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Yellowstone Super Volcano Threat Level Just Increased To High By The U.S. Geological Survey

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Mount Etna, or Etna (Italian: Etna [ˈɛtna] or Mongibello [mondʒiˈbɛllo]; Sicilian: Mungibeddu [mʊndʒɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ] or â Muntagna; Latin: Aetna), is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messinaand Catania. It lies above the convergent plate margin between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is the highest active volcano in Europe outside the Caucasus.[3] It is currently 3,329 m (10,922 ft) high, though this varies with summit eruptions. It is the highest peak in Italy south of the Alps. Etna covers an area of 1,190 km² (459 sq mi) with a basal circumference of 140 km (87 miles). This makes it by far the largest of the three active volcanoes in Italy, being about two and a half times the height of the next largest, Mount Vesuvius. Only Mount Teide on Tenerife(Spain) surpasses it in the whole of the European–North-African region west of the Black Sea.[4] In Greek Mythology, the deadly monster Typhon was trapped under this mountain by Zeus, the god of the sky and thunder and king of gods, and the forges of Hephaestus were said to also be located underneath it.[5]

Mount Etna

Etna with the city of Catania in the foreground

Highest point

Elevation

| 3,329 m (10,922 ft) (varies)[1]

Prominence

| 3,329 m (10,922 ft)
Ranked 59th

Isolation

| 999 kilometres (621 mi)

Listing

| Ultra

Coordinates

| 37°45.3′N 14°59.7′E [1]

Geography

Mount EtnaMetropolitan City of Catania in Sicily, Italy

Geology

Age of rock

| 350,000 – 500,000 years

Mountain type

| Stratovolcano

Last eruption

| 2014 to 2018 (Ongoing)[2]

UNESCO World Heritage site

Criteria

| Natural: viii

Reference

| 1427

Inscription

| 2013 (37th Session)

Area

| 19,237 ha

Buffer zone

| 26,220 ha

Mount Etna is one of the world’s most active volcanoes and is in an almost constant state of activity. The fertile volcanic soils support extensive agriculture, with vineyards and orchards spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south. Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population, Mount Etna has been designated a Decade Volcano by the United Nations.[6] In June 2013, it was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[7]

Etna seen behind the Rocca di Novara

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Mahagnao Volcano also known as part of (Mahagnao Volcano Natural Park) is a dormant volcano located in the Barangay Mahagnao part of the municipality of Burauenprovince of Leyte, Philippines. It is also bounded by the municipalities of La Paz and MacArthur.[2] The area is mostly composed of wetland forests and also the birth of many rivers and streams flowing on many part of Burauen and on its neighboring towns.

Mahagnao Volcano

Mahagnao VolcanoLocation within the Philippines

Highest point

Elevation

| 860 m (2,820 ft)

Listing

| Inactive volcano[1]

Coordinates

| 10°52′28″N124°51′34.79″E

Geography

Location

| Leyte Island

Country

| Philippines

Region

| Eastern Visayas

Province

| Leyte

Municipalities

| Burauen La Paz MacArthur

Geology

Mountain type

| Stratovolcano

Last eruption

| 1895 (disputed)

Because of the abundance of fresh waters on its area, Burauen was also known as the Spring Capital of Leyte.

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Merapi, a steep stratovolcano north of Central Java's capital Yogyakarta, is Indonesia's most active volcano. It erupts on average every 5-10 years and is feared for its deadly pyroclastic flows - avalanches of hot rocks and gas that are generated when parts of new lava domes constructed during eruptions in the summit crater collapse and slide down the mountain's steep flanks.
The name "Merapi" from old Javanese language means "the one making fire" is a popular name for volcanoes: another volcano with the same name Merapi is in the Ijen Massif in East Java and similarly called volcano "Marapi" lies on Sumatra Island.

Background:

Merapi dominates the landscape immediately north of the city of Yogyakarta in one of the world's most densely populated areas. Merapi is the youngest and southernmost of a volcanic chain extending NNW to Ungaran volcano. The steep-sided modern Merapi edifice, its upper part unvegetated due to frequent eruptive activity, was constructed to the SW of an arcuate scarp cutting the eroded older Batulawang volcano. Pyroclastic flows and lahars accompanying growth and collapse of the steep-sided active summit lava dome have devastated cultivated lands on the volcano's western-to-southern flanks and caused many fatalities during historical time. Since 1953, activity has been characterized by extrusion of lava into the summit crater, with periodic lava dome collapse and nuée ardente formation. Summit lava dome growth has continued since the 1969 gas explosion. It is monitored from the Merapi Volcano Observatory (MVO) in Yogyakarta.

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Vulcan, named after the Roman god of fire, is an inactive volcano on Albuquerque, New Mexico's West Mesa. It is the largest of the volcanoes in Albuquerque's Volcanic Field . Vulcan is a spatter cone, formed primarily by fire fountains that were active in the central vent and in smaller vents on flanks of the cone. These flank vents formed the arches and caves seen today. From a vantage point on top of the cone 600 feet above valley floor, the alignment of the 5-mile-long chain of vents is particularly noticeable.[1] (Spatter forms when blobs of lava are emitted from a vent and cool as they fly through the air, and the partially molten blobs then land on the side of the cone to weld together to form a hard crust.) Fragmented cinder and spatter material and lava flows dip at angles as high as 55° away from the central vent on the eastern and southern side of Vulcan. The spatter material is thickest on the southeastern side of Vulcan, indicating that it was blown by the wind toward the south and east during the fountaining events. A solidified lava pond that consists of a massive gray basalt with weakly developed columnar jointing occupies the crater of Vulcan. Radial, sinuous lava tubes 8 to 20 inches across and 300 feet long are preserved on the northeast and northwest flanks of Vulcan.[2][3]

Vulcan lies in a large geological zone known as the Rio Grande rift, which follows the Rio Grande from southern Colorado through El Paso, Texas, after which it becomes indistinguishable from the Range and Basin province of northern Mexico. This rent in the Earth's surface, where two land masses are pulling away from one another, is responsible for much of the volcanic activity and mountain-building that occurred throughout the area.

Vulcan lies in Petroglyph National Monument, with access to the volcanoes during business hours, after which any vehicles are locked in and subject to fines and impound. It rests in a volcanic field approximately 7 mi. northwest of Albuquerque. To the south are the volcanoes Black, followed by JA volcano. To the north lie Bond and Butte volcanoes and the Jemez Mountains. To the west is the giant stratovolcano Mount Taylor (Navajo: Tsoodził, The Turquoise Mountain), and to the east are the cities of Rio Rancho, Albuquerque, the village of Corrales, and the Sandia Mountains.

Vulcan is believed to have last erupted around 150,000 years ago. It was once believed to be extinct. After Earth and space-based geodetic measurements indicated ongoing surface uplift above the Socorro Magma Body at approximately 2 mm/year, it was reclassified as inactive or dormant

MEMBERS:

LORY
NOLASCO
DACAY
GILLESANIA
VEGA
BORROMEO
QUIWAG
RONDINA

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Active volcano
Smith Volcano , also known as Mount Babuyan , is a
cinder cone on Babuyan Island , the northernmost of
the Babuyan group of islands on Luzon Strait , north of
the main island of Luzon in the Philippines . The
mountain is one of the active volcanoes in the
Philippines , which last erupted in 1924.
The volcano is politically located in the Municipality of
Calayan, Cagayan province, the town that has
jurisdiction over the Babuyan Islands except Fuga
Island .
Physical features
The sparsely-vegetated cinder cone is 688 meters
(2,257 ft) high with a base diameter of 4.5 kilometers
(2.8 mi). [1] Layers of basaltic lava flows are evident
south of the volcano. [1][2]
Smith Volcano is one of the probably five Pleistocene-
to-Holocene volcanic centers on Babuyan Island (also
known as Babuyan de Claro Island) with Smith, the
youngest volcano on the island. The largest on the
island is Babuyan Claro (also known as Mt. Pangasun ),
an active stratovolcano with two well-preserved
summit craters 300 and 400 m (980 and 1,310 ft) in
diameter, located in the center of the island. [2]
Babuyan Claro is about 4.3 kilometers (2.7 mi) peak-to-
peak southeast of Smith Volcano, which is the north-
westernmost summit on the triangular-shaped
island. [3]
Eruptions
Smith Volcano has erupted six times, the last of which
was in 1924. [3]
Emergency investigation of 1993
A team of volcanologists from the Philippine Institute
of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) Quick
Response Team conducted an investigation on July 8,
1993 following reports of unusual volcanic activity at
Babuyan Island. Results of the survey showed that
Smith Volcano was quiet with no volcanic earthquakes
recorded during the survey.
[hide map ] [enlarge map ]
Typical eruption style : explosive
Babuyan Claro volcano eruptions: 1917, 1913, 1860, 1831
Last earthquakes nearby:
Time Mag. /
Depth
Distance Location
Wed, 24 Oct
Wed, 24 Oct
13:23 UTC
M 2.1 /
22 km
46 km 064 km N 17° E of
Calayan (Cagayan)
Wed, 17 Oct
Wed, 17 Oct
23:23 UTC
M 2.4 /
33 km
37 km 039 km N 89° E of
Calayan (Cagayan)
Sat, 13 Oct
Sat, 13 Oct
06:41 UTC
M 2.4 /
30 km
48 km 066 km N 16° E of
Calayan (Cagayan)
Sat, 13 Oct
06:40 UTC
M 2.4 /
26 km
46 km 062 km N 16° E of
Calayan (Cagayan)
Sat, 29 Sep
Sat, 29 Sep
14:05 UTC
M 2.0 /
26 km
53 km 057 km N 18° E of
Calayan (Cagayan)
View all recent quakes
Send Volcano
Report
Babuyan Claro volcano
Babuyan Claro (Mt. Pangasun) is
the largest and second youngest of
5 volcanoes that built up Babuyan
Island, 100 km off the north coast
of Luzon, Philippines. Babuyan Claro is an active
stratovolcano of ca. 7 cubic km volume and has 2
summit craters of 300 and 400 m in diameter.
Smith volcano (Mt. Babuyan) 4 km to the NW of
Babuyan Claro is the youngest volcano on the island and
forms a beautiful 668 m high symmetrical basaltic-
andesite cinder cone with ca. 3 cubic km volume.
Both Babuyan Claro and Smith volcanoes have
apparently been active in historical time, although it is
not always certain which volcano erupted. Eruptions at
Babuyan Claro are typically strombolian and/or
phreatomagmatic.
The Askedna Hot Spring is located at the southern base
of Babuyan Claro.
Background:
The oldest volcanoes (Cayonan, Naydi, and Dionisio)
started to form 1.7 million years ago and consist mainly
of calc-alkaline andesitic and basaltic andesitic lava
flows.
1980 landslide
Hot mudflows were triggered by a landslide 600 m above
sea level on the NW flank of Babuyan Claro volcano in
early February 1980. The mudflows (lahars) damaged
rice fields and roads, and forced the evacuation of Smith Volcano. Smith Volcano, also known as
Mount Babuyan, is a cinder cone on Babuyan
Island, the northernmost of the Babuyan group of
islands on Luzon Strait, north of the main island of
Luzon in the Philippines. The mountain is one of the
active volcanoes in the Philippines, which last
erupted in 1924.
Inactive volcano
Barva Volcano is an andesitic stratovolcano complex in
central Costa Rica, 22 km north of San José , in Heredia
Province . On the eastern side of the mountain it has a
lake in what was the volcanic crater, called "Laguna de
Barva", and in the western side it has three hills on the
top which are called "Las Tres Marías". [1] It is located
in the small agricultural community of Sacramento.
Barva has several eruptive centres at its summit and
many parasitic cones on its flanks. Its three principal
summits visible from the Central Valley give it the
common local name of Las Tres Marías (The Three
Marys).
Four pyroclastic cones are present within the 2 x 3 km
caldera at the central and northwestern part of the
summit. The southwestern peak contains four cones,
one of which has a crater lake. [1]
The last confirmed eruptive activity at Barva Volcano
has been dated to 8,050 years ago. There were reports
of eruptions in the 1760s and in 1867, but
investigations at the summit did not find evidence to
volcano 2906 m / 9,534 ft
Costa Rica, 10.14°N / -84.1°W
Current status : normal or dormant (1 out of 5) | Reports
Barva volcano books
[hide map ] [enlarge map ]
Typical eruption style : unspecified
Barva volcano eruptions: 6050 BC ± 1000 years
Last earthquakes nearby:
Time Mag. /
Depth
Distance Location
Wed, 31 Oct
Wed, 31 Oct
18:24 UTC
M 3.4 / 3
km
4 km 8 km al Noroeste de
Varablanca, Heredia.
Tue, 30 Oct
Tue, 30 Oct
21:10 UTC
M 2.5 / 6
km
26 km 2 km al Este de
Piedades de Santa Ana.
Tue, 30 Oct
21:09 UTC
M 3.2 /
10 km
25 km 2 km al Oeste de
Piedades de Santa Ana.
Mon, 29 Oct
Mon, 29 Oct
21:35 UTC
M 2.8 / 9
km
27 km 2 km al Oeste de
Piedades de Santa Ana.
Fri, 26 Oct
Fri, 26 Oct
20:28 UTC
M 2.9 / 9
km
24 km 0 km al Suroeste de
Santa Ana, San Jose.
View all recent quakes
Send Volcano
Report
Barva volcano
Background:
The central and least known of
three massive volcanoes towering
over the capital city of San José, Volcán Barva (Barba) is
a complex volcano with multiple summit and flank vents.
Its three principal summits visible from the Central Valley
give it the common local name of Las Tres Marías. The
voluminous andesitic-to-dacitic Tiribí Tuff, exposed in the
Central Valley of Costa Rica, was erupted about 322,000
years ago from the Barva summit caldera. Four
pyroclastic cones are constructed within the 2 x 3 km
caldera at the central and NW part of the summit. The
SW peak contains four cones, one of which has a crater
lake. Satellitic cones are found on the northern and
southern flanks. Lava flows blanket the south side of
Barva volcano. The Los Angeles flow, one of the most
recent, descends nearly to the city of Heredia. A large
plinian eruption occurred at Barva during the early
Holocene. Eruptions were reported in 1760 or 1766, 1776?
(also a mudflow), and 1867, but later visits to the
summit did not provide evidence of eruptions during
historical time.
---
-Gomondan's Group
Maribojoc
Aristoteles
Alimudin
Onding
Delos Santos
Nogodula
Bering

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GROUP 1
(INACTIVE VOLCANO)
MT. MALIPUNYO (MT. MALARAYAT)
Batangas and Laguna
Entry point: Brgy. Talisay, Lipa
Exit point: Brgy. Atisan, San Pablo City
Elevation: 1005 MASL
Days required / Hours to summit: 1 day / 3-5 hours
Specs: Minor climb, Difficulty 3/9, Trail class 2-3

BACKGROUND
This mountain range, which is also known as Mt. Malarayat, is one of the major features of the Southern Tagalog landscape, which also includes Mt. Makiling, the Mt. Banahaw complex, and Mt. Maculot. It is also sometimes spelled as Malipuño. This mountain is cool, forested, and verdant for the most part, even the summit. Other areas are grassy, like those near Manabu Peak.

Its vastness gives rise to three destinations: the highest peak of Mt. Malipunyo; Mt. Susong-Dalaga; and Manabu Peak. These three are interconnected, although a separate itinerary exists for 2-hr trek to Manabu Peak. The customary trip is a traverse from Brgy. Talisay in Lipa City to Brgy. Atisan in San Pablo City. This trip entails a 3-4 hour climb, passing by woodlands and forested areas. A water source will be encountered an hour up, beyond which some parts would be steep, but with plenty of small trees to hold on to. The 4-5 hour descent north to San Pablo City involves the same trail for the first half; it will then branch off to San Pablo after a grassy area.

Malipunyo actually has three peaks with almost identical elevations, with the summit (Peak 3) rising to 1005 MASL. In April 2008, the summit has been cleared of trees to become a viewdeck. An plaster statue of the crucifix has also been erected. In this viewdeck, and elsewhere in the summit, one can see Mt. Maculot, Taal Lake, Mt. Atimla, Mt. Kalisungan, the Banahaw complex, and Mt. Makiling. The two other peaks — Susong Dalaga and Manabu Peak — are also visible.

Don’t expect the views to be spectacular, though. Basically, the attraction of Malipunyo is its forests. Though not grand like that of Makiling, it has a rural feel. Fruits such as sintunis (a form of citrus) and sampinit (wild strawberry) grow in the slopes of this mountain. Animals such as wild boar, monkeys, and iguana are also claimed by the locals to be present in the mountain.
and camping at the summit affords cool breezes.

The usual staging-off point is Lipa. This city has become a major commercial center in Region IV; it has three malls and is readily accessible by the STAR Tollway. Buses regularly pass by Lipa on the way to Batangas City and other destinations in Batangas. From Lipa, tricycles can take you to Brgy. Talisay for Mt. Malipunyo (or Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Sto. Tomas) for Manabu Peak.

ITINERARY
Mt. Malipunyo Traverse to San Pablo
*see Malipuny0-Manabu Traverse described under ‘Special Concerns’

Day 1
0800 Assembly in Manila (Buendia, Alabang, or Cubao)
0830 Leave for Lipa, Batangas (~P90)
1030 ETA Lipa, Batangas. Take early Lunch at Fiesta Mall
1200 ETD to Sitio Talisay.
1230 Reach Jump-off
1300 Start trek
1400 ETA water source
1700 ETA Summit. Set-up camp.
1800 Dinner / socials

Day 2
0530 Wake-up call. Breakfast
0600 Break camp
0700 Start descent to Atisan via ‘Talahiban’
1130 ETA Brgy. Atisan. Tidy up.
1200 ETD for San Pablo City;
1230 Arrive at San Pablo; lunch
1400 ETD for Manila via buses from Lucena (P112)
1700 Back in Manila

SPECIAL CONCERNS

Transportation. From Manila, you can take buses going to Lipa or Batangas City (~P100). As much as possible, try to drop off at Fiesta Mall or anywhere near, where tricycles may be paid between P50-80 for a trip to Brgy. Talisay. Tell the tricycle to take you to the barangay outpost.

Logistics. A guide may be arranged at the barangay outpost. Look for the barangay officials, who will ask you to register on a logbook. They will also arrange a guide for you. As of May 2008, P500/day is the fee although it is customary to give an extra. Cellphone signal is present throughout most of the trail.

Technical notes. Noxious plants, including the pruritogenic (itch-causing) lipa trees (for which the city was named) are present in this mountain; it is best to take this in consideration in clothing selection. Trails are interconnected and quite confusing so be vigilant.

Only one water source are available in the above-mentioned itinerary so prepare 3-4 liters from that point. An alternative is to climb the summit by a daytrip. This is possible if you leave Manila by 0500hr. If you are very early and your pace is very fast, you can even do the traverse in one day!

Traverse trails. If a group intends to visit all three peaks of the Malipunyo range in one trip, then a Malipunyo-Manabu traverse is the best choice, plus a Susong Dalaga sidetrip. Although interconnected, the trail to Susong Dalaga branches off from the trail to Malipunyo early on from Brgy. Talisay. Thus, the recommended schedule is an early arrival at Brgy. Talisay on Day 1, and climbing Susong Dalaga early in the morning (1-2 hours up; 3 hours total). And then, after lunch, the group can commence the four-hour climb to Malipunyo summit, camp there, and then descent the next day to Manabu. The exit point would be Brgy. Sta. Cruz in Sto. Tomas. The reason why a Manabu-Malipunyo traverse is less preferred is that the guides at Brgy. Talisay seem to be more familiar with the entire range, and they can take you to all three peaks in two days. Just prepare allowances. If a traverse to San Pablo is desired, then an additional day might be required.

TRIVIA
At least three mountains are called ‘Susong-Dalaga’; Jose Rizal called Mt. Tagapo in Talim Island as such; and another similarly-named mountain is found in Rizal. However, the shape of the Susong-Dalaga of Mt. Malipunyo is, in the author’s opinion, truer to its name.

Other trails, including one from Tanauan, may also be used but these are more challenging and less-established. There is also a trail to Tiaong, Quezon from the summit.

In the olden days, young men of Brgy. Talisay used to do the traverse to San Pablo for another reason — and perhaps equally adventurous: they would bring a guitar across the mountain, set off at dusk, and serenade the ladies of Brgy. Atisan in San Pablo! They would return on the same night.

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Group 1
(ACTIVE VOLCANO)

Mount Apo

VOLCANO, PHILIPPINES

WRITTEN BY:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Mount Apo, active volcano, south central Mindanao, 20 miles (32 km) west of Davao City; it is the highest point in the Philippines, rising to 9,692 feet (2,954 metres). Part of the Cordillera Central, it is covered by a forest of tall, tropical hardwoods; two subsidiary peaks nearly match its height. Mount Apo National Park, established in 1936, has an area of 199,819 acres (80,864 hectares); it is the home of the rare Philippine eagleand features numerous peaks and valleys, as well as Malasita Falls, Sibulao Lake, and the Kisinte Hot Springs.

Mindanao, Philippines: Mount Apo

Mount Apo, Mindanao island, Philippines.

Kryzzler