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✿ A networking device that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network by broadcasting all incoming data to all active ports.

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✿ A networking device that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network by broadcasting all incoming data to all active ports.

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2. Definition

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✿ A device will transmit the information to the hub. But before it reaches the receiver’s address, the hub will replicate the data.

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✿ A device will transmit the information to the hub. But before it reaches the receiver’s address, the hub will replicate the data.

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3. How it works

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✿ 1. NETWORK HUB-is a hub that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network.                                 ✿ 2. USB HUB-is a hub that allows multiple peripherals to connect through a single USB port.  

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✿ 1. NETWORK HUB-is a hub that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other over a network.                                 ✿ 2. USB HUB-is a hub that allows multiple peripherals to connect through a single USB port.  

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4. Types

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✿ Cheap and Simple                  ✿ Can connect different media types

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✿ Cheap and Simple                  ✿ Can connect different media types

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5. Advantages

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✿ Half-duplex                              ✿ Wastes bandwidth                  ✿ Causes unnecessary traffic

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✿ Half-duplex                              ✿ Wastes bandwidth                  ✿ Causes unnecessary traffic

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6. Disadvantages

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✿ A networking device that connects hosts by receiving incoming data packets and redirects them to their intended destination.

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✿ A networking device that connects hosts by receiving incoming data packets and redirects them to their intended destination.

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2. Definition

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✿ The devices that are connected to the switch will have a MAC address. The switch will read and will figure out who’s who should be the destination of the data which the other devices send.

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✿ The devices that are connected to the switch will have a MAC address. The switch will read and will figure out who’s who should be the destination of the data which the other devices send.

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3. How it works

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✿ Full-duplex                            ✿ Keeps a record of MAC Address                                       ✿ Prevents Bandwidth Waste ✿ Increases network size

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✿ Full-duplex                            ✿ Keeps a record of MAC Address                                       ✿ Prevents Bandwidth Waste ✿ Increases network size

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5. Advantages

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6. Disadvantages

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✿ A networking device that interconnects two or more networks together by dividing LAN into different segments.

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✿ A networking device that interconnects two or more networks together by dividing LAN into different segments.

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2. Definition

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✿ Divides LAN into segments and help the hosts send and receive data to the specific segment where the receiver or another host belong.

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✿ Divides LAN into segments and help the hosts send and receive data to the specific segment where the receiver or another host belong.

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3. How it works

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✿ Reduces network traffic        ✿ Prevents bandwidth waste     ✿ Keeps a record of MAC Addresses   

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✿ Reduces network traffic        ✿ Prevents bandwidth waste     ✿ Keeps a record of MAC Addresses   

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5. Advantages

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✿ Expensive                          ✿ Slower than hubs

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✿ Expensive                          ✿ Slower than hubs

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6. Disadvantages

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✿ A network device that replicates and amplifies a received signal to an extended geographical area.

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✿ A network device that replicates and amplifies a received signal to an extended geographical area.

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2. Definition

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✿ Amplifying the received signal then rebroadcasts it to another area.

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✿ Amplifying the received signal then rebroadcasts it to another area.

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3. How it works

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1. WI-FI REPEATER- is used to extend the coverage area of your Wi-Fi network.         2. NETWORK REPEATER- the specific characteristic of this is that whatever it receives it transmits to the other LAN segment. This does not understand the frame format and also physical addresses. In other words, it is a transparent device. Therefore, multiple LANs connected by repeaters may be considered as a single LAN.                                 3. TELEPHONE REPEATER- is used to amplify signals to support and carry long distance calls.                    4. SUBMARINE CABLE REPEATER                         5. RADIO REPEATER- this is used to extend the coverage of a radio signal.  

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1. WI-FI REPEATER- is used to extend the coverage area of your Wi-Fi network.         2. NETWORK REPEATER- the specific characteristic of this is that whatever it receives it transmits to the other LAN segment. This does not understand the frame format and also physical addresses. In other words, it is a transparent device. Therefore, multiple LANs connected by repeaters may be considered as a single LAN.                                 3. TELEPHONE REPEATER- is used to amplify signals to support and carry long distance calls.                    4. SUBMARINE CABLE REPEATER                         5. RADIO REPEATER- this is used to extend the coverage of a radio signal.  

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4. Types

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✿ It amplifies the signal.      ✿ It does not affect the performance of the network when it’s performing its task on the signal.                    ✿ Repeaters can be used in different mediums for reception and transmission.   ✿ It does not increase or decrease the network traffic.      

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✿ It amplifies the signal.      ✿ It does not affect the performance of the network when it’s performing its task on the signal.                    ✿ Repeaters can be used in different mediums for reception and transmission.   ✿ It does not increase or decrease the network traffic.      

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5. Advantages

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✿ It is not possible to connect different network architectures using repeater. For this router or gateway is needed.                           ✿ The number of repeaters to be used are limited between two ends. More repeaters create noise on the wire which results into packet collisions or problems in the packet detection.              ✿ Repeaters do not perform filtering of the data.

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✿ It is not possible to connect different network architectures using repeater. For this router or gateway is needed.                           ✿ The number of repeaters to be used are limited between two ends. More repeaters create noise on the wire which results into packet collisions or problems in the packet detection.              ✿ Repeaters do not perform filtering of the data.

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6. Disadvantages

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 ✿ A networking device that allows devices to send and receive data over the internet by converting analog signal into a digital signal and vice versa.

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 ✿ A networking device that allows devices to send and receive data over the internet by converting analog signal into a digital signal and vice versa.

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2. Definition

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✿ Modem converts the digital signal into analog signal (Modulation). Modems extracts the analog signal to become a digital signal (Demodulation).

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✿ Modem converts the digital signal into analog signal (Modulation). Modems extracts the analog signal to become a digital signal (Demodulation).

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3. How it works

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1. CABLE MODEM- is a modem that uses coaxial cables to provide cable TV and high-speed internet access.                             2. DSL MODEM- is a modem used to transfer digital signals over standard telephone lines.                  3. USB MODEM- is a portable modem (known as a dongle) that plugs directly into a USB port and uses a SIM-card to connect to the internet.        

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1. CABLE MODEM- is a modem that uses coaxial cables to provide cable TV and high-speed internet access.                             2. DSL MODEM- is a modem used to transfer digital signals over standard telephone lines.                  3. USB MODEM- is a portable modem (known as a dongle) that plugs directly into a USB port and uses a SIM-card to connect to the internet.        

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4. Types

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✿ High transmission speed  ✿ Supports different media types 

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✿ High transmission speed  ✿ Supports different media types 

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5. Advantages

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✿ Vulnerable to malware and hackers                            ✿ Expensive     

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✿ Vulnerable to malware and hackers                            ✿ Expensive     

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6. Disadvantages

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✿ A networking device that connects computers and other devices to the Internet by acting as a dispatcher that chooses the best route for the packets to travel.

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✿ A networking device that connects computers and other devices to the Internet by acting as a dispatcher that chooses the best route for the packets to travel.

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2. Definition

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✿ It routes or passes the internet connection to all devices connected to it by distributing data packets to intended destination using the IP addresses of each device.

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✿ It routes or passes the internet connection to all devices connected to it by distributing data packets to intended destination using the IP addresses of each device.

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3. How it works

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1. WIRED ROUTER- are typically box-shaped devices that connect directly to computers via "hard-lined" or wired connections.               2. WIRELESS ROUTER- is a router that distributes internet connection through one or more antenna (wireless access points).       3. BROUTER- is a combination of bridge and router. It can forward data between networks (serving as a bridge),but can also route data to individual systems within a network (serving as a router).                          4. MODEM ROUTER- is the most common router used nowadays. It is a router with built-in usb port and Ethernet ports.       

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1. WIRED ROUTER- are typically box-shaped devices that connect directly to computers via "hard-lined" or wired connections.               2. WIRELESS ROUTER- is a router that distributes internet connection through one or more antenna (wireless access points).       3. BROUTER- is a combination of bridge and router. It can forward data between networks (serving as a bridge),but can also route data to individual systems within a network (serving as a router).                          4. MODEM ROUTER- is the most common router used nowadays. It is a router with built-in usb port and Ethernet ports.       

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4. Types

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✿ Communicate across networks                         ✿ Keeps a record of IP Address                           ✿ Prevents Bandwidth waste          ✿ Increases network size  

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✿ Communicate across networks                         ✿ Keeps a record of IP Address                           ✿ Prevents Bandwidth waste          ✿ Increases network size  

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5. Advantages

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✿ More expensive                    ✿ Security risks

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✿ More expensive                    ✿ Security risks

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6. Disadvantages