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Post #10 Critical Thinking Process Question Responses (Word Document)

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Post #10 Critical Thinking Process Question Responses (Word Document)

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Made by Imshan Shariff and Michael Brancaccio

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Definition:
Confirmation bias is when people argue a point only using evidence that supports their theory and ignores any evidence opposing.

Connection: (Video)
Chemtrails is a movement trying to "ban all dangerous chemicals". Famous debunkers Penn and Teller proved conformation bias among Chemtrail believers by setting up a false petition trying to ban di-hydrogen monoxide. The trick was that many people signed not knowing that dihydrogen monoxide is actually water. On the petition Penn and Teller purposely only included the negatives of water (such as causes drowning etc.). This experiment proved that many people make decisions without all of the facts.

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Water Banning Petition - Penn And Teller

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Penn and Teller get a bunch of environmentalists to sign a petition calling for the ban of Dihydrogen monoxide or in simpler terms H2O or water

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Definition:
Ancient wisdom is when someone believes in ancient practices as opposed to modern medicine because they think that our ancient ancestors were more advanced than us. This is often associated with alternative medication.

Connection: (Article)
This article talks about how a woman died from using alternative therapy to treat her eczema. She died from being administered with a Turmeric injection which has been used in South Asian medicine for many centuries. Studies have not proven any medical benefit of Turmeric.

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A woman has died after receiving an injection of turmeric from a naturopath.

The common spice, used in curries, was partly responsible for the death of 30-year-old Jade Erick from San Diego in California, ruled a medical examiner.

Ms Erick suffered a cardiac arrest caused by an adverse reaction to a turmeric solution administered intravenously.

A friend of hers told a local news channel she was interested in natural healing and her eczema had recently flared up, which could have led her to seek treatment.

Turmeric is grown throughout India and in other parts of Asia and Central America. It is similar to ginger and its root can be ground into an aromatic yellow powder.

It has been used in traditional South Asian medicine for centuries for many conditions, and is often taken as a dietary supplement for conditions such as arthritis and stomach problems.

The plant, and especially a chemical found in it called curcumin, is recommended as a natural treatment by a number of alternative lifestyle blogs.

One site called Dr Axe has published an article titled "10 turmeric benefits: Superior to Medications?" that has been shared on Facebook more than 90,000 times.

It says: "When examining the research, turmeric benefits go beyond that of these 10 drugs: anti-inflammatory drugs; anti-depressants; chemotherapy; anti-coagulants (aspirin); painkillers; diabetes drugs; arthritis medications; inflammatory bowel disease drugs; cholesterol drugs; steroids".

And a headline on the site althealthworks.com says: "Intravenous curcumin - Why it may be the best way to use turmeric yet for cancer, chronic inflammation and much more."

Research has been conducted into the medical properties of turmeric but studies don't strongly support naturopathic claims that it may help reduce inflammation.

A number of studies have shown that curcumin does have anti-cancer effects, according to Cancer Research UK, but the organisation says that more clinical trials are needed before any conclusions can be drawn.

"Turmeric used in cooking is very safe. But we don't know how safe curcumin is when used for medical reasons," the charity said on its website.

"So far, research studies seem to show that it causes few or no side effects. But we don't know much about the side effects of taking it in large amounts to treat or prevent cancer."

A one-hour intravenous infusion of turmeric in San Diego costs around $200 (£160), reported Forbes.

Local naturopathic doctors, who sell oral turmeric pills, told NBC they had not treated Ms Erick.

"Turmeric has been used for centuries and it's got many great properties, among them, one of most powerful anti-inflammatories we know of," Hadas Hilewitz told the broadcaster.

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Woman dies after being given turmeric injection as part of naturopath treatment

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A woman has died after receiving an injection of turmeric from a naturopath. The common spice, used in curries, was partly responsible for the death of 30-year-old Jade Erick from San Diego in California, ruled a medical examiner. Ms Erick suffered a cardiac arrest caused by an adverse reaction to a turmeric solution administered intravenously.

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Definition:
Appeal to Authority is when someone of a higher status, such as a celebrity or a doctor, endorses/promotes a product or ideology in hopes to influence others. This often leads to misinformation and can have harmful outcomes.

Connection: (Video)
This video displays Bill Maher ranting about how he believes the government and big pharmaceutical companies are intentionally keeping people sick with the medicine they are prescribing. Notice how he uses his humor to sway his large following. His actions can lead to people refusing to take the medicine they need to get better.

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Bill Maher ends the show with a rant about big pharma This episode aired on the 28th of Sept. 2007

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Definition:
Ideological support is a set of ideas that are the basis for beliefs and decisions.

Connection: (Article)
This news article talks about how 2 Jehovah's witness woman died due to the declining of blood transfusions. Old Testaments in the Jehovah's witness bible commands the followers to abstain from receiving a blood transfusion. This is what was the basis for the two women's belief in the refusal.

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The McGill University Health Centre has been authorized to perform blood transfusions to treat a 14-year-old girl with cancer, despite her refusal because it goes against her beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness.

In a ruling issued earlier this month, Superior Court Justice Lukasz Granosik concluded that it is lawful to protect a child, sometimes even against their own wishes, when their decision can be fatal or irreversibly alter their lives.

The teen, identified only as "X" because she is a minor, was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma in June 2017 and treated with chemotherapy.

Although Granosik noted that X exhibited a high level of maturity, he ultimately concluded: "The need for a blood transfusion should be considered to save the life of X or avoid permanent damage to her physical integrity."

'Chance of cure at risk,' doctor warned

The treatment has a success rate of 97 per cent with an 85 per cent chance there would be no recurrence. It can, however, require blood transfusions, which are forbidden under Jehovah's Witness doctrine.

Her doctor, aware the teen and her mother were opposed to a transfusion, tried to avoid having to give one.

But in August 2017, following the third round of chemotherapy, her doctor grew increasingly concerned the teen would require a transfusion because of her low platelet count, which can lead to fatal hemorrhaging.

"I am concerned that X and her family will continue to make changes in her treatment plan that are not medically sound and put her chance of cure at risk," her hematologist-oncologist, identified only as Dr. Sabapathy, wrote later the same month.

"I am therefore asking the court to give us permission to transfuse X blood products if needed to [treat] any life threatening drop in her blood counts."

MUHC allowed to perform transfusions

The ruling, issued Sept. 1, allowed the MUHC to provide blood transfusions and other necessary blood treatments for one month, in an effort to treat her cancer and prevent her death.

The Supreme Court has repeatedly examined the right of Jehovah's Witnesses to refuse blood transfusions.

In the case of minors, the key decision comes from Manitoba and dates back to 2009.

In a six-to-one decision, the Supreme Court ruled that a minor should have the opportunity to make decisions of a medical nature, but that the court must have the power to intervene when a human life is in danger.

The Quebec government, meanwhile, has faced pressure to amend the province's Civil Code when it comes to adults, after a Jehovah's Witness woman died six days after she gave birth in October 2016.

Éloïse Dupuis's refusal of an emergency blood transfusion to treat a hemorrhage prompted family members and medical ethicists to push for staff at Quebec hospitals to be allowed to administer life-saving treatment in such circumstances.

With files from The Canadian Press

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Jehovah's Witness, 14, ordered to receive blood transfusion despite beliefs

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The McGill University Health Centre has been authorized to perform blood transfusions to treat a 14-year-old girl with cancer, despite her refusal because it goes against her beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness.

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Post #7 Reason for Belief: Unexplained  

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Post #7 Reason for Belief: Unexplained  

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Definition:
The unexplained reason for belief is when people try to explain things that are generally unknown and sometimes apply this to bizzare concepts.

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This is a predicted picture of what aliens may look like. It relates to the "unexplained" because humans are only guessing that aliens exist and potentially what they look like.

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Post #4 Red Flag: Suppressed by Authorities  

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Post #4 Red Flag: Suppressed by Authorities  

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Definition:
Suppressed by Authorities is when a person or a group of people believe that the government or a big corporation is hiding the truth from the public for personal gain.

Connection: (Video)
This video displays someone from the Flat Earth Society (TFES) confronting a NASA employee at a Starbucks. People in TFES believe that the Earth is actually flat as opposed to spherical. They think that NASA is lying to everyone. These same people also do not believe that humans have never traveled to space.

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Flat Earth believer confronts a NASA employee in Starbucks_News Hashmi

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Flat Earth believer Nathan Thompson confronts a NASA employee in Starbucks but is kicked out of the cafe.

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Post #8 Reason for Belief: Patternicity 

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Post #8 Reason for Belief: Patternicity 

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Definition:
Patternicity is within all humans, it involves the process of looking for patterns in daily aspects of life to try and assign a meaning.

Connection: (Picture)
Patternicity is shown within this picture because although these are obviously 3 birds taking flight, some may see it as a smiling face.

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Post #9 Reason for Belief: Emotional Connection 

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Post #9 Reason for Belief: Emotional Connection 

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Definition:
Emotional Connection is a reason for belief that makes humans want to believe in anything that can closely relate to the subject.

Connection: (Video)
An emotional connection is shown within this video. The psychic "Theresa Caputo" claims to be able to talk to the grandmother who has passed away of the family. Once she says things that are easily relatable to every grandmother the daughter begins to cry showing that she believes Theresa is communicating with the dead.

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Theresa Caputo talks to the Dead | Long Island Medium

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Theresa Caputo is a typical Long Island mum who has a very special gift. She talks to the dead -- and her waiting list is currently several years long. While Theresa helps other families find closure and peace, her own family occasionally get annoyed by her inability to turn this gift "off".