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Making Evident Students Expertise is a strategy that offers students to be more confident in their knowledge by giving them the opportunity to pick their own topics that interests them and present it to the rest of the class. Students can start their own research and design lessons about the subject to teach the other students. This helps them build skills in areas of validity, and students also build their verbal communication skills by presenting their information in front of the class.

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Supplementing Conventional Assessments are tests that allow multiple ways for students to express their ideas and knowledge in their own way. These assessments let them use their own cultural experiences to reflect their knowledge. Examples of supplementing conventional assessments are letting students get into small groups and share their knowledge using retelling and reenactments.

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Diverse Classroom Libraries are libraries that offer a large selection of books with very diverse authors and characters. These authors or characters can have different races, religions, and cultures. This makes students feel more comfortable and confident to see themselves and their families being represented in the classroom. This can cause them to be more engages in the stories and motivated to read.

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Syntax Surgery is a strategy that shows students parts of sentences that are confusing to them and shows how they relate. Word orders are very different in English than other languages so it can be difficult for students to come up with sentences when they are speaking or writing English. So with Syntax Surgery, it is essentially dissecting a sentence and laying all the words out onto a sentence strip so students can rearrange the sentence in an easier way. Moving these parts of the sentence around visually will most likely help students remember the order they go in when forming future sentences.

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Close Reading is a strategy that gives help to students when finding out different meanings to make them further their comprehension. Yes, teachers stress the importance of reading closely, but this strategy helps students with all different understandings of reading to give strength in the Common Core State Standards. If you use short texts to exemplify close reading, it is easier for students to listen and ask questions that will better help their understanding. Using short texts keep students engaged and lets their brains form questions about the texts easier than with longer passages.

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Story Reenactment is a strategy that gives students an opportunity to showcase what they have read by reenacting what they have read. This can include making props for their reenactments so they can take the language from the book they read or have heard to better understand and comprehend by acting it out. For this strategy to be completely effective, creating costumes for props or even laminated photos will help the students be involved. The steps for story reenactment are read the story, retell the story, gathering or making props, storing the props, use the props for retelling, and assess the retellings.

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Total Physical Response is a strategy that focuses on approaching second-language acquisitions. Educators will slowly start to initiate commands, and act them out while they say them. Overtime, teachers will stop acting out the commands so the students will slowly start to understand the commands without having to act it out. Total Physical Response Storytelling can be achieved by starting with Total Physical Response, then incorporating hand gestures, asking questions with one word answers, and telling mini stories and having students repeat them back to you.

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Graphic Organizers are pictures and/or visuals that are made to make connections between texts or ideas. This strategy can help ELLs through taking English words that may be confusing to them and putting them in organized and visual designs. Some great examples of graphic organizers are Venn diagrams or flow charts. While making these graphic organizers, it allows students to evaluate what they are reading and look into the relationships between words, brainstorm, and organize their writing.

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Learning Centers are specific areas in the classroom that allow students the opportunity to participate in hands-on activities and this creates different experiences for the students that help them gain new skills, further their existing skills, working together with other students, and help connect their skills to their own needs. This strategy is especially useful for ELLs because it helps build their confidence with verbal interactions and hands-on experiences and this helps their language acquisition and development.

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Modeled Talk is a strategy that focuses on showcasing directions and verbal explanations and it is extremely effective. This strategy uses hand movements, visuals, and affirmation while explanations are being made. These gestures serve helpful to ELLs because they make students feel more comfortable because they have seen these gestures modeled before so it helps them follow along easier. The steps include designing a visual of directions and observing students as you talk.

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Vocabulary Roleplay is a strategy that looks for students to connect what they learn, past experiences, and vocabulary that is new to them all together. This strategy helps children form these vocabulary words in role play while forming and using new vocabulary in sentences. It shows children how many different contexts certain words could be used in and how multiple words can mean different things like a homphone. This strategy is especially helpful for English Learners because of the different meanings of same words. For example read, you can form it in a sentence as "I read a book today" or "I will read the book for the assignment".

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Nash, K. A., Glover, C. P., & Polson, B. (2020). Toward culturally sustaining teaching early childhood educators honor children with practices for equity and change. New York, NY: Routledge.

Jordan, H. &. (2014). 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners. Pearson.

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Contrastive Analysis is a technique used to compare two different languages through their similarities and differences.

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Manipulatives are objects that children can use or handle to help their learning. They are not only used in math and science, they are used to support language skills as well. They are objects like blocks or seeds and do not need to look like other real objects. To work properly, teachers need to use this strategy while showing the connection of academic language. This strategy especially works for English learners when math vocabulary is formed with experiences and not seen differently.

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Predictable Routines are important for the classroom because they help conduct a positive and encouraging environment and lower anxiety of English Language Learners. ELL's do not know exactly what the teacher is saying in class all the time, so sticking to a certain pattern/routine will help them not worry so much about being able to follow different tasks in order. It can be as simple as the placement of certain objects that students can access or a certain schedule that shows daily routines. Another example could be the flickering of lights showing the end of one activity and the start of another.

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Cooperative Learning is a strategy that highlights the task of student's working together to get a project done. The project revolves around all members of the group being given a certain task to accomplish the entire project. This strategy is more effective that normal group work because it acquires cooperative learning. This strategy is very effective for English Language Learners because it encourages communication and gives opportunities for verbal exchange.