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The united nations is an international organization that ...public help, human ... condiction
The United Nations is ... 193 countries ... in New York City

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"We use since to say how long"

We use since + the start of the period (Monday/9 o' clock ect)

1.-I've been waiting since 10 o'clock
2.-We have been in quarantine since March.

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"We use for to say how long"

We use for + a period of time (three days/two years ect)
1.-I've been waiting for an hour
2.- Louis has been in Canada for six months

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We use still to show that something continues up to a time in the past, present or future.
1. Do you still live in Soho?
2. The mail still hasn't come
3. It was cold yesterday. It is still cold today

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"just = a short time ago"

We use just to express that something happened 'a short time ago' or 'very recently'.

We use just for very recent events; just goes after the auxiliary verb have.
1. I've just seen Susan coming out of the cinema!!!
2. Have you just taken my pen?!

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It is important to understand the different use of the two expressions and not mix them up.

We use "been to - have been to" to say when you have moved/travelled to a place and you are not in that place anymore. You have returned.

1. I have been to Italy 3 times
2. Joan's just been to the shop. She bought some cakes.

We use "gone to - have gone to" to say when you have moved/ travelled to a place, but you are still in that place; you have not returned.

1. Mike has gone to Italy
2. Joan's just gone to the shop. She'll be back in about ten minutes.

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"at any time up to now" = until how

We use it to emphasise that we expect something to happen soon.

YET is only used in negative sentences and questions.

YET comes at the END of the sentence or question.

1. Have you finished your project yet?
2. I haven't finished it, yet.
I'll do it tomorrow after dinner.

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"before now"
We use it to emphasise that something happened before something else or earlier than expected.

Already can come between the auxiliary and the past participle verb or at the end of the clause (sentence)

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"before now"

We use it to emphasise that something happened before something else or earlier than expected.

Already can come between the auxiliary and the past participle verb or at the end of the clause (sentence)
1. I've already spent my salary!
2. I've already seen the movie.
3. The train has left already!

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"Never" significa nunca antes de ahora y equivale a "not (...) ever"

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"Never" significa nunca antes de ahora y equivale a "not (...) ever"

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1-.  Have you never played soccer?
2. He has never seen him

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"At any time, the specific time is unknown or unnecessary."

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"At any time, the specific time is unknown or unnecessary."

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Ever comes between the auxiliary (have/has) and the past participle.
1. Have you ever played basketball?
2. Have you ever been to an opera?

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"At any time, the specific time is unknown or unnecessary."

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"At any time, the specific time is unknown or unnecessary."

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1.- Have you ever watched soccer?
2.- Have you ever danced?

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1. saw her

2. started it

3. arrived

4. she went (away)

5. i wore it

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1.  OK

2. Did you seen Kate yesterday?

3. I finished my work at 2 o'clock.

4. OK

5. What time did you finished your work?

6. OK

7. Steve's grandmother died two years ago.

8. Where were you  last night?

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1. has written

2. didn't have

3. played

4. did you go

5. Have you ever

6. was not

7. has visited

8. switched

9. lived

10. have not been

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1.

1. Have you even been

2. went

3. Did you have

4. was

2.

1. Have you seen

2. went

3. haven't seen

3.

1. has worked

2. was

3. worked

4. didn't enjoy

4.

1. have seen- have never spoken - Have you ever spoken.

2. met

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1. since

2. for

3. for

4. since

5. since

6. for

7. for

8. for/since

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1.  Three hours ago.

2.  Two months ago.

3.  Five months ago.

4.  Four days ago.

5.  A year ago.

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1. Jane arrived in Ireland three days ago.

2. Jane has been in Ireland for three days.

3. Lynn and Mark have been married for 20 years.

4. Lynn and Mark got married 20 years ago.

5. Dan arrived an hour ago.

6. I bought these shoes a few days ago.

7. Silvia has been learning English for six months.

8. Have you known Lisa for a long time?

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1. Jane has been in Ireland for three days.

2. Jack has been here since Tuesday.

3. It's been raining for an hour.

4. I've known Sue since 2002.

5. Claire and Matthew have been married for six months.

6. Liz has been studying medicine for three years.

7. David has been played the piano since he was seven years old.

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1. I've lived in this town for nineteen years.

2. I've been in the same house for 6 months.

3. I've been learning English for 2 years.

4. I've known my friend since 2005.

5. I've had 6 cell phones since 2006.

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3. have been

4. has been
5. have lived or have been living

6. has worked/has been working

7. has had

8. have been learning

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2. How long have they been in Brazil?
3. How long have you know Ami?
4. How long  has she been learning Italian?
5. How long has he been living in Canada?
6. How long have you been a teacher?
7. How long  has it been raining?

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2. She's lived in wales all her life.
3. They've been on holiday since Sunday.
4. The sun has been shining all day
5. She's been waiting for 10 minutes.

6. He's had a beard since he was 20.

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1. Mark has lived

2. I know

3. I've known

4. have you been waiting

5. Martin works

6. She has been reading

7. have you lived

8. I've had

9. is - He has been

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3. Have you ever been to Australia?
4. Have you ever lost your passport?
5. Have you ever flown in a helicopter?
6. Have you ever won a race?
7. Hve you ever been to NY?
8. Have you ever driven a bus?
9. Have you ever broken your leg?

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1. They've just arrived.
2. He has just waken up.
3. They have just bought a new car.
4. The race has just started.

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1. What time is Paul arriving? He's already arrived.

2. Do your friends want to see the film? No, They have already seen it.

3. Don't forget to phone Tom. I've already phoned.

4. When is Martin going away? He's already gone.

5. Do you want to read the newspaper? I've already read.

6. When does Sarah start her new job? She's already started.

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1. She hasn't gone out yet.

2. The bus has just gone.

3. The train hasn't left yet.

4. He hasn't opened it yet.

5. They have just finished their dinner.

6. It hasn't stopped raining yet.

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1. Have you started your new job yet?

2. Have you met your new neighbours yet?

3. Have you paid the phone bill yet?

4. Has Tom sold his car yet?

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1. He has cleaned his shoes.
2. She has closed the door.
3. They have gone to bed.
4. It has stopped raining.
5. He has had a shower.
6. The picture has fallen down.

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1. DURATION FROM THE PAST UNTIL NOW

I've been an engineer for 5 years.

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2. EVENT IN THE PAST AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME

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2. EVENT IN THE PAST AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME

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I have meet someone famous

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The United Nations is an international organization that aims to prevent war, and improve public health, human rights, and environmental conditions throughout the world. The United Nations is made up of 193 countries and its headquarters are in New York City.

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1. She's been to New York twice.
2. She's been to Australia once.
3. She's never won a race.
4. She's flown in a helicopter a few times.

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1. 'Can I have a look at your newspaper?' 'Yes, I've finished with it.'

2. I have bought some new shoes. Do you want to see them?.

3. 'Where is Liz?' 'She's not here, She has gone out.'

4. I'm looking for Paula. Have you seen her?

5. Look! Somebody has broken that window.

6.  'Does Lisa know that you're going away?' 'Yes, I have told her.'

7. I can't find my umbrella. Somebody has taken it.

8. 'Where arew my glasses?' 'I don't know. I haven't seen them.'

9. I'm looking for Sarah. Where has She gone?

10. I know that woman, but I have forgotten her name.

11. Sue is having a party tonight. She has invited a lot of people.

12. What are you going to do? have you decided?

13. A: Does  Bill know about the meeting tomorrow?
B: I don't think so. I haven't told him.

14: 'Do you want this magazine?'  'No, I have read it, thanks.'

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1.-Worked
2.-Broke
3.- I´ve forgotten
4.-Checked
5.-Have cleaned
6.-Visited
7.-Haven´t been
8.- Played
9.- Have/done
10.-Haven´t cleaned

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3. REPEATED EVENTS IN THE PAST UNTIL NOW

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3. REPEATED EVENTS IN THE PAST UNTIL NOW

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We've had a lot of tests this year at school

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1. She has had many different jobs.
2. She has done a lot of interesting things.
3. She has travelled all over the world.
3. She has been married three tomes.
4. She has written 10 books.
5. She has met a lot of interesting people.

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1. a)
2. a)
3. b)
4. b)
5. b)
6. a)
7. a)
8. b)
9. b)
10. b)

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Your english has improved so much  since last year

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1. Bill is on holiday at the moment. He's gone to Spain.

2. 'Where's Jane?' 'She's not here. I think she's been to the bank.'

3. Hello, Sue. Where have you gone? Have You been to the bank?

4. 'Have you ever been to México?, 'No, never'.

5. My parents aren't at home at he moment. They've gone out.

6. There's a new restaurant in town. Have you been to it?.

7. Rebecca knows Parìs well. She's been there many times.

8. Helen was here earlier, but I think She's gone now.

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5. UNCOMPLETED ACTIONS THAT IS EXPECTED TO HAPPEN

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5. UNCOMPLETED ACTIONS THAT IS EXPECTED TO HAPPEN

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They still haven't arrived

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1. a)
2. a)
3. b)

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1. b)
2. b)
3. b)
4. c)
5. a)
6. b)
7. b)
8. c)
9. c)
10. a)

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1. a),b),c),g)
2. b),d),f),g)
3. d),e),f)
4. a),b)
5. b),d)
6.  b)

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While living in Paris working in for continental ... engineer ... Nicola Tesla Emigrated to the U.S ... in order to work for ... Works in New York. Tesla left the company ... after, ..et up ... Laboratory ... Westinghouse ... began ... to Tesla's invention of the ... induction ... and public electric power.

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While living in Paris, working for Continental Edison Company, famed-Serbian engineer and physicist, Nikola Tesla, immigrated to the USA in 1884 in order to work for Edison Machine Works in New York. Tesla left the company shortly after, however, to set up his own laboratories. In 1888, Westinghouse Electric began licensing the patents to Tesla's invention of the alternating-current induction motor and its system for distributing public electric power.