# data[].attributes.body
laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

# data[].attributes.headline
Unit X: The Reconstruction Era Vocabulary 

# data[].attributes.subject
Unit X: The Reconstruction Era Vocabulary 

# data[].attributes.body
It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".

# data[].attributes.body
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States

# data[].attributes.body
a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices

# data[].attributes.body
Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries

# data[].attributes.body
remove the black threat, the General Assembly created an indirect literacy test, called the “Eight Box Law.” The law required a separate box for ballots for each office; a voter had to insert the ballot into the corresponding box or it would not count.

# data[].attributes.body
he Redeemers were a political coalition in the Southern United States

# data[].attributes.body
Democrats planned in the majority-black/Republican Edgefield District, to disrupt Republican meetings and suppress black voting through actual and threatened violence

# data[].attributes.body
Wade Hampton III was a Confederate States of America military officer during the American Civil War and politician from South Carolina.

# data[].attributes.body
Redshirts of the Southern United States were white supremacist paramilitary groups that were active in the late 19th century in the last years and after the end of the Reconstruction era of the United States

# data[].attributes.body
was any person from the Northern United States who came to the Southern states after the American Civil War and was perceived to be exploiting the local populace for their own purposes

# data[].attributes.body
a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit

# data[].attributes.body
a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land

# data[].attributes.body
three distinct movements in the United States that have advocated extremist reactionary positions such as white supremacy

# data[].attributes.body
prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".

# data[].attributes.body
addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War.

# data[].attributes.body
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction

# data[].attributes.body
were U.S. Senator Charles Sumner and U.S. Representative Thaddeus Stevens. They led the call for a war that would end slavery.

# data[].attributes.body
an agency of the War Department set up in 1865 to assist freed slaves in obtaining relief, land, jobs, fair treatment, and education.

# data[].attributes.body
It was the rebuilding of the United States after the Civil War, mostly came from President Lincoln