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1. the NCSU reader does contain useful information but it is extra.
2. Intarsia Jacquard with float backing was not taught to you, because even though it is technically possible, it is not very common.
3. it's surpass

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Is it important that we learn the readers or is it only for deeper information?

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Do we need two needle beds to create an Intarsia Jacquard with a float backing? 

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Do we need two needle beds to create an Intarsia Jacquard with a float backing? 

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Are the Intarsia Jacquard and the normal Jacquard two different knitting methods?
Intarsia Jacquard has the backing localised on a specific area where the pattern is, while the normal jacquard has the backing everywhere.

Is it true that the normal Jacquard is reversible and the Intarsia Jacquard not, meaning that it shows the floatings etc on the back?  yes, that is true
And why does is it say that the Intarsia Jacquard uses two needle beds although it is a RL? in the area where the pattern is, the machine needs to use the second needled to create the jacquard backing. the rest of the knit, what's around the pattern, mainly the background.. will be an intarsia RL.

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What exactly is stitch bonding (last lecture)? Is it weft insertion?

No, stitch bonding is a special case of warp knitting which, adds to the structure being knitted, fibres that are more or less orientated. So, basically stitch bonding is a term that refers to technology for processing non-wovens.

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a mislapping guide bar to obtain the lengthwise and widthwise reinforcement respectively - what is meant with this explanation? What is a misshaping guide bar?

Usually, a guidebar is the one who brings in threads to the needles. it is placed behind and above the needlebar. it usually has to swing in, move left to perform overlap, swing out and move right to allow the needles to create stitches.

When a guidebar is misslapping it means that it brings the thread in to the knitting area but it does not move. while the needles are knitting stitches with yarns from other guidebars, this one does not move...and just deposits yarn vertically in the structure, imbetween stitches. This reinforcement yarn will not be knitted into stitches since there is no overlap occurring.

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What is the main purpose of a trick plate? what does it do?
it helps with the cast-off part of the stitch formation process on a double bed Raschel warp knitting machine

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Does the robbing back phenomena  just appear in flatbed knitting or also in circular knitting?
Thanks in advance
It appears in both.. because it is very easy for the needle, when it goes down to loop the thread, to pull the yarn from the neighbouring needle that is going up, instead of pulling from the cone.

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Do we need to know how all these bindings are made for a RL?
No, you don't.

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-About the fournisseur, is it always part of an electric knitting machine or is it optional? since it is mentioned that it is not used for elastic yarns...  The fournisseur is there most of the time.. as a means of controlling the tension in the yarn. (full explanation in the ppt comment section)... BUT, sometimes is replaced with a device that looks like this.. see picture at the end. So, not optional.. but more according to the end application? we don't use it for elastic yarns because these yarns will stretch around the rollers always tightly, no matter at what speed they turn.. so the tension in the elastomeric yarn will not be influenced even if the device is used.
-What is the difference between fully fashioned and measured  goods?
Fully fashioned is a panel coming out of the machine already knitted in shape (ex: of a V-neck with narrowing and widening to give it the necessary form of an neckline.. or even armholes), while measured goods are panels that are rectangular in shape, right dimension(height and width) and having only the border piece (rib2x2 or tubular) at the bottom BUT WITHOUT the shape of the neckline or armhole. These would have to be cut into shape afterwards.
-How do the the high and low needle butts influence the production of a real interlock fabric? since the dial cam and the cylinder cam are used ...
First of all, the dial and cylinder needles are facing each other. Secondly, the needles are either SHORT or LONG. Not the needle butt, but the actual needle is either short or long. Usually when a short needle will be place in the dial, the corresponding needle in the cylinder will be a long one. I think I will make an additional post to explain this better.

-What is meant with backside knitting concerning the Intarsia Argyle?
Intarsia Argyle is a RL knit with no backing (V's on the front, arches on the back), basically knitted on one needlebed, with a very specific pattern ( I added a picture of it to the wall). Unlike a jacquard that can have all kinds of backings that don't match the pattern on the front... when you turn an intarsia argyle, on the back you will see the exact motif as on the front.. so, the colours in one area on the front will be the same on the back of the fabric.. and there will be practically no backing, because the second needlebed is not working.
THANK YOU IN ADVANCE!
you are very welcomed :)

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On which knitting machine is a Terry fabric created? And when it is a RR Terry fabric, are the loops on both sides of the fabric?

on flatbed machines: both on RL(with a special sinker) and a RR. and if it is a RR, the front needle would create the normal stitch, the back needle would create the loop.
on circular machines: idem
on warp knitting machines: one additional element is added to the normal sinkers to be able to create the loops.

what you are referring to, with the loops being on both sides... that is a special step in the production process of fleece (double brushing), that pulls the fibres from one side to the other.

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What exactly is the difference between seamless knitting and ready to wear knitting? Aren't they both 'completely finished' when they come out of the machine? Meaning both are in 3D when coming out?
Thank you!!

"Ready to wear" has rather different connotations in the spheres of fashion and classic clothing, but in knitting it means =whole garment= the only garment that does not require seams. if the sweater comes out of the knitting machine, you could actually put it on and wear it.

"Seamless" technology, despite the name, may require some seams. Take a look at the shorts below.. it's seamless technology, knitted on a circular knitting machine, but to finish the product, the tubular fabric would have to be cut at the bottom part and overlocked to separate the leg openings.

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Interlock short and long needles

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Argyle motif