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•Refraction is the change in the direction of light when it crosses a boundary between two media.

•A medium is the  substance or material  through which light is  travelling.

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•When the speed of  light changes in different  media

•The particles in a medium slow down the passage of  light waves

•Different media slow down light by different amounts

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Light only refracts at the boundary  when it is entering or leaving a medium
The more that light slows down, the  more the light is refracted

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•Light rays change direction at the surface of the water

•The image of the chest appears to be more shallow than  the actual chest

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•Refracted ray: The  ray after crossing a  boundary between  media

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•Angle of incidence: Angle between the incident ray and normal

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•Angle of refraction:  Angle between  the refracted ray and  the normal

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The part of the light beam that hits the medium first will slow down first

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The angle of refraction is measured  relative to the normal

When moving   from high  to low   refractive index    light bends away   from  the normal

(eg: glass to air)

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The angle of refraction is measured  relative to the normal

When moving from   low  to high   refractive index  light   bends towards the    normal

(eg: air to glass)