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Waves and their applications in technologies for information transfer

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Waves and their applications in technologies for information transfer

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repeating pattern of motion

grade band endpoint

2nd

waves can be created in water

sound can make matter vibrate

12

wave length and frequency are related to each other

reflection, refraction, transmission

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PS3.4 Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life

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PS3.4 Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life

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dam, food, fuel energy all conserve energy til it needs to be used
grade band endpoint

2nd

friction

5th

"produce energy"

12th

nuclear fusion produces radiation

photosynthesis =solar energy

energy cant be destroyed but can be converted to less useful forms

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PS 3.C Relationship between energy and forces

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PS 3.C Relationship between energy and forces

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when two objects interact each object exerts a force on each other
grade band endpoint

2nd

a bigger push or pull makes things go faster

12th

force fields

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PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer

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PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer

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total change in energy in any system is equal to the total energy transferred out.

grade band endpoint

grade 12

energy cant be created or destroyed

the availability of energy limits what can occur in any system

uncontrolled systems always evolve towards more stable states

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energy manifests itself in light motion(kinetic energy), sound, electrical and magnetic fields, and thermal energy
There is kinetic energy, potential energy,  electromagnetic radiation,
Grade Endpoint

12

quantitative property of a system

energy manifests itself in multiple ways

mechanical energy

chemical energy

radiation

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1. Definitions of Energy

2. Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer

3. Relationship between energy and forces

4. Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life

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Ps2.C Stability and Instability in Physical Systems

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Ps2.C Stability and Instability in Physical Systems

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stability and instability in any system depend on the balance of competing effects

grade band endpoints

2nd

whether and object moves or stays still depend on effects of multiple pushes and pulls

12

systems change in predictable ways

when a system has a lot of components in may be hard to predict

systems can evolve in multiple ways depending on its starting condition

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Force has a few types of interactions gravity, electromagnetism, and strong and weak nuclear reactions

grade band endpoints

2nd

When objects touch or collide they push on one another and can change motion or shape.

12

Newtons law and Coulombs law

magnetic fields

nuclear isotopes

attraction and repulsion between electric charges cause electric fields

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what happens when a force is applied to an object depends not only on that force but all the other forces acting on it
Grade Band Endpoints

2nd

objects push or pull when they collide or are connected

can change speed or direction

12

Newtons second law accurately predicts changes in motion

mass times velocity = motion

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Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

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Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

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interactions between two objects can cause changes in one or both of them

Forces and Motion

Types of Interactions

Stability and Instability in Physical Systems

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important to understand since it explains the formation and abundance of the elements, radioactivity, and the energy  of the  sun and stars and also the generation of nuclear power.
Grade band endpoints

8th

nuclear fusion can create larger nuclei

takes place in cores of stars

how stars give off light

12th

fusion, fission and radioactive decay involve changes in nuclear binding energies

radiometric dating

normal stars cease producing light after material converts to carbon

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understanding chemical reactions and properties of elements is essential for physical science, life science, and space and earth science

Grade Band endpoints

2nd

heating or cooling a substance might cause a reaction that can be seen

5th

new substance can be formed when two different substances are mixed.

8th

substances react chemically

atoms that make up substances  are regrouped into different chemicals

12th

chemical processes, rate and whether or not they release energy

can use info about atoms to predict chemical reactions

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Ps1.A: Structures and properties of Matter

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Ps1.A: Structures and properties of Matter

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elements, molecules, atoms

grade band points

2nd

different types of matter exist

solid or liquid depending on temperature

natural or manmade

5th

can be subdivided into particles too little to see but can still be detected

weight is conserved when changes form

8th

All substances made from 100 different types of atoms

pure substances

12th

each atom has a charge substructure

repeating patterns of this table reflect outer electron state

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types of atoms present and the interactions between and within them.

1. Structures and Properties of Matter

2. chemical reactions

3. nuclear processes

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What is everything made of? Why do things happen?