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We can talk about how COPD is often underdiagnosed and how people suffer when it is diagnosed later when it can not be treated.
Biomarkers, or biological markers give signs of a state of condition. Although it is known that COPD is caused due to smoke, the specific Biomarkers for the disease are yet to be found. Detection of these unknown Biomarkers of COPD can help in field of disease diagnosis and treatment. If identified, newer and more efficient ways for diagnosis(Using Biosensors) can be made that would help people and also be cheaper. The Biomarkers could also be focused on when talking about the potential treatment of the disease. Better Diagnosis and treatment can help people suffering and telling them how importance it is can be useful.

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We have witnessed a brutal pandemic and that has made us realize how important health is and how it physically hurts to lose our loved ones when you can't do anything to prevent it. It is very rightly said, that "health is wealth". We need to know what causes the disease exactly and go to the depth of it to find the solution. People have been dying due to the late diagnosis and as it is not reversible, there is nothing left to do really. So knowing the molecular mechanism is very important to know what's exactly going on. We feel helpless when we know we can't do anything, when nothing is in our hands to help our dear ones whom we love or for that matter ourselves. So, cutting the disease at the root is the best thing to do!!

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Under diagnosis: Explanation to a 15 year old from Uganda

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Under diagnosis: Explanation to a 15 year old from Uganda

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Hello there young man,
I want to tell you of something interesting. I don't know what you want to be in future but I will give you an idea of who I want to be.
Have you heard of smoking or infact seen the smoke that comes out of cars on the streets or the smoke that comes out of the fire when your mum is cooking food? That stuff is VERRY VERRY BAD. Do you know? I will tell you. So when the smoke enters your body, it gradually destroys the small tiny parts of the body that you use to breath that progressively makes it hard for you to breathe. Have you ever imagined your self lacking breath? That is not the worst part. The problem is while the body parts are being destroyed, it is very hard for someone like your mum to know that she is getting sick. Even the doctors themselves fail to know

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Using microscopic devices to treat the inflammatory reactions and mucus hypersecretion that plug the airways and leads to bronchitis.
Using microscopic supports, to prevent the restore the collapsed airways.
Used for better diagnosis, maybe by scanning the interior of the lungs, leading to better solutions.
Negativities: nanoparticele being trapped in the body (lung) in undesirable locations leading to several problems.

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NGS approaches to stratify patient (Emanuela)

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NGS approaches to stratify patient (Emanuela)

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I think that the first thing to do is to listen to the patient: what the patient is feeling in that moment.
After having the point to what could be the real problem, the expert should go ahead by using all the techniques that he/she had to try to find the best solution for the diagnosis. One of these tools could be the use of next-generation technologies that allow nowadays to try to make a precise, as well as in some cases an early diagnosis, of the disease (because we can sequence for example a lot of samples in a very short time). In this way, we could have a pattern of parameters that can help the expert to stratify patients, meaning that we can find all the things in common within patients and then try to assign to them the right treatment as possible.
The concept is: not all patients are the same, they are different! As we in our daily life should treat people in different ways (more sensitive people should be treated with less aggressivity for example for avoiding to hurt them easier), it should be the same for who is suffering in that moment.

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Do you know who is Wolverine? Have you watch any vampire movie? What do they have in common? Wolverine and vampires have the superpower of healing, regenerating any scratch it could be made to them. Stem cell therapy is a superpower humans (medical doctors) have developed to try to heal people sometimes. Instead of being a part of a secret experiment like wolverine or being bitten by another vampire, we use cells we have in our body. These cells have the ability to produce any type of cell in our body.

For example, imagine that we have a deck of cards. The cells in our body are the normal cards, and stem cells are the joker. We can use the joker to mimic any other card, so we use the stem cell to mimic any other cell in our body. If someone has a problem in one type of their cell, for example blood cells. We take the joker card of cells, the stem cells, and we made them blood cells, replacing the damaged blood cells from the patient with the newly generated cells.

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• Inflamation attenuation
• Smoking and mucus hypersecretion
• Treating bronchioconctriction
• nanotechnology
• Industrial pollution

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1. Analysis of the risks
2. NGS approaches to stratify patient
3. Precision medicine
4. Literature
5. Organoids approaches
6. Comorbilities

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1. Stem cell therapy
2. Next generation sequencing techniques
3. AI
4. Brainstorming
5. Biomarkers

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1.Diagnosis and treatment.
2.Digitalisation of records.
3.Biomarkers
4.Comorbidities
5.Literature survey

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1. Prevention
2. Molecular mechanism
3. Precision medicine
4. Biomarkers
5. Pathophysiology

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1.Under Diagnosis
2.Manifestation and endotypes
3.Noxious particles
4.Team work
5.Logic thinking
6.Technological intervention