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an automated e-mail notification that provides subscribers with current information on a topic. (McGraw-Hill)

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rule requiring broadcasters to provide opportunities for the expression of opposing views on issues of public importance. (McGraw-Hill)

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The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is a government agency with authority to regulate interstate and international communications by radio, television, telephone, telegraph, cable, and satellite. (McGraw-Hill)

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a state law that protects reporters from having to reveal their sources. (McGraw-Hill)

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requires federal agencies to release files to the public, unless the material falls into certain exceptions for national security or other confidential information. (McGraw-Hill)

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brief (30 seconds to 2 minutes), frequent, positive descriptions of the candidate or the candidate’s major platform points, and/or negative depictions of the opposing candidate (McGraw-Hill)

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Thousands of reporters have press credentials to cover the House and Senate. Several hundred spend all their time on Congress. Nearly every member of Congress has a press secretary to prepare press releases, arrange interviews, and give out television tapes. (McGraw-Hill)

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Television has also affected how presidential candidates communicate with the voters. (McGraw-Hill)

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a media communication during which a government official makes an announcement or explains a policy, a decision, or an action. (McGraw-Hill)

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a visually interesting event designed to reinforce a politician’s position on some issue. (McGraw-Hill)

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Another way top officials try to influence the flow of information to the press is through a leak, or the release of secret information to the media by anonymous government officials. (McGraw-Hill)

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A press conference involves the news media’s questioning of a high-level government official. Mayors, governors, and leaders of executive agencies all have media strategies that include giving the media certain access. (McGraw-Hill)

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The relationship between journalists and government officials can become adversarial. Politicians want to use the media to help them reach their goals, such as getting reelected and convincing the public that their policies are worthwhile. Government officials would like the media to pass on their messages just as the officials present them. (McGraw-Hill)

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a ready-made story prepared by officials for members of the press; also called a press release. (McGraw-Hill)

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The public relies on reporters to condense and clarify complicated stories. They also count on the media to alert them to important issues and to uncover problems in government. (McGraw-Hill)

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all the means for communicating information to the general public, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet. (McGraw-Hill)

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professional media communicator, including reporter, columnist, editor, editorial writer, editorial cartoonist, photojournalist, correspondent, commentator, and news director. (McGraw-Hill)