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The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time. It is used by geologists, paleontologists, and other Earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships of events that have occurred during Earth's history.

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Relative dating is the science of determining the relative order of past events (i.e., the age of an object in comparison to another), without necessarily determining their absolute age, (i.e. estimated age).

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the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.

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A fossil trackway is a type of trace fossil, a trackway made by an organism. ... Marine organisms also made many ancient 0trackways (such as the trails of trilobites and eurypterids like Hibbertopterus). Some basic fossil trackway types: footprints. tail drags.

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In geology, petrifaction or petrification is the process by which organic material becomes a fossil through the replacement of the original material and the filling of the original pore spaces with minerals.

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Organisms buried in sediment may decay or dissolve away leaving a cavity or mold. If the space is subsequently filled with sediment, an external castcan be made. Molds and casts are three dimensional and preserve the surface contours of the organism.

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the principle that in a series of stratified sedimentary rocks the lowest stratum is the oldest. 2. n. the displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point.

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Uniformitarianism is defined in the authoritative Glossary of Geology as "the fundamental principle or doctrine that geologic processes and natural laws now operating to modify the Earth's crust have acted in the same regular manner and with essentially the same intensity throughout geologic time