# data[].attributes.body
Subculture- A cultural group within a larger larger group. This can be asian american culture or even hispanic culture in America.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Marc Anthony: Vivir mi vida (Lyrics in English & Spanish)

# data[].attributes.body
Acculturation happens when one culture adopts another culture. Most historians view it in context of conquered people, but this can happen voluntarily as well. For example: The adoption of the beliefs of the democratic republic, personal freedoms, and anti monarchist from America during the French Revolution.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Re:Re: - Asian Kung-Fu Generation (Single ver.) Boku dake ga Inai Machi OP

# data[].attributes.body
Post-colonialism- The act of embedding ideas to keep the ideals of colonialism moving in a postcolonial society. For the united states, that could be keeping or even moving the Native Americans out and keeping them suppressed, or any other oppressed cultures here

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Paul Robeson - Ol' Man River (Showboat - 1936) J.Kern O. Hammerstein II

# data[].attributes.body
Hybridity is defined almost identically to syncretism but there is a greater level of emphasis placed on the equality of the two cultures that merged into the new one.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Te Harinui performed by David Lyle Morris

# data[].attributes.body
Globalization is the overall interaction of nations and cultures across the globe. The exchange of goods through trade is the most obvious exchange between nations, but nations can also share knowledge and technology. Often culture is exchanged or adopted due to these interactions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
I worked for the US State Department as a Jazz Diplomat

# data[].attributes.body
Colonialism- the act of taking control over one county and using it for exporting goods and services. In many cases a new set of language, religion and food and other cultures are imposed on the indigenous culture
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/colonialism/#close

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V74f9eIi9c0

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Colonialism is defined as "control by one power over a dependent area or people." It occurs when one nation subjugates another, conquering its population and exploiting it, often while forcing its own language and cultural values upon its people. By 1914, a large majority of the world's nations had been colonized by Europeans at some point.

The concept of colonialism is closely linked to that of imperialism, which is the policy or ethos of using power and influence to control another nation or people that underlies colonialism.

History of colonialism

In antiquity, colonialism was practiced by empires such as Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient Egypt, and Phoenicia. These civilizations all extended their borders into surrounding and non-contiguous areas from about 1550 B.C. onward, and established colonies that drew on the physical and population resources of the people they conquered in order to increase their own power.

Modern colonialism began during what's also known as the Age of Discovery. Beginning in the 15th century, Portugal began looking for new trade routes and searching for civilizations outside of Europe. In 1415, Portuguese explorers conquered Ceuta, a coastal town in North Africa, kicking off an empire that would last until 1999.

Soon the Portuguese had conquered and populated islands like Madeira and Cape Verde, and their rival nation, Spain, decided to try exploration, too. In 1492, Christopher Columbus began looking for a western route to India and China. Instead, he landed in the Bahamas, kicking off the Spanish Empire. Spain and Portugal became locked in competition for new territories and took over indigenous lands in the Americas, India, Africa, and Asia.

England, the Netherlands, France, and Germany quickly began their own empire building overseas, fighting Spain and Portugal for the right to lands they had already conquered. Despite the growth of European colonies in the New World, most countries managed to gain independence during the 18th and 19th century, beginning with the American Revolution in 1776 and the Haitian Revolution in 1781. However, the Eastern Hemisphere continued to tempt European colonial powers.

Starting in the 1880s, European nations focused on taking over African lands, racing one another to coveted natural resources and establishing colonies they would hold until an international period of decolonization began around 1914, challenging European colonial empires up to 1975.

Colonial rationale and resistance

Colonial powers justified their conquests by asserting that they had a legal and religious obligation to take over the land and culture of indigenous peoples. Conquering nations cast their role as civilizing "barbaric" or "savage" nations, and argued that they were acting in the best interests of those whose lands and peoples they exploited.

Despite the power of colonizers who claimed lands that were already owned and populated by indigenous peoples, resistance is an integral part of the story of colonialism. Even before decolonization, indigenous people on all continents staged violent and nonviolent resistance to their conquerors.

Benefits and harm

Colonial governments invested in infrastructure and trade and disseminated medical and technological knowledge. In some cases, they encouraged literacy, the adoption of Western human rights standards, and sowed the seeds for democratic institutions and systems of government. Some former colonies, like Ghana, experienced a rise in nutrition and health with colonial rule, and colonial European settlement has been linked to some development gains.

However, coercion and forced assimilation often accompanied those gains, and scholars still debate colonialism's many legacies. Colonialism's impacts include environmental degradation, the spread of disease, economic instability, ethnic rivalries, and human rights violations -issues that can long outlast one group's colonial rule.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Colonialism is defined as "control by one power over a dependent area or people." It occurs when one nation subjugates another, conquering its population and exploiting it, often while forcing its own language and cultural values upon its people. By 1914, a large majority of the world's nations had been colonized by Europeans at some point.

# data[].attributes.body
Most simply, enculturation is the process of learning a culture. Every human being experiences enculturation at least once during their life. Starting from birth, our parents teach us how to talk, act, and function. Then when we enter into society, we are taught how to understand the world and are essentially programmed with a certain aesthetic towards music, art, fashion, beauty, etc. Finally, as we become teenagers and move into adulthood, we learn about roles in society and begin to understand how we interact with others based on our cultural/societal status.

# data[].attributes.body
Syncretism is similar to transculturation and involves the meshing of two cultures to create a new one. It is used typically in discussing religions.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Hal Leonard and Shawnee Press Church Choral

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
LORD, IF I GOT MY TICKET, CAN I RIDE? (SATB Choir) - arr. Sheldon Curry

# data[].attributes.body
Nationalism is the belief in the superiority and benevolence of ones nation. It is important that the nation is not just the government but also the culture of the nation. So both the government and culture are viewed as worthy to defend and spread.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqUEeGg4Ys

# data[].attributes.body
Similar to the process of enculturation, when moving to a new part of the world one experiences transculturation, especially if moving between eastern and western societies. This process involves learning an entirely new set of cultural standards that could be entirely different from one’s own. Transculturation can also happen on a societal level. In these cases, two cultures (e.g. the native and invasive) are mixed together, with aspects of each being modified or even lost. To see an example of this process, simply look at any society that was touched by a European country during the colonial period.