additional artery for prosperity and for connecting civilization to enhance the movement of international trade," he said, as the first vessel, a container ship called CMA CGM TITAN, blew its horn and passed through the canal.

The $8 billion project was completed in just one year instead of three on Sisi's orders, but economists and shipping analysts question whether there is sufficient traffic and east-west trade to meet its ambitious revenue targets.

The canal expansion is the centerpiece of a grand agenda by Sisi to cement his tenure as the man who brought stability and prosperity to Egypt after he ousted elected Muslim Brotherhood President Mohamed Mursi in 2013 following mass protests.

The inauguration ceremony was also intended to bolster his international standing in the presence of French President Francois Hollande, Russian Prime Minister Dimitry Medvedev, King Abdullah of Jordan, the emir of Kuwait and the king of Bahrain.

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry was in Cairo on Aug. 2 for a strategic dialogue with Egypt, but no top-level representative of the Obama administration attended the ceremony. Ambassador Robert Beecroft and Darrell Issa, a Republican U.S. Representative from California, attended.

Egypt's allies are keen to burnish its image in a region beset by turmoil. Cairo too faces an increasingly brazen two-year-old insurgency based across the Suez Canal in the Sinai peninsula that has killed hundreds of police and soldiers.

In an ominous turn, Islamic State's Egyptian affiliate released a video on Wednesday threatening to kill a Croatian hostage within 48 hours if Muslim women prisoners were not freed. Last month, the group managed to fire a rocket at an Egyptian navy vessel in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Israel and the Gaza Strip.

But Egyptian authorities say the safety of ships through the strategic canal has never been under threat.

Earlier Sisi, in full military regalia, sailed up the canal, flanked by a young boy in military fatigues waving the Egyptian flag, aboard the yacht El-Mahrousa, the first ship to pass through the Suez Canal when it was opened in November 1869.

Newly delivered French Rafale fighters and U.S. F-16 warplanes staged a flypast, while helicopters flew overhead and naval vessels escorted the yacht in the televised ceremony.

DELIVERANCE FROM PURGATORY

Thursday was declared a public holiday. Cairo and other cities were decked out in bunting, with fairy lights hung from the Nile river bridges and banners proclaiming "From the mother of the world (Egypt) to the whole world".

Tents for the festivities in Ismailia were erected on the east bank of the canal. A giant statue of a toiling canal worker with shovel in hand looked over the waterway. A towering statue of the ancient Egyptian Pharaonic goddess Isis with wings splayed looked out over the new channel, with the flags of the world flying behind it. Nationalist songs by military brass blared.

Sisi was to host a lavish dinner later on Thursday and guests were to be treated to Verdi's Opera Aida.

The yacht was an ambivalent symbol, since King Farouk, the last monarch to rule Egypt, sailed into exile in Italy aboard it after being ousted by the military in 1952.

Egypt had been reeling from years of turmoil since the Arab Spring uprising that deposed autocrat Hosni Mubarak in 2011, and many of the country's nearly 90 million population have suffered from a slower economy, a fall in tourism and high inflation.

The government believes the New Suez Canal and an industrial zone to be developed around it will seal Egypt's deliverance from economic purgatory - to the skepticism of some.

The project involved extending a waterway parallel to part of the 19th century canal connecting the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, as well as deepening and widening the old channel - the shortest shipping route between Europe and Asia.

In Cairo's Tahrir Square a crowd of about 300 gathered in the square honking horns with the color of the Egyptian flag.

"This isn't just for me, it's for my children and grandchildren. This is for the whole world," said 50-year-old Gamal Amin.

But not everyone was enthralled. "There isn't anything new to be celebrating. There are more important things for Egyptian people that this money could have been used for," said Mahmoud, 24, walking past Tahrir.

WISHFUL THINKING

For many Egyptians, as well as economists and experts, the immediate benefits of the expansion, funded largely by a public subscription in Egypt, are not obvious.

The Suez Canal Authority expects a windfall of additional revenue -- $13.23 billion in annual revenue by 2023 from just over $5 billion in 2014, with the number of daily vessels rising from 49 to 97 over the same period.

But sluggish world trade, competition from an expanded Panama Canal and a slower Chinese economy make it unlikely the project can achieve its revenue targets anytime soon or bring about a significant fall in unemployment from about 13 percent.

Some economists have branded the projections 'wishful thinking' especially since Suez Canal revenue growth has failed to keep pace with growth in world trade since 2011.

But British Defense Secretary Michael Fallon praised the project as a "modern wonder". Britain, Egypt's former colonial power, France and Israel launched an ill-fated attack on Egypt after Nasser nationalized the canal in 1956, but were forced to withdraw largely due to U.S. and Soviet pressure.

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Egypt's Sisi opens New Suez Canal, says to defeat terrorists

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ISMAILIA, Egypt (Reuters) - Egypt received a show of international support on Thursday as it inaugurated a major extension of the Suez Canal which President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi hopes will power an economic turnaround in the Arab world's most populous country.

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This is giving information about the Nile River- Rachel, Marissa, Abrianna

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This is giving information about the Nile River- Rachel, Marissa, Abrianna

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG0j0eeyL0w

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The video tells you how the Nile river has helped Egypt through the years.

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From a 2001 VHS program called "World Regions," made by National Geographic and Glencoe McGraw-Hill. The program contained four VHS tapes and spanned from Units 1 - 11 in the textbook. I found the box set in the World Geography supply closet at the school I teach at.

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https://goo.gl/images/FZisqn

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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Suez-Canal  http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/river-nile-facts.html

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http://www.geographicguide.net/africa/egypt.htmhttp://www.geographicguide.net/africa/egypt.htm

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http://blog.ascentgl.com/the-panama-canal-vs.-the-suez-canal

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This link gives information about the Suez Canal.

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Suez Canal, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas. The canal separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans. It is one of the world's most heavily used shipping lanes. The canal extends 193 km (120 miles) between Port Said (Būr Saʿīd) in the north and Suez in the south, with dredged approach channels north of Port Said, into the Mediterranean, and south of Suez. The canal does not take the shortest route across the isthmus, which is only 121 km (75 miles). Instead, it utilizes several lakes: from north to south, Lake Manzala (Buḥayrat al-Manzilah), Lake Timsah (Buḥayrat al-Timsāḥ), and the Bitter Lakes-Great Bitter Lake (Al-Buḥayrah al-Murrah al-Kubrā) and Little Bitter Lake (Al-Buḥayrah al-Murrah al-Ṣughrā). The Suez Canal is an open cut, without locks, and, though extensive straight lengths occur, there are eight major bends. To the west of the canal is the low-lying delta of the Nile River, and to the east is the higher, rugged, and arid Sinai Peninsula. Prior to construction of the canal (completed in 1869), the only important settlement was Suez, which in 1859 had 3,000 to 4,000 inhabitants. The rest of the towns along its banks have grown up since, with the possible exception of Al-Qanṭarah.

Physical features

Geology

The Isthmus of Suez, the sole land bridge between the continents of Africa and Asia, is of relatively recent geologic origin. Both continents once formed a single large continental mass, but during the Paleogene and Neogene periods (about 66 to 2.6 million years ago) the great fault structures of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba developed, with the opening and subsequent drowning of the Red Sea trough as far as the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba. In the succeeding Quaternary Period (about the past 2.6 million years), there was considerable oscillation of sea level, leading finally to the emergence of a low-lying isthmus that broadened northward to a low-lying open coastal plain. There the Nile delta once extended farther east-as a result of periods of abundant rainfall coincident with the Pleistocene Epoch (2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago)-and two river arms, or distributaries, formerly crossed the northern isthmus, one branch reaching the Mediterranean Sea at the narrowest point of the isthmus and the other entering the sea some 14.5 km (9 miles) east of present Port Said.

Physiography

Topographically, the Isthmus of Suez is not uniform. There are three shallow water-filled depressions: Lake Manzala, Lake Timsah, and the Bitter Lakes; though distinguished as Great and Little, the Bitter Lakes form one continuous sheet of water. A number of more-resistant bands of limestone and gypsum obtrude in the south of the isthmus, and another significant feature is a narrow valley leading from Lake Timsah southwestward toward the middle Nile delta and Cairo. The isthmus is composed of marine sediments, coarser sands, and gravels deposited in the early periods of abundant rainfall, Nile alluvium (especially to the north), and windblown sands.

When first opened in 1869, the canal consisted of a channel barely 8 metres (26 feet) deep, 22 metres (72 feet) wide at the bottom, and 61 to 91 metres (200 to 300 feet) wide at the surface. To allow ships to pass each other, passing bays were built every 8 to 10 km (5 to 6 miles). Construction involved the excavation and dredging of 74 million cubic metres (97 million cubic yards) of sediments. Between 1870 and 1884 some 3,000 groundings of ships occurred because of the narrowness and tortuousness of the channel. Major improvements began in 1876, and, after successive widenings and deepenings, the canal by the 1960s had a minimum width of 55 metres (179 feet) at a depth of 10 metres (33 feet) along its banks and a channel depth of 12 metres (40 feet) at low tide. Also in that period, passing bays were greatly enlarged and new bays constructed, bypasses were made in the Bitter Lakes and at Al-Ballāḥ, stone or cement cladding and steel piling for bank protection were almost entirely completed in areas particularly liable to erosion, tanker anchorages were deepened in Lake Timsah, and new berths were dug at Port Said to facilitate the grouping of ships in convoy.

Canals, Straits, and More Quiz

Plans that had been made in 1964 for further enlargement were overtaken by the Arab-Israeli war of June 1967, during which the canal was blocked. The canal remained inoperative until June 1975, when it was reopened and improvements were recommenced. In 2015 the Egyptian government finished a nearly $8.5 billion project to upgrade the canal and significantly increase its capacity; nearly 29 km (18 miles) were added to its original length of 164 km (102 miles).

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Suez Canal | History, Map, Importance, Length, Depth, & Facts

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Suez Canal, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and Red seas. It separates the African continent from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.

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Tatum Harvey-                                                                The link down below tells you when and how the Suez Canal was made, it’s location, it’s start point and end point, and it’s advantages.

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Tatum Harvey-                                                                The link down below tells you when and how the Suez Canal was made, it’s location, it’s start point and end point, and it’s advantages.

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https://youtu.be/8EiXKOORz-Yhttps://youtu.be/8EiXKOORz-Y

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https://youtu.be/GLLnJGHGJfchttps://youtu.be/GLLnJGHGJfc

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The canal gets a lot of boats going though it every year

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the suze canal has a lot of merchants come through the canal that is one reason why they are so rich

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https://youtu.be/3A5bjCNPvVs this give some information about the sezual canel

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www.history.com/news/9-fascinating-facts-about-the-suez-canal

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https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.usatoday.com/amp/679222001https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.usatoday.com/amp/679222001

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canalhttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal

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Pictures of the suze canal www.google.com/search?q=suze+river&client=ms-android-att-us&tbm=isch&prmd=mivn&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimj__N27TZAhVszIMKHec-CiwQ_AUICCgC&biw=360&bih=512&dpr=4

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Www.britannica.com

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Www.brittanica.com

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Www.brittanica

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Www.brittani

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Www.bri

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal

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https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/will-the-nile-bring-egypt-to-the-brink-of-another-political-crisis-this-time-with-sudan-1.693487https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/will-the-nile-bring-egypt-to-the-brink-of-another-political-crisis-this-time-with-sudan-1.693487

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http://historylink101.com/n/egypt_1/a-natural_resources.htm

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Egypt Map Africa - Cairo, Nile River and Suez Canal

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This territory consists of the valley and delta of the Nile, a number of desert oases, and land along the Suez Canal, which connects the Mediterranean with the Gulf of Suez, an arm of the Red Sea.