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I chose this website because it is very informative. If you go to the website, you will see where lots of research has been done to see how the earth is being effected bu humans. The website discussing cultural and agricultural changes that need to be made to help the environment.The site discusses the relationship between our food, the population, and the way we conduct everyday life. You don't really think about these things in your everyday life and this is a real "eye opener.

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The impacts of climate change on land are already severe and will substantially increase food prices, risking widespread food instability, says a new report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The Special Report on Climate Change and Land warned that a food crisis looms, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions, if carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions go unchecked. Rising temperatures may also reduce the nutritional value of crops and will significantly reduce crop yields, the report said.

Extreme weather events have already increased in size and intensity and are playing a role in food price spikes in recent years, said Cynthia Rosenzweig, Coordinating Lead Author of the IPCC Special Report and a climatologist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

Extensive spring flooding in the U.S. Midwest this year led to extremely late planting of corn and soy crops, reducing potential yields. Drought wilted rice fields in Thailand and Indonesia, and scorched sugar cane plantations and oilseed crops in India.

Record-breaking heat waves in Europe this summer have affected many crops, including an expected 13 percent decline in French wine production.

"The potential for failure of multiple bread basket regions is increasing," says Rosenzweig in a press conference from Geneva.

Bread basket regions are places that produce large quantities of grains like the U.S. High Plains, or that produce large volumes of rice, such as Southeast Asia.

Crop yields and animal growth rates are already falling. Nutrition levels are also expected to decline with continued CO2 emissions, putting already poor countries at very severe risk of increased hunger and malnutrition, she said.

Major reforms needed

The IPCC Special Report is the first-ever comprehensive look at the whole land-climate system. It involved 103 experts from 52 countries and weighs in at over 1300 pages. A 65-page "Summary for Policymakers" was released today. The summary was approved line-by-line by the world's various governments at a special meeting this week in Geneva.

"It's an incredibly ambitious and wide-ranging report. It was difficult to get agreement on the summary," says Jim Skea, co-chairman of an IPCC working group.

The report calls for a transformation of food systems from industrial agriculture to sustainable land management, using practices found in organic and agroecological farming.

"We have to protect the quality of the entire landscape where food is produced," says Louis Verchot of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture and a lead author of the special report.

That means preventing further degradation of soils, water, insect life, or any element of the biosphere from farm field to consumers' tables, Verchot said.

Agriculture and global food systems need to be reformed because they are a big part of the climate problem, producing about one-third of total carbon emissions, said Mark Howden, director of the Climate Change Institute at the Australian National University.

However, they can be part of the solution. More efficient, sustainable forms of food production can reduce emissions, freeing up land that can be used to store carbon in soils and vegetation like trees, said Howden, a vice chairman of an IPCC working group.

"Reductions in food loss and waste, currently estimated to be 25-30 percent of the global food produced, could have similar benefits," he says in an email.

Informed choices

Land is under tremendous development pressures. But carbon emissions can be reduced and ecosystems protected while increasing food production, said Pamela McElwee of Rutgers University and a lead author of the report.

"We don't need any new technologies, just making informed choices," says McElwee in a press conference.

Those include choosing to end deforestation in the tropics and protecting peatlands and coastal wetlands, along with cutting food waste and reducing meat consumption. It means choosing to scale up sustainable farming practices so that more food can be grown, while increasing organic carbon in soils, and helping small farmers improve their livelihoods, while enhancing biodiversity.

"I don't want to say these choices are a no-brainers but...," she says.

Protecting the world's remaining forests as quickly as possible is a definite no-brainer, according to Charlotte Streck, head of climate think-tank Climate Focus. Streck says the sharp increases in meat consumption in China and Asia pose a threat to forests and the climate. Eating less meat is healthier, and since over 60 percent of agricultural land is used for meat production, cutting meat consumption would free up a lot of land for reforestation, she said.

"The inherent value of forests is gigantic," says Carlos Nobre, a senior scientist at the University of São Paulo in Brazil.

However, the current Brazilian government under Jair Bolsonaro sees no economic value in protecting forests. Deforestation in the Amazon has accelerated 40 percent in the last year, Nobre said in a press conference.

"Few political leaders in the tropics see the value in protecting forests," he says.

Countries need to integrate the findings of the special report into their climate action plans and make them part of their increased national commitments to reduce emissions, said Stephan Singer, senior advisor at Climate Action Network International. Under the Paris Agreement, most countries are expected to increase their climate pledges next year.

"These pledges should include no deforestation, legislated restoration of forests on degraded lands, support for sustainable agriculture and secure land rights for indigenous and local communities," says Singer.

Richer nations need cut their own carbon emissions to zero before 2050 and provide massive funding to developing countries to protect their forests.

"Governments face hard choices now because they've been negligent for 30 years," he said. "This is only way left to get to close to 1.5 C."

As part of the 2105 Paris Agreement every country in the world agreed to limit global warming to 1.5 Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) to limit the damaging impacts of climate change.

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World food crisis looms if carbon emissions go unchecked, UN says

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The impacts of climate change on land are already severe and will substantially increase food prices, risking widespread food instability, says a new report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The Special Report on Climate Change and Land warned that a food crisis looms, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions, if carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions go unchecked.

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I chose morphine. Morphine is a plant based medicine. It is based from the plant source Papaver somniferum.  I chose this because my dad just past away from cancer and I am thankful for it. Without going into a bunch of detail, it helps with pain. It gives the family a sense of peace knowing their loved one is not hurting. Is it morally correct? At times like this, you don't really care, you just want your loved one to have peace!

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Morphine, narcotic analgesic drug used in medicine in the form of its hydrochloride, sulfate, acetate, and tartrate salts. Morphine was isolated from opium by the German chemist F.W.A. Sertürner in about 1804. In its power to reduce the level of physical distress, morphine is among the most important naturally occurring compounds, being of use in the treatment of pain caused by cancer and in cases where other analgesics have failed. It also has a calming effect that protects the system against exhaustion in traumatic shock, internal hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, and debilitated conditions (as certain forms of typhoid fever). It is most frequently administered by injection to ensure rapid action, but it is also effective when given orally.

morphine U.S. Department of Justice

Morphine produces a relaxed, drowsy state and many side effects that result from the depression of the respiratory, circulatory, and gastrointestinal systems. It also is an emetic and a general depressant. The most serious drawback to the drug is its addictiveness.

Morphine, an opium alkaloid, can be converted into heroin, which shows a considerably stronger euphoric effect and is so powerfully addictive that its manufacture is legally prohibited in many countries. Other derivatives of morphine include the analgesics methylmorphine ( codeine), ethylmorphine, dihydrocodeinone, and dihydromorphinone and the emetic apomorphine.

The structure of morphine proposed in the 1920s by J.M. Gulland and R. Robinson was confirmed in 1952 by its total synthesis, accomplished by M. Gates and G. Tschudi. Synthetic organic chemistry also has provided a number of compounds (as meperidine, methadone, and pentazocine) that have in part supplanted morphine in medical use.

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Morphine is extracted from the dried milky exudate of the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum). It occurs as colourless crystals or a white crystalline powder.

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Morphine, narcotic analgesic drug used in medicine in the form of its hydrochloride, sulfate, acetate, and tartrate salts. Morphine was isolated from opium by the German chemist F.W.A. Sertürner in about 1804. In its power to reduce the level of physical distress, morphine is among the most

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I chose this web page because it is very informative about the green revolution. The page explains the history and development of the revolution. It also talks about plant technologies, impacts of the revolution and even criticism of the revolution. I also enjoyed the picture. he appears to be peaceful and happy.

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The term Green Revolution refers to the renovation of agricultural practices beginning in Mexico in the 1940s. Because of its success in producing more agricultural products there, Green Revolution technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s, significantly increasing the number of calories produced per acre of agriculture.

History and Development of the Green Revolution

The beginnings of the Green Revolution are often attributed to Norman Borlaug, an American scientist interested in agriculture. In the 1940s, he began conducting research in Mexico and developed new disease resistance high-yield varieties of wheat. By combining Borlaug's wheat varieties with new mechanized agricultural technologies, Mexico was able to produce more wheat than was needed by its own citizens, leading to them becoming an exporter of wheat by the 1960s. Prior to the use of these varieties, the country was importing almost half of its wheat supply.

Due to the success of the Green Revolution in Mexico, its technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s. The United States, for instance, imported about half of its wheat in the 1940s but after using Green Revolution technologies, it became self-sufficient in the 1950s and became an exporter by the 1960s.

In order to continue using Green Revolution technologies to produce more food for a growing population worldwide, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation, as well as many government agencies around the world funded increased research. In 1963 with the help of this funding, Mexico formed an international research institution called The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.

Countries all over the world, in turn, benefited from the Green Revolution work conducted by Borlaug and this research institution. India, for example, was on the brink of mass famine in the early 1960s because of its rapidly growing population. Borlaug and the Ford Foundation then implemented research there and they developed a new variety of rice, IR8, that produced more grain per plant when grown with irrigation and fertilizers. Today, India is one of the world's leading rice producers and IR8 rice usage spread throughout Asia in the decades following the rice's development in India.

Plant Technologies of the Green Revolution

The crops developed during the Green Revolution were high yield varieties - meaning they were domesticated plants bred specifically to respond to fertilizers and produce an increased amount of grain per acre planted.

The terms often used with these plants that make them successful are harvest index, photosynthate allocation, and insensitivity to day length. The harvest index refers to the above-ground weight of the plant. During the Green Revolution, plants that had the largest seeds were selected to create the most production possible. After selectively breeding these plants, they evolved to all have the characteristic of larger seeds. These larger seeds then created more grain yield and a heavier above ground weight.

This larger above ground weight then led to an increased photosynthate allocation. By maximizing the seed or food portion of the plant, it was able to use photosynthesis more efficiently because the energy produced during this process went directly to the food portion of the plant.

Finally, by selectively breeding plants that were not sensitive to day length, researchers like Borlaug were able to double a crop's production because the plants were not limited to certain areas of the globe based solely on the amount of light available to them.

Impacts of the Green Revolution

Since fertilizers are largely what made the Green Revolution possible, they forever changed agricultural practices because the high yield varieties developed during this time cannot grow successfully without the help of fertilizers.

Irrigation also played a large role in the Green Revolution and this forever changed the areas where various crops can be grown. For instance, before the Green Revolution, agriculture was severely limited to areas with a significant amount of rainfall, but by using irrigation, water can be stored and sent to drier areas, putting more land into agricultural production - thus increasing nationwide crop yields.

In addition, the development of high yield varieties meant that only a few species of say, rice started being grown. In India, for example, there were about 30,000 rice varieties prior to the Green Revolution, today there are around ten - all the most productive types. By having this increased crop homogeneity though the types were more prone to disease and pests because there were not enough varieties to fight them off. In order to protect these few varieties then, pesticide use grew as well.

Finally, the use of Green Revolution technologies exponentially increased the amount of food production worldwide. Places like India and China that once feared famine have not experienced it since implementing the use of IR8 rice and other food varieties.

Criticism of the Green Revolution

Along with the benefits gained from the Green Revolution, there have been several criticisms. The first is that the increased amount of food production has led to overpopulation worldwide.

The second major criticism is that places like Africa have not significantly benefited from the Green Revolution. The major problems surrounding the use of these technologies here though are a lack of infrastructure, governmental corruption, and insecurity in nations.

Despite these criticisms though, the Green Revolution has forever changed the way agriculture is conducted worldwide, benefiting the people of many nations in need of increased food production.

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All You Wanted to Know About the Green Revolution

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The term Green Revolution refers to the renovation of agricultural practices beginning in Mexico in the 1940s. Because of its success in producing more agricultural products there, Green Revolution technologies spread worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s, significantly increasing the number of calories produced per acre of agriculture.

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The traditional view is that the shift to agricultural food production supported a denser population, which in turn supported larger sedentary communities, the accumulation of goods and tools, and specialization in diverse forms of new labor. Overall a population could increase its size more rapidly when resources were more available. The resulting larger societies led to the development of different means of decision making and governmental organization. However, Neolithic populations generally had poorer nutrition, shorter life expectancies, and a more labor-intensive lifestyle than hunter-gatherers. Diseases jumped from animals to humans, and agriculturalists suffered from more anemia, vitamin deficiencies, spinal deformations, and dental pathologies.

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The grassland biome would seem to be the most endangered to me. Indigenous temperate grasslands are one of the world's great biomes, occupying 8% of the earth's surface. After cradling human needs for centuries they are the most endangered, the most altered and yet the least protected biome on the planet. Grasslands are sadly being threatened by human impacts. They are disappearing due to dividing up the land for farming and urban development. People tour the tropical grasslands and watch the animals. The animals are developing behavior problems due to being observed for long periods.

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This website identifies plants native to Georgia. The website offers pictures of the plants and discuss the best environment for the plants so they can thrive. It gives different example of different kinds of plants and shows you how to identify them. The site also provides what seasons the plant will thrive in. This website is very informative if you are wanting to educate yourself more on plants.

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I chose this animation because it is very informative. The animation uses everyday language so the audience can easily understand. The animation also goes in depth on the process of photosynthesis. I also like the simple animation , I feel like that also makes it easier to understand.

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SOURCE: Alberts, et al., Essential Cell Biology, Second Edition, Garland Science Publishing © 2004 Garland Science Publishing and Sumanas, Inc. KEYWORDS: Plant cells, photosynthesis, chloroplasts, photosystem, thylakoid membrane, ATP production

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Plants are beneficial to use for more than one reason. They are necessary for humans to live. Plants provide oxygen for us breath, food for us to eat, help in other aspects of life. Plants are used to make medicines, paper, and other everyday items that we take for granted. Without plants, humans and animals would all become extinct.