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Background- USA invasion of Afghanistan (2001)

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Background- USA invasion of Afghanistan (2001)

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U.S. was supported by the United Kingdom + Canada and later by a coalition of over 40 countries, including all NATO members

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About seventy armed groups are believed to be fighting in Eastern Congo (Council on Foreign Relations). The United Nations has 19,000 'peacekeeping' soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo trying to keep peace in this somewhat calmed, but prolonged conflict.

What is unique about the conflict is that foreign militias such as the Democratic Forces for the Liberations of Rwanda (DFLR) trying to gain territory in Congo by terrorising local populations in poorly/weakly governed areas of the country.

President Joseph Kabila postponed the 2016 so that he could stay in a position of power after his term ended. This caused a lot of uproar amongst the population as Congolese people want(ed) change in the government, and their rights to be respected. In addition to this, there have been reports that police have been using force to put down student uprisings against the tyrant president.

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Effect of political instability on the development of the Congo - Qais

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Effect of political instability on the development of the Congo - Qais

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Since the end of the Second Congo War, the Democratic Republic of Congo has began to improve economically, however its economic improvement is hindered by the abuse of power by the elite class. Congo's leaders have redirected billions of dollars from the country and foreign powers bribe high ranking officials in order to get raw materials for cheap prices and make billions in the process.
The conflict in Eastern Congo, caused by the plethora of armed groups is directly associated with the corruption, bribery and poverty within the state.
The primary reason for the DRC's constant economic growth is a consequence of the 24 Trillion dollars worth of natural resources that it currently sit on. Its GDP growth has been steady at a relatively high 8%, and its inflation rate at a healthy 1-2%. However there are no statistics on the unemployment in the DRC. This is partly because of the large number of displaced Congolese within the nation, and mostly due to the weak institutions and corruption that the state is built on.
Overall, the unfortunate conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and as a result its weak institutions, have very heavily held back the undisputed king of natural resources from reaching its full developing potential.

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🤕Invasion led to increased poverty
🤕Afghanistan ranks 174/ 178 in HDI (indicator that measures education, longevity + economic performance)
🤕6.6million Afghans don't meet their minimum food requirements
Women + children are the worst affected --> 60,000 children are addicted to drugs + 100,000 are disabled + affected physically due to the prolonged conflicts

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Change in Syrian GDP throughout the conflict: 

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Change in Syrian GDP throughout the conflict: 

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2010: $60 billion.
2011: $58.9 billion.
2012: $42.4 billion.
2013: $30.4 billion.
2014: $21.1 billion.
2015: $14 billion.

Estimated that the cost of damages to infrastructure in Syria is around $41 billion.

Cumulative Syrian GDP losses from 2011 to 2016 are estimated to be around $226 billion dollars.

Social effects of the Syrian conflict (the effect on the people):
Estimated that the death toll is between 400,000 and 470,000. More than half of the Syrian population forced to seek asylum in other nations. This effect on the people of Syria has drastically slowed down the production in Syria which is why we are seeing a very steep drop in the GDP.

Syria's population before the war: 22 million.
Around 11 million forced to leave the country due to the life threatening dangers.
around 1 million wounded.
and around 400 million killed.
13,600 child casualties (Note that the majority of child casualties were not recorded)

The legal registered number of Syrian refugees around the world is around 4.8 million. (excluding refugees who migrated illegally).

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Eden - Economic growth in Afghanistan since 2001

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Eden - Economic growth in Afghanistan since 2001

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GDP in USD:
2001 --> 2.462 billion
2003 --> 4.584 billion
2006 --> 7.058 billion
2009 --> 12.49 billion
2012 --> 20.54 billion

Evidence of a steady increase of GDP which is a result of many factors. Although the GDP per capita has increased by 64% since 2002 Afghanistan is still one of the poorest countries. Even after the recent return of thousands of refugees the unemployment rate is still decreasing especially since the war in Afghanistan is still ongoing and there are not many opportunities for employment as a result. The increasing GDP is as a result of the reconstruction of previous infrastructure and the aid of foreign entities e.g. (USAID)

GDP Per Capita

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The conflict has inflicted significant damage to the Syrian Arab Republic’s physical capital stock (7 percent housing stock destroyed and 20 percent partially damaged), led to large numbers of casualties and forced displacement (between 400,000 and 470,000 estimated deaths and more than half of Syria’s 2010 population forcibly displaced), while depressing and disrupting economic activity. From 2011 until the end of 2016, the cumulative losses in gross domestic product (GDP) have been estimated at $226 billion, about four times the Syrian GDP in 2010.

It is estimated that 6.3 million people are displaced and 4.9 million are officially registered as refugees.

Lack of sustained access to health care, education, housing, and food has pushed millions of people into unemployment and poverty.

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A-SDG program is a global aspiration for all governments to implement Sustainable development by 2030. This is no exception to Afghanistan. However the extent to which this state can complete this agenda is far more limiting. Especially in the regards of Human or social development. This is because Afghanistan is still in a state of war.