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Coke, a non-renewable source of energy, is utilized as a fuel in a blast furnace, which raises the price of coal and iron mining, making it much more expensive.

It is harmful to the environment since the exhaust produced leaves through the top of the furnace and pollutes the air.

The procedure takes a long time, consuming a lot of energy, which becomes less efficient.

It can only be used as an integrated Steel Plant and requires a large number of utilities.

Hydro cyanide and cyanogen gas are produced during the process, which is highly poisonous when inhaled.

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A low-cost method as compared to other methods to manufacture iron and steel

It is capable of quickly turning huge amounts of iron into molten iron.

Since it is large-scale manufacturing, the process is continuous and supply is constant.

The operating system of the blast furnace is entirely automated that has an extremely sturdy mechanism, allowing the machine to resist many shutdowns and restarts.

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Agricultural lands are developed into infrastructures, which need a massive amount of steel. Steel is manufactured using blast furnaces or electric arc furnaces. These heating chambers are used to melt and process lead, copper, and other metals, which will be available to the market for construction. These technologies has its own advantages and disadvantages.

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Sawdust particles, a byproduct of sawing wood, contribute to air pollution.

Small particles are dispersed into the air which people can inhale, leading to health problems in the lungs.

Disposal of sawdust in the form of burning emits high emissions of several toxic gases, which contributes to global warming and toxicity to humans.

Workers are exposed to various hazards when managing and operating the machinery.

Uses large amounts of fossil fuel and, which increases the release of greenhouse gases into the environment.

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Use lasers, sensors, and computers to maximize workers, resulting in increased efficiency

Advanced technology is used to cut logs, which improves workers' safety.

Lasers, sensors, scanners, and cameras are utilized to ensure that product is of high quality.

Color vision technology and geometric scanning to determine grade and the best ways to cut the logs.

Faster production, which results in an abundant supply of ready to use lumber

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Agriculture is the backbone of the Philippine economy as it accounts for 11.3% of the country's gross domestic product in 2014 and 32% of total employment in 2012 (Senate Government). Isabela is one of the top producing agricultural provinces in corn and paddy production, with 21% and 15% output respectively. Hence, Isabela becomes responsible for supplying food to nearby provinces in Luzon, especially Metro Manila. Despite these numbers, several issues about agriculture threaten the food security of the Philippines. One of which is agricultural conversion. As more land is lost and converted to non-agricultural use such as infrastructure developments, residential areas, road widening, it becomes much more difficult to produce and supply enough food needed for the country. According to Bordey (2010), land areas allocated to rice cultivation decreased due to several reasons such as urbanization, industrial land use, and competing agricultural purposes. Actual rice acreage decreased from 3.4 million hectares in 1991 to 2.8 million hectares in 2001. The conversion of agricultural lands directly affects the production of crops, threatening the food security of the country. If it remains unresolved, it can contribute to the hunger experience in the country, which eventually leads to malnutrition. Furthermore, it also affects the livelihood of the majority of the workers found in this area. Employment would decrease and people wouldn’t be able to meet the basic necessities to sustain their lives.

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Sawmill is a machinery used to chop big pieces of wood, sometimes known as lumber. It processes wood into beams and planks, which will be ready to use by different sectors, especially construction and manufacturing. The process of converting wood into something useful has both advantages and disadvantages.

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The Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park is among the most significant protected areas in the Philippines as it is a home and a livelihood to the most diverse species of animals, plants, and even humans. Laws and different programs are created and implemented by both government and non-government organizations to preserve the beauty of this environment. However, there is still a proliferation of illegal logging in this area for decades, which poses a serious threat to both the biodiversity and community. Illegal logging is cutting down trees to process them into the timber to make them available to the market, which damages the ecosystem in different ways. Generally, it would cause deforestation if it is converted to a non-forest use. According to the Forest Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, the Philippines loses around 47,000 hectares of forest cover per year. This deprivation induces the loss of vegetation and plantation that is responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. With that, it increased greenhouse gas emissions by 114% between 1990 and 2017 (Climate Action Tracker, 2019). As this percentage rises, it worsens the climate in which there are much more extreme temperatures and weather hazards that harm animals, ruin their habitats, and destroy people's livelihoods and communities. This phenomenon is evident as PAGASA has recorded the highest heat index in the Philippines, which is 51.6 degrees celsius in Pangasinan. Moreover, illegal logging could result in flooding and erosion since the trees that would help to hold the soil in place, and their roots to absorb water are harvested without being replanted. Recently, typhoon Odette passed through the country and devastated root crops, houses, and buildings, and took the lives of many. Illegal logging does not only cause physical effects, but it also disrupts the life found in these forests. According to Bird Life International, Isabela Oriole Oriolus isabellae endemic to Isabela is critically endangered with only a population of 50 to 249. Animals in their own habitat are displaced, which gives them nowhere to go and be vulnerable to predators. Others lose their food sources and eventually die and become extinct. Moreover, crops are destroyed, which reduces the natural resources and affects the livelihood and availability of food of indigenous people located in the mountains.

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The best quality timber resources in the Philippines are found in the forest of Isabela. Some 54% of the province`s total area is covered by forestland, of which 62% is part of the protected area while 38% is designated as production forest. The woodwork industry continues to operate under a regulated system, particularly the making furniture using indigenous materials.

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Another thriving industry in Isabela is aquaculture, sustained by inland fishing through 1,108 hectares of developed freshwater fishponds and 450 hectares of fish cage culture at Magat Dam Reservoir. Rich marine resources could be found in Coastal Isabela’s seaboard towns of Maconacon, Divilacan, Palanan, and Dinapigue.

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As second highest rice-growing province nationwide, Isabela produces 15% of the aggregate national rice production on an annual basis. Being a surplus producer of the Filipinos’ staple crop, the province’s rice sufficiency rate is at 224%, which means that Isabeliños produce more than they consume and are in fact responsible for supplying the rice requirements of Metro Manila and many other provinces.

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Agriculture is the biggest industry in Isabela. As the country’s top corn-producing province, it contributes 21%of the annual national yellow corn production. Asia’s largest post-harvest corn processing facility, the Mindanao Grains, is located in the town of Reina Mercedes, Isabela.

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The economy of Isabela is at the fulcrum of an ever increasing growth curve with an annual regular revenue for the fiscal year of 2016 amounting to ₱2,637,950,546.97. In terms of income classification, it is rated as a first-class province and considered among the richest and most progressive province in the Philippines.

Strategically located at the center of Cagayan Valley region, Isabela is acknowledged to have demonstrated strengths in business and industry. Thus, it has come to be known as the “Regional Trade and Industrial Center” of north-eastern Luzon.

High-value agricultural crops grown in Isabela include monggo, tobacco, coffee, banana, and mango. Its livestock and poultry industries are also on the rise, especially dairy processing, hog production, cattle breeding, and commercial poultry raising.

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- DEPRIVATIONS IN ISABELA                                                                                                          

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- DEPRIVATIONS IN ISABELA                                                                                                          

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Endemic to Greater Luzon.

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Adhikari, S. and Ozarska, B. (2018). Minimizing environmental impacts of timber products through the production process “From Sawmill to Final Products”. Environ Syst Res 7, 6.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-018-0109-x

Baksi, S. (2021, October 24). Blast furnace: Definition, construction or parts, working principles, applications advantages . Learn Mechanical. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://learnmechanical.com/blast-furnace/

BirdLife International (2022) Species factsheet: Oriolus isabellae. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 04/03/2022.

Bordey, Flordeliza. (2010). The impacts of research on Philippine rice production. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4824594.pdf

Cabico, G. K. (2018, March 4). Recovering the Philippines' forest cover. Philstar.com. Retrieved March 4, 2022, from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/03/04/1793446/recovering-philippines-forest-cover

Climate Action Tracker (CAT). (2019b). Philippines. In CAT December 2019 Update. Berlin: Climate Analytics, New Climate Institute. https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/ philippines/

Economic Profile (n.d.). Official website of the province of Isabela. Retrieved March 4, 2022, from http://www.provinceofisabela.ph/index.php/doing-business-in-isabela/2013-07-09-01-13-03

Flores, H. (2021, May 9). Philippines records 51 degrees celsius heat index in Pangasinan. Philstar.com. Retrieved March 4, 2022, from https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/05/10/2097066/philippines-records-51-degrees-celsius-heat-index-pangasinan

Hoard, Emily (2017, May 3). Technology in today's sawmills. The News Review. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://www.nrtoday.com/news/environment/technology-in-todays-sawmills/article_9b462c6b-0f76-59cf-8888-7a059e25494e.html

Isabela (n.d.). Regional Development Council Cagayan Valley Region. Retrieved March 4, 2022, from http://rdc.rdc2.gov.ph/?p=73

Isabela (n.d.). PhilAtlas. Retrieved March 4, 2022, from https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/r02/isabela.html

Isabela Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Philippines) (n.d.). Weather Spark. Retrieved March 4, 2022, from https://weatherspark.com/y/138073/Average-Weather-in-Isabela-Philippines-Year-Round#:~:text=The%20month%20with%20the%20most,least%200.04%20inches%20of%20precipitation.

Ramos, S. (2015, January 10). Philippine crocodile conservation in Isabela Province. eBON. Retrieved March 4, 2022, from https://ebonph.wordpress.com/2013/01/04/philippine-crocodile-conservation-in-isabela-province/

Satyendra. (2015). Blast Furnace Gas, its Characteristics and Safety Requirements. IspatGuru. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://www.ispatguru.com/blast-furnace-gas-its-characteristics-and-safety-requirements/

Wang, G. C. (2016). The utilization of slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction. Woodhead Publishing.

Washington Forest Protection Association. (2020, February 21). Modern-day forestry increasingly relies on technology, latest science. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://www.wfpa.org/news-resources/blog/modern-day-forestry-increasingly-relies-on-technology-latest-science/

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Grass Land

Agricultural Land

Bare/Rocky Land

Residual Forest

Reproduction Brush

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Average monthly temperature is 27.1°C

Average Rainfall is 2430 mm

Drier Season: November to May

Wet Season: July

The eastern and coastal areas experience moderate rainfall more or less distributed throughout the year.

The western part has pronounced wed and dry seasons.

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Lakes

Rivers

Dam

Waterfall

Marine Environments

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Isabela has 34 municipalities and 3 cities. The total number of barangays in the province is 1,055.

Population is 1,697,050

Age group with the highest population is 5 to 9, with 164,851 individuals.

Age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 12,738 individuals.

Most commonly used language are Ilocano, Ibanag, Gaddang, Tagalog, Yogad, and English.

Religions are Roman Catholic, Born Again, Iglesia ni Cristo, Aglipayan, and United Methodist Church.

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Coastal Isabela which is generally flat to rolling is distinguished by 113 kilometers shoreline facing the Pacific Ocean. Found here are the province’s vast fishing ground, beautiful bays, caves, small islands and white beaches.

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Western Isabela is a vast, sprawling, fertile valley hemmed in by the Sierra Madre on the east and the Cordillera Central on the west. This flat and rolling area is subdivided into little valleys and sub-plains by the Cagayan River, the longest river in the Philippines at 301 kilometers long.

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Isabela is the second largest province in the Philippines, is situated in the northeastern part of Luzon. It is bounded on the north by the province of Cagayan, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino and Aurora and on the west by the provinces of Kalinga, Apayao, Mt. Province and Ifugao. Its capital town is Ilagan, which is 398 kilometers north of Manila.

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Image by: AKIRATRINIDAD ON WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

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The Eastern Isabela is rugged and thickly forested. The massive Sierra Madre Mountain range straddles the entire length of the province from north to south. There is a vast natural park, home to variety of wildlife. It is also where Isabela’s best timber can be found.