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Works Cited

Abidor, Jen. “This ‘SpongeBob’ Theory Might Ruin Your Whole Damn Childhood.” BuzzFeed, 17 May 2017, www.buzzfeed.com/jenniferabidor/this-spongebob-theory-explains-a-lot-about-mr-krabs-and?utm_term=.ac1PlxmqA#.fnwEq84Pb.

“Andrew Carnegie, Philanthropist.” America's Story from America's Library, Libraryof Congress, www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/carnegie/aa_carnegie_phil_1.html.

Biography.com Editors. “Andrew Carnegie.” Biography.com, A&E Networks, 22 Nov. 2016, www.biography.com/people/andrew-carnegie-9238756.

Breeding, Brad. “Charitable Contributions: Tips for Seniors to Safely Give.” My LifeSite, My LifeSite LLC, 31 Oct. 2017, www.mylifesite.net/blog/post/charitable-contributions-tips-for-seniors-to-safely-give/.

“Coal and Steel Working Conditions.” Johnston Area Heritage Association, Johnston Area Heritage Association, 2006, www.jaha.org/edu/discovery_center/work/img/conditions/.

“Hogan Steele Archive.” Libraries, www.library.fordham.edu/steelarchive/steelarchives1.html.

WGBH Education Foundation. “Biography: Andrew Carnegie.” PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 1996, www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/carnegie-biography/.

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Andrew Carnegie was born on November 25, 1835 in Scotland. Although he was not part of the richest family, his father was an advocate of good education. In 1848, Carnegie and his family relocated to Pennsylvania: here Carnegie earned a $1.70 wage. He then moved up to the telemarketing business, in 1853, where he learned key points of business. The telegraph business was parallel with the railroad industry. His background here formed the foundation needed for the steel industry.

Biography.com Editors. “Andrew Carnegie.” Biography.com, A&E Networks, 22 Nov. 2016, www.biography.com/people/andrew-carnegie-9238756.

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In the Second Industrial Age needs of the United States rapidly increased. Problems arose with new industry inventions. For instance, railroads were built out of iron. Iron was a tough metal, but it would wear within two years. Carnegie brought the Bessemer Process to the US. The Bessemer process used impurities in iron and converted it into steel. This allowed for cheaper steel to be made; which in turn powered railroads, and helped with the skeletal outlines of buildings to make skyscrapers.

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Andrew Carnegie was an advocate for "Gospel of Wealth". In this philosophy, once one had gotten to be pretty well of, it was their duty to support those who were at societies bottom. After he sold his business to  J.P. Morgan, Carnegie invested a good amount of his money in public health operations. He donated $10 million in funding for teacher's pension; $120 million to aid colleges and schools; he invested enough money to create over 2,000 libraries. In 1911, 90% of Carnegie's fortune had been given up for charity.

Breeding, Brad. “Charitable Contributions: Tips for Seniors to Safely Give.” My LifeSite, My LifeSite LLC, 31 Oct. 2017, www.mylifesite.net/blog/post/charitable-contributions-tips-for-seniors-to-safely-give/.

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Carnegie was an advocate preacher of worker's rights, but his factories revealed otherwise. Workers worked for long hours, and were paid less. In the Homestead Strike of 1892, instead of backing up workers were his heart lay, Carnegie stood beside the corporate monster Henry Clay Flick. Worker's were put out of the job, during this conflict, and many died. Carnegie would come to regret his position as time went on.
“Hogan Steele Archive.” Libraries, www.library.fordham.edu/steelarchive/steelarchives1.html.

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Money! Money! Money! Must Be Funny! In A Rich Man's World!

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Money! Money! Money! Must Be Funny! In A Rich Man's World!

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When Carnegie first started off in the railroad business he made many investments, especially in the oil industry. After the Civil War, he left the railroad industry to found an iron business called the Keystone Bridge Company. As the iron industry wound itself with with problems, Carnegie looked to find a way to free his industry. In Pittsburgh, he created the first steel industry called Carnegie Steele Corporation. Vertical integration is when one possess all parts of an industry. In Carnegie's case, that meant he made the steel, shipped the steel, and marketed the steel. At 33, he had a net worth of $400,00 (5 million). J.P Morgan offered to buy Carnegie Steele Corporation, and Carnegie (now 68) left the deal with $480 million to his name.

Abidor, Jen. “This ‘SpongeBob’ Theory Might Ruin Your Whole Damn Childhood.” BuzzFeed, 17 May 2017, www.buzzfeed.com/jenniferabidor/this-spongebob-theory-explains-a-lot-about-mr-krabs-and?utm_term=.ac1PlxmqA#.fnwEq84Pb.