# data[].attributes.body
What comes easy for a typically developing reader might be extremely challenging for a reader with special needs. This is because reading involves multiple components such as comprehension, vocabulary, fluency, phonological awareness and decoding.

Fluency allows a reader to recognise words automatically and read smoothly.

Vocabulary is important in reading as it determines how much a reader understands the text. The repertoire of a person’s vocabulary depends on how much how young he/she starts to read.

The best gift parents can give to their children is the art of reading since young.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I learned different strategies to better support students in fluency, comprehension and vocabulary. I really enjoy the buddy sharing sessions where we walked around the lecture hall, sharing different strategies we had. The 3 strategies I have learned from my course mates are :

Word Wall- support vocabulary, phonics, spelling, and writing : this is an interesting way to learn all the skills !

Visual imagery – to support comprehension: I like this the most! Can really help students to remember the content in a logical way when use visual imagery

Exit slips – to support comprehension-  We have been practising this after every lesson. our Ah ha moments

Word hunt- to support vocabulary and spelling: a fun way to learn!

# data[].attributes.body
I enjoyed the part where we had to share the strategies with everyone. I’m glad to have learned about the word wall & QAR strategy.

# data[].attributes.body
It is key to remember that having a rich knowledge of words helps to build fluency. Some strategies to help build the vocabulary - work bank includes word web. Not only does it build word bank related to key/starting word but also associated words!

Fluency - important to know and share the rubrics (speed , accuracy, expression and smoothness) so they know what to look out for too.

Comprehension - knowing the word is 0.9 linked to comprehension (almost the same thing)

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency

Having fluency rubrics allow students to know what is expected and work towards it ie speed, accuracy, expression, smoothness

Choral reading

use of 'I do, We do, You do' steps - 1) read the line together with student, 2) read the same line together with student again, 3) read together with the student but let the student know this time teacher will be softer, student will be louder.

Not to point as it would be choppy, to flow along instead.

For secondary school level, instructions need to be paired with what is cool, not kiddish to support learning

Vocabulary

To be aware of what kind of vocabulary is being taught for our students currently (not to work in silo)

Pre-teach vocabulary to reduce frustration and increase engagement: Any small reduction in gap can help; ultimately we have to change thinking of the student that “I can learn (just not yet)”, not that I can't.

Reading Comprehension

Use active reading techniques (highlight important information - not too much, write in the margins)

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency

Read accurately, quickly, with expression.

Focus on Speed, Accurate, Expression, Smoothness

Build automatic word recognition so students focus on meaning.

Vocabulary

Pre-teach key words before lessons.

Use multiple exposures (games, word logs, root/prefix/suffix teaching).

Strong vocabulary = better comprehension.

Comprehension

Separate decoding from understanding at first (read-alouds, audiobooks).

Teach students to preview, predict, question, clarify, summarize.

Make reading purposeful and connect to prior knowledge.

# data[].attributes.body
Today’s “aha” moment was from the Choral Reading video—I learned that sliding your finger keeps reading smooth, while word-by-word pointing makes it choppy. I also saw how teaching big words excites children, like when my preschoolers remembered “dismantle” and shared it with their parents.

# data[].attributes.body
Several key strategies for supporting students in reading comprehension, fluency, and vocabulary development. Techniques like repeated reading, choral reading, and partner reading can enhance students' reading speed and accuracy. Using word walls, contextual learning, and interactive activities can effectively expand students' vocabulary. Read aloud, questioning strategies, and summarization help students actively engage with and understand texts. Recognizing that vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension are interrelated, and that integrated practices can enhance overall literacy.

# data[].attributes.body
FLUENCY

Not just about speed or accuracy , there’s also expression, tone, smoothness

Some strategies to improve fluency: Based on the fluency rubrics video- students can pair up , take turns to read and score each other on their performance

COMPREHENSION

It’s about understanding what you are reading - requires knowledge of vocabulary words, and also understanding the content as a whole (What does the story mean)

The ability to make inference and pick out clues to answer questions about the passage

One strategy: Visual imagery - asking students to use their imagination and sensory details to construct mental images. Ask students to imagine what they might hear, feel, taste or smell

VOCABULARY

Vocabulary very important for comprehension

Teach big words and make it interesting!

Important to pre-teach vocabulary, makes it easier when they attend their lessons

To teach vocab- use images, put words into context by using real life examples and teachable moments, compare contrasting words, group related words

Don’t just teach content words, teach instructional words too like “analyse” and “evaluate”

# data[].attributes.body
My takeaway is that students need to decode words accurately and effortlessly so they can concentrate on understanding complex sentences and making connections in the text. Vocabulary lessons should be intentional and paired with reading, using strategies like word maps or the Frayer model with examples and non-examples to deepen word knowledge. This not only builds fluency but also supports comprehension. It is equally important to show students what good fluency looks like, so they know what to be mindful of and can become more aware and alert when reading.

# data[].attributes.body
-Importance of learning new words (e.g. in spelling lists) in context or by linking to prior knowledge. If students only memorize spelling of words without learning their meanings, they are unlikely to use those words in the future.

-Focus on comprehension skills (without demand of decoding words) by using Read Alouds

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency - repeated readings builds fluency, rereading familiar texts improves speed and accuracy

Comprehension - teach active reading, encourage discussion

Vocabulary - teach words in context

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency - strategy like choral reading could enhance a learner’s reading fluency.

Comprehension - using questioning techniques like Question-Answer Relationship Strategy could check on student’s comprehension of passage.

Vocabulary - never done in isolation. Pre-teaching vocabularies could aid student’s understandings better, thereby boosting confidence.

# data[].attributes.body
I have learnt useful strategies on the teaching of reading such as before reading, we can go through the student's prior knowledge. This is a good way to engage the students on their willingness to know more from the text and get them intrigued.

I also learnt the different learning strategies such as word wall, reciprocal teaching, concept maps and exit tickets. Word wall can be applicable to all levels as it can organized alphabetically, categorically and thematically.

# data[].attributes.body
Li Hoon

It is important that students can read fluently so that they can focus on understanding the meaning of the text.

Students must have vocabulary knowledge in order to understand the text.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency:

-the rapid the practice the fluent the reader will be

-using of audio assisted reading

-best to read aloud

-choral reading

-dibels

-silent reading is important as well

Comprehension & vocabulary

-can teach vocab with meaning through word hunt, word web

-wr x lc equals rc

# data[].attributes.body
I learned that everything in reading is interconnected. It is crucial for students to decode the words they encounter, because without understanding the words, it becomes difficult to make sense of the text. The key takeaway is that as decoding becomes easier, comprehension also improves. In addition, as readers expand their vocabulary base, they are better equipped to understand and engage with what they read. There are also many strategies that can be used to strengthen students’ knowledge and support their comprehension development.

# data[].attributes.body
1. It is important that we remove the barrier of decoding and comprehension

2. Don't do things in isolation. Involve and have dialogue with class teachers, subject heads on the vocabulary we want to teach. If we can teach new words in context of the student’s social/class use, it can help greatly in self esteem too.

3. Various strategies are very helpful. I got the card on using Inferenceing and it breaks it down in simple steps how i can use this to teach comprehension with a scaffold.

4. The power of imagination is harnessed and the child is engaged when we use visual pictures to teach vocabulary.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency

Pointing at words in a smooth flow rather than choppy ones would help children understand the concept on fluency reading

Comprehension

DO NOT LIMIT THE READING CONTENT (allow the student to read passage that they are interested in helps children to form desire in reading

Vocabulary

highlighting key words but ensure it is not too much of words

# data[].attributes.body
- Use different teaching strategies when teaching reading and comprehension to keep students engaged.

- Children enjoy learning big words when the words are relatable and they can understand the purpose of reading.

- Build comprehension through active reading, highlighting key words, explain to others, writing questions next to each paragraph and self testing.

- Do not teach in isolation. Need collaboration with class teachers to teach in context.

# data[].attributes.body
learning to teach passage according to child’s interest

Modelling

Use visual aids to help in understanding words better

# data[].attributes.body
Main Takeaways

Fluency is about reading speed, accuracy, flow and expression. There are 2 kinds of reading fluency; oral and silent. Both are important! Fluency in reading offloads cognitive resources so that students can use them for comprehension

Vocabulary is directly linked to comprehension. Having a big pool of vocabulary allows students to connect to texts better.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency has 4 components:

1. Accuracy

2. Speed

3. Smoothness

4. Expression

- When doing reading with students, make sure to point the words in a flowy manner and not one word by one word

Vocabulary

It is important to teach vocabulary in context so that it makes sense for the students.

Important to teach vocabulary explicitly

Comprehension

When doing comprehension, good to start with text that might interest them as well as making sure its the right level

# data[].attributes.body
Semantic Gradients is an amazing strategy to expand a persons list of vocab words.

The idea is to 1) select a pair of polar opposite words. Draw a horizontal line. Then to 2) generate at least 5 synonyms for each of the opposite word. 3) populate the line with these words to form a gradient in an ascending (or descending order) based on the polar words in 1).

This is a quick method to generate a list of word web in a linear form. This allows both to explore and look up for words which can be initially unknown to them. This is helpful for both the child and educator to expand each others vocab word bank. This can also increase content and instructional word list.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fluency is important because we aim to ensure reading echoes effortless, so that students can dedicate cognitive resources to comprehend.

2. Comprehension - active reading is a way we can promote comprehension. We can get them to highlight key words and test themselves

# data[].attributes.body
Learnt more strategies in supporting vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency. For example, semantic feature analysis, timed reading, and story map.

# data[].attributes.body
One key takeaway for me is that fluency provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension so that as reading becomes more effortless, more focus can be on understanding meaning as recognizing words comes automatically. Another key takeaway that I thought was helpful for me was the before, during and after reading strategies to teach the students. Pre-reading allows students to access their prior knowledge on the topic and to take note of key parts of the text while finding cause and effect relationships. During reading is important as they can voice out their questions and monitor their understanding of the text. Lastly, making predictions about possible events will help them. It is important in submersing the gist of the text as well as making connections to reinforce learning!

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fluency

two types of reading fluency: oral reading fluency & silent reading fluency

some strategies: Rave-o, choral reading, audio-assisted reading

2. Vocabulary

vocabulary and comprehension almost the same

importance of pre-teaching

choose words that are being learned in class so as to reduce gaps for student

3. Comprehension

active reading: highlight, write in margin, read out loud, explain what you’ve read, test yourself

# data[].attributes.body
1. There are 4 components to fluency: accuracy, speed, expression and smoothness

We can teach students fluency by sharing fluency rubrics and taking them through what the rubrics is about

2. Choral reading with student is one the ways to teach fluency. Important to get student to start by pointing at the first word to be read on the copy of the passage. Subsequently, follow you to point in a smooth flowy manner the rest of the words in the line. Tell student to match your pace and follow reading aloud. Repeat process for each line twice.

3. Comprehension - before reading strategies eg. Access prior knowledge

4. Vocab -look for incidental teaching opportunities

# data[].attributes.body
Main takeaways for the teaching of Reading

in terms of Fluency, Comprehension and Vocabulary:

Fluency is about reading accurately, quickly, and with expression. You need to be fluent in order to comprehend as there is now capacity to think about meaning. The more rapid you are, the better you are at comprehending text.

To teach fluency, it is important for student to know the rubrics - this gives the students the expectations of what they are supposed to do.

Teaching vocabulary is important for comprehension. Pre-teaching vocabulary enables students as familiarity to text gives them a boost of confidence in the main classroom.

It is important to use text that students have an interest in!

“When have a reading has a purpose, students desire to comprehend!!!"

# data[].attributes.body
Today’s session taught me about how to tailor reading needs for students at text level. I learnt applicable strategies to support comprehension and vocabulary and factors contributing to rubrics of oral reading like fluency.

I learnt that fluency in more detail and how it has four factors that can be evaluated on a scale and that fluency can be developed through choral reading and through strategies like we i do we do you do

I also learnt types of support strategies like inferencing, semantic gradient, visual imagery and word map and when each strategy can be used and the appropriate group sizes. My takeaway is that these strategies need to be evaluated and adapted based on the student’s needs, teaching can be done in pairs or individually and also student’s preexisting knowledge needs to be noted.

# data[].attributes.body
Exit Ticket - My main takeaway is the importance of modelling. Modelling can be in the form of audio or real-life. This helps develop students independent reading as the process of following-along gives them a form of scaffolding

# data[].attributes.body
-Fuency has 4 components: speech, accuracy, expression and smoothness.

- Understanding the meaning of the word is important as it helped to enhance their comprehension skills.

Word map to teach: Visual organiser method to teach vocabulary.

Eg. Writing word in circle and linking with phrases or words related to it .Teaching non examples of the word is also important.

Decoding skills is important before teaching fluency.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency is the ability to read with appropriate rate, accuracy, prosody and endurance.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Word fluency - accurately, quickly, and with expression. Use strategies like word web, choral reading.

2. Vocab - important to pre-teach and teach them with context. Give examples and non-examples of the word. Use strategies like word map

3. Reading comprehension - if can’t decode use Audio books. Can use strategies like story map, think alouds.

Reading Rockets for more strategies!!!

# data[].attributes.body
Key takeaways:

Fluency is the bridge between word recognition and comprehension.

Vocabulary and comprehension go hand in hand.

It is important to pre-teach vocabulary to enable students to better access texts.

As comprehension involves integrating processes “before”, “during”, and “after” reading, it is important to attend to strategies for each stage (e.g., before reading → pre-reading questions to build schema, during reading → fix-up strategies, after reading → post-reading summary/checking for understanding questions)

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fluency:

Speed (rate of reading) – not too slow or fast

Accurate (correct) – few words were skipped, and few mistakes were made

Expression (interesting, your voice changes and sounds like talking)

Smoothness (not too choppy. No robot reading)

*AHA! - read / point (finger pencil etc) in a flowy method

2. Empower your students so they will feel less of the barrier, better engage, not on par but not too far off with the class

Teach vocab not in isolation) – but pair it with whatever happening in class (e.g grammar / form of verbs) / concurrent consultation and discussion wistudent / teacherh

*AHA! - Check in with EL teachers – same SOW (scheme of work), what’s next, which text)

**Impt resources: the website to show various strategies to strengthen student's literacy skills

3. Some strategies for active reading

Highlight only impt point so they stand out

Read aloud

Explain what you’ve read

Test yourself

# data[].attributes.body
Main takeaways:

1. Fluency

Can be assessed with WCMP. Focus not on decoding and comprehension but on the 4 aspects of fluency: speed, rate, expression, smoothness

2. Comprehension

For children with trouble decoding, do not combine when working on comprehension skill. Comprehension allows them to retain understanding and meaning after reading.

3. Vocabulary

Pre-teach vocabs to build confidence and success. Use word walls, word webs, etc. to enhance through visual retention.

# data[].attributes.body
3 takeaways:

1) Vocabulary and comprehension are interrelated. It is important to build on the understanding of words and automaticity of understanding related words to a context that helps reduce cognitive load when reading a passage.

2) Tapping on student's prior knowledge on a context can help scaffold the expansion and understanding of more words related to a context.

3) Relating vocabulary to a context is extremely important as it helps deepen the understanding and relation of words and the topic. Also, taps on student's senses based on their knowledge, occasionally. e.g. can draw a cat for the word 'cat' that's at home.

# data[].attributes.body
Vocabulary teaching should also be connected to what students are already learning in class so that it feels relevant and reinforces understanding. What i learned in today's lecture is to make reading smoother and more meaningful, supporting students to become confident, independent readers.

# data[].attributes.body
I found it interesting when I was being taught on the topic of supporting comprehension using reciprocal teaching. There are 4 roles : Predictor, clarifier, questioner and Summariser, it’s very engaging for the students and that they exchange roles so all of them will have same understanding of the passage.

Also with prior knowledge, it makes it easier and more interesting for students to learn.

# data[].attributes.body
Learning vocabulary must be interactive, relating to context on why they need to learn them and must be applicable to ensure better retention by the students. Linking to pictorial and imagery for visual learners is one of the effective strategies to teach students with learning difficulties.

# data[].attributes.body
Rubric is very important as it allows us to see progress of our students, what can they improve on and what mistakes they made.

Pointing the words through the sentence by means of smooth flow instead of staggering pointing as it allows students to read smoothly.

# data[].attributes.body
The strategies shared are useful tools to help guide students in understanding the text. 1 important thing that I need to remind myself is that it is not about decoding thus we can use:

choral reading

reading aloud etc

to check on their understanding of the text.

I have also learnt a little about the 3 strategies in reading comprehension which are:

-Direct Reading Thinking Activity (prediction)

-Reciprocal Teaching (4 parts)

-Concept Map

# data[].attributes.body
There are many useful AI sites out there that can enhance the learning process of reading, comprehension and literacy. However, don't over-rely on it as traditional methods are still useful.

Always teach in context and not isolation. Touch on prior knowledge

# data[].attributes.body
One key takeaway that I found interesting is the use of the Word Map; I would definitely implement it in the future as I find it convenient to use and teach. The creation of the word map is not complicated either so I am sure that it will be well received by the students.

# data[].attributes.body
Strategies like semantics gradients helps in vocabulary and comprehension. Give students chances to read age appropriate texts and some a bit higher can also build their fluency, comprehension and reading skills.

# data[].attributes.body
My takeaways:

- Need to create a sense of purpose for the child to read, then they will have the desire to try to comprehend what they have read.

Drawing on this: My goal for children to learn to read is that they will be able to find the joy in reading books they like during their leisure time and be in a world entranced by the events in the book.

# data[].attributes.body
My main takeaway was on how students can be scaffolded in different ways. In most of the strategies, a lot of it involves giving context to the student to get them to link words to the context, thereby allowing them to understand the text better, and engage better with the text.

Fluency

Their vocab is very important so that they can relocate the resources that they use to decode text, to other aspects of reading that will make it clearer

Vocab

Linking words to context will help students learn better

Comprehension

It is important to help students decode and understand what is being read, and to engage the student

# data[].attributes.body
Modelling is important to show the student on what does "reading fluently" mean. But also to dissect the comprehension to make meaning to the sections (beginning, middle, end) to understand the story.

Visuals to aid in making the meaning more concrete.

# data[].attributes.body
The purpose of withdrawal

To empower the student

At least giving the student some headstart on the topic taught in the classroom (not expecting the student to be on par with the rest but atleast the student have a bit of knowledge of the lesson to boost their confidence)

SEN Officer should work together with subject teachers

Reading, writing, spelling, comprehension should be aligned and not done in isolation.

# data[].attributes.body
I am now aware that there are many strategies that can help in improving fluency, increasing vocabulary and improving understanding of comprehension text. It is interesting to note that by linking words to your context or your personal knowledge, it can help to increase your exposure to vocabulary words. This is something that I have used for my own individual life as I feel that I learn the best and this is what works the best for me.

# data[].attributes.body
Try to activate or build upon prior knowledge for comprehension passages

When teaching vocabulary, pre-teach the words, show pictures for students to make connections and explain

Use audiobooks to help with fluency

Vocabulary is important for fluency too

# data[].attributes.body
1. When teaching vocabulary, it is important to teach the words in context. It helps if we teach words that students are already learning in texts used in class, such as their comprehension texts, books read in class or the spelling lists. We can also preteach vocabulary that students will be learning in class, so that students will gain familiarity with the words and increase their confidence to learn in class.

2. 1 strategy I learned that can be used improving reading fluency is audio-assisted reading. In this strategy, students read along in their books while listening to an audio recording of a fluent reader. This strategy helps students by removing the barrier to decode words to focus on text comprehension. At the same time, the audio recording is modelling how the students can read fluently.

# data[].attributes.body
Strategies

1. Word map

2. semnatic gradients

3. audio reading

Reading Comprehension

read to understand

to check for understanding can write in point form of the story events

Vocabulary

word definition

usage of examples

synoymns

non- exampes

# data[].attributes.body
Beatrice Kho Yam Hoon

It is important to master fluency in order to read and understand text. This is the basis of manoeuvring around language learning.

The various strategies to mastering it is interesting and extremely useful for any kind of learners.

# data[].attributes.body
i learnt a lot from the sharing from my peers of the strategies that i can use in terms of fluency, comprehension and vocabulary. videos shared were also helpful, especially the one where the teacher was explicitly teaching the meaning of a word - by tapping on the students' existing knowledge. i also thought that the tips were thought-provoking (e.g., pointing in a flowy manner and not choppy, using multi-sensory approaches etc) overall it really boosted my knowledge and confidence in helping my future students in school

# data[].attributes.body
Various strategies to support the different aspects of reading. In particular, how to help students build reading fluency (e.g. timed repeated reading, audio-assisted reading). It is also interesting how building vocabulary and fluency also supports comprehension

# data[].attributes.body
I am not good at reading. This course had "forced" me to read. Throughout his course, he had made me realize how to understand what I read structurally and adequately. I used some of the ways, like highlighting.

I like the Word Wall technique. Q-A technique.

Now I will try to read with more consciousness and understanding.

Thank you for this topic!

# data[].attributes.body
1. (a) Fluency being able to decode words quickly and accurately comes first before (b) vocabulary understanding meaning of words and putting them in context followed by (c) comprehension being able to understand words at text level.

2. Vocabulary teaching should sensory and using meaningful examples pitched at student’s level and also using imagery

3. Comprehension includes both teaching of micro-comprehension skills and macro-comprehension skills (eg. summarising, predicting, retelling)

# data[].attributes.body
Avoid teaching in isolation, and always make connection when teaching. Connect with prior knowledge, what’s being taught in the classroom and to the world. This allows the student to have a better understanding of what they have learnt.

# data[].attributes.body
it is important to teach comprehension and vocabulary in context and not in isolation.

students need to be able to decode complex texts before they can focus on comprehension explicitly. If they have difficulties decoding, you can use read alouds, audiobooks so that they are able to dedicate cognitive resources to make connections among ideas.

# data[].attributes.body
When supporting students with reading difficulties one of the key takeaway from this lecture is ensuring that the student understand what they are reading. As a SENO, the strategies we implement need to include context of the word or what they are reading.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency: Building semantic networks with the word web that can link to content in the passage; Also, how it closely links with vocabulary and comprehension

Vocabulary: Using the imagery and linking to prior experiences instead of just the dictionary.

Comprehension: Importance of explicit teaching e.g. for active reading tips, or other skills.

# data[].attributes.body
When teaching learners to read, we have to tailor our materials to their skills and level. By being aware of the cognitive fatigue learners with decoding difficulties face, I learnt that there are ways to support eg. Using audiobooks.

# data[].attributes.body
Key takeaways

1. Various strategies learnt to support fluency : such as timed repeated readings, and audio assisted reading.

2. Various strategies to support vocabulary: word segmatic

3. Always use multi-sensory approach when teaching vocabulary to increase understanding.

4. When doing guided reading, don’t point and point. Move your finger across line in a flow manner.

# data[].attributes.body
My key takeaways are being aware of the type and which vocabulary students are being taught in the classroom, and to teach at the same level by working with the English teachers and never to work in isolation. I also learnt about how pre-teaching vocabulary, even though by just abit, can help boost students’ confidence in learning.

# data[].attributes.body
Comprehension requires remembering what one is reading and has read.

If child can read at least 25-50% of the words, they can be taught comprehension skills and strategies.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency: Important to help students decode quickly to free up cognitive resources for comprehension

Vocabulary: Word webs and linking definition to pictorial / mental representation by making learning sensory.

Comprehension: Memory and understanding, linking to own experience and making inferences about text. Being able to explain to others.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency:

Importance of building immediacy when reading : reducing the cognitive load for our students so they can focus on comprehension

Fluency rubrics and establishing expectations: these rubrics can be tailored to the needs and maybe even interests of the students

Comprehension

Needs to be thorough before, during and after: we tend to think comprehension only involves the “after reading” stage

Vocabulary

Sensory approach to introduce new words to younger learners or those with learning difficulties

Examples and non-examples to aid understand

# data[].attributes.body
The different strategies that is applicable for younger and older students. Be mindful to not make it kiddish

The 4 aspects of reading fluency- speed, accuracy, expression & smoothness

# data[].attributes.body
1) 4 parts of fluency: speed, accuracy, expression, smoothness

2) Vocabulary and comprehension are almost the same

3) Pre-teach vocabulary by giving definitions and give examples and non-examples related to what the students know

# data[].attributes.body
Some Takeaways

Learnt about the importance of not teaching in isolation!

Different strategies to improve fluency/comprehension and vocabulary.

Importance of setting the context to students and explaining the meaning of big words!

Make learning engaging for the child!

# data[].attributes.body
The different strategies learnt during the walk-around sharing were helpful to know how to support students in reading. It’s important to make the process of learning to read engaging and with structured steps

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency

Fluency is essential for decoding and comprehension. Reading accuracy is important, the way the text is read out and expressed also matters. This can help the child to understand what the word means instead of just blindly reading it.

Strategies:

Choral reading,

Partner Reading

Timed Repeated readings.

Vocabulary

Explicitly pre-teaching vocabulary with instructional words can help the student know what to do. It can also help build confidence to allow the child to achieve more success.

3 Tiers of Vocabulary

1. Tier 1: Basic, conversational words.

2. Tier 2: High-utility words found across contexts (key for instruction).

3. Tier 3: Low-frequency, domain-specific words.

Strategies:

Explicit instructions

Word maps

Context teaching

Reading Comprehension

The act of decoding and understand what is being read.  Consists of both vocabulary and text comprehesion

# data[].attributes.body
I learnt the importance of pre-teaching vocabulary by teaching one word at a time to the student, teaching content and instructional worlds and giving examples from prior knowledge will be helpful for the students to make the connections with the words that’s being taught.

# data[].attributes.body
fluency - when using guiding finger for students, don't point choppily but guide with flow

vocab - for students with decoding issues, bring the experience of the word back to a sensory one

comprehension - pick a passage that the student is interested in so they are more likely to have a desire to comprehend

# data[].attributes.body
- Dont teach the word in isolation, teach in context - to link it to ideas and explain them e.g. using it in a sentence

- Can apply strategies before, during, after reading the comprehension e.g. understanding the important vocab, draw mindmap, use reciprocal reading

- Fluency is important in understanding the written words.

# data[].attributes.body
There are a lot of different parts that form reading. Reading is a very difficult part and I need to be observant of which areas the child is weaker in before I can build on that skill. Scaffolding is super important, together with explicit instruction and lots of visual cues to make reading fun and less taxing for our students!

# data[].attributes.body
I learnt that it is important for the child to know the expectations of fluency, so that they know what to work towards.

# data[].attributes.body
The strategy to monitor reading fluency is amazing using WCPM. It’s a way to monitor children’s reading which definitely would also increase their confidence further by them keeping track of their improved performance.

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency

~ Two types of reading fluency: oral and silent.

~ Choral reading can be a way to improve reading fluency — remember to point to the words from left to right in a ‘flowy’ manner.

~ Students should match the pace of the teacher when reading together with expression.

Vocabulary

~ Always collaborate with the EL department to identify what the student requires help with.

~ Use multisensory methods to teach the words.

~ It is essential to pre-teach vocabulary.

~ Teach sight words for early readers or very weak readers.

Reading comprehension

~ Two elements that make up the process of reading comprehension are: vocab knowledge and text comprehension.

~ Use read-alouds or audiobooks to focus on comprehension skills.

~ Remember that the student is not having decoding issues before teaching comprehension skills.

~ Highlight key words, but not too many.

# data[].attributes.body
When developing fluency, it is important that students are aware of the expectations required of them. The teacher can create a checklist and model to the student the various aspects which affects fluency. Students can also work together and access each other based on the checklist/rubrics. Another strategy is choral reading.

To help them improve their vocabulary, teachers

Had a word web whereby there is a main word and students gave their inputs regarding words related to the main word

Used sensory ways by pairing the word with imagery/picture the meaning of the word/making it real for them

Pre-teach vocabulary to give them a “preview”. Showing them pictures related to the vocabulary, having partner talks, explaining what it means

Leverage on games or comics as long as the content is okay, not limiting the students desire to read

Reading comprehension

Underline important information in the texts

Note taking (annotation)

Reading aloud

Visual imagery/visualise the text

# data[].attributes.body
Fluency

Important to read accurately and reducing the cognitive load through making reading an automatic process

Comprehension:

Important to be systematic before, during, or after the reading in order to understand better

Vocabulary:

Using word maps to teach multiple meanings and link concepts

# data[].attributes.body
My Key Takeaways on Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension

Fluency is not just speed or accuracy, but the bridge between word recognition and comprehension.

Silent reading fluency is especially crucial for lifelong reading.

Consistent modelling and reinforcement matter more than rubrics alone.

Vocabulary and comprehension are deeply linked—strategies like word-webs, root analysis, and the 3-tier model help build word banks.

Pre-teaching vocabulary equips students with the tools to access texts, build confidence, and engage with content-heavy subjects.

Creative approaches (e.g., comics) can support students who struggle with traditional texts.

The Science of Reading shows that comprehension and decoding should sometimes be separated, with read-alouds and discussions fostering deeper meaning.

Tier 2 vocabulary is critical for understanding academic subjects beyond decoding.

Overall conviction: expanding vocabulary is central to building fluency and unlocking true comprehension.