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https://www.relexsolutions.com/news/filipino-hypermarket-chain-prince-retail-to-optimize-retail-planning-with-relex-solutions/

https://www.wheninmanila.com/heres-the-situation-with-grab-food-food-panda-and-lalafood-during-the-coronavirus/

https://www.visitphilippines.org/about-philippines/caloocan-city/

hhttps://www.businesslist.ph/category/food-manufacturing/city:caloocan

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AETHAER. (2019, March 4). Philippines Ranks Third In Air Pollution Deaths. Here's What Needs To Be Done... Retrieved from https://aethaer.com/news/philippines-ranks-third-air-pollution-deaths-heres-what-needs-be-done#:~:text=The%20leading%20contributor%20to%20air,to%20Metro%20Manila's%20air%20pollution.

City Planning and Development Department. (2016, December). Local Climate Change Action Plan - Caloocan. Retrieved from https://caloocancity.gov.ph/images/pdfs/Caloocan-City-2017-2025-LCCAP.pdf

GOVPH. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from https://caloocancity.gov.ph/departments-offices1/26-about-us

Luna, F. (2020, January 16). DENR notes unhealthy air in Pateros, Northern Caloocan. Philstar. Retrieved from https://www.philstar.com/nation/2020/01/16/1985297/denr-notes-unhealthy-air-pateros-northern-caloocan

NOOA National Severe Storms Laboratory. (n.d.). Flood Detection. Retrieved from https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/floods/detection/

PhilAtlas. (n.d.). Caloocan. PhilAtlas. Retrieved from https://www.philatlas.com/luzon/ncr/caloocan.html

Resilience and Innovation Learning Hub. (2019). Fact Sheet: Caloocan City. [pdf]. Retrieved from https://rilhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Factsheet_CaloocanCity_ECHOvisit-v1638_20190124.pdf

United States Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Managing Air Quality - Human Health, Environmental and Economic Assessments. EPA. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/air-quality-management-process/managing-air-quality-human-health-environmental-and-economic

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Rain gauges provide the most accurate method of measuring rainfall at a single geographic point. It is more efficient to use rain gauges that send reports real-time to the respective stations in order to monitor the occurrence and path of floods in the area. Although these devices do not directly stop flooding, they are still one of the most effective tool in flood management.

Satellite monitoring, as compared to rain gauges, are less direct and less accurate in gathering real-time estimates of rainfall. However, it covers a much larger area and also includes areas that are not covered by rainfall data gathering devices, such as the lesser populated ones. This is important in assessing hazards flooding in a smaller scale.

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Flood Map of South Caloocan by PAG-ASA-DOST, 2013

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Flood Map of North Caloocan by PAG-ASA-DOST, 2013

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Severe flood problems in the city are mostly due to river overflow, excessive rainfall and inadequate channel capacity. In some areas within higher elevation, accidents from flooding hazards (such as flash floods) are cause by erosion and landslides. These flood problems gave rise to the loss of property and some lives (on isolated cases) as well. Those areas identified at risk on this action plan report are classified as potential disaster areas; taking into account its physical condition and/or limitation, and known case of disaster or accident occurred within because of flood.

Based on the study conducted under the GMMA Ready Project, 15 barangays in the South Caloocan will be susceptible to high flooding and 5 barangays will have a very high flooding. Meanwhile, 20 barangays in the North Caloocan will be vulnerable to high flooding and 18 barangays to a very high flooding.

What is needed to solve this problem is to implement both structural and non-structural measures. Through constructing dams, floodways, and others that improve our water system, the occurrence of floods will be lesser until the area becomes flood-free. Of course, in order to make a concrete flood management plan, using technological tools such as radars, satellites, and rain gauges to constantly monitor flood events, mapping flood-prone areas will be much more accurate and would help on decision-making.

This deprivation is related to the eleventh Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations as the aim of resolving this is to make the city and its community safe, resilient, and sustainable.

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In 2018, Philippines ranked third in the highest number of deaths due to air pollution, with vehicle emissions as the leading contributor to the problem.

Although vehicles provide ease in transportation, it is different when overpopulation of these happens as it will lead to traffic congestion and increased trapped heat and carbon emissions that might eventually lead to hotter temperature and air quality. According to AETHAER News, there are already around two million registered vehicles in the Philippines, and together with the other vehicles that are unregistered, there will be much more that might be producing smoke emissions, contributing further to the worsening air pollution.

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Air pollution has always been a threat to the health of the people as its effect, whether the exposure is short-term or long-term, is associated with risks of acquiring several health problems, more so affecting the respiratory system. Worst case scenario would be death. Therefore, maintaining a good air quality is a must in order to minimize health risks and improve living within the community.

According to the Air Quality Monitoring System of the Department of Environment and Natural Services on January 16, 2020, North Caloocan is one of the areas that has high air quality index signifying an unhealthy air and that there has been no change to the numbers from the previous data.

This deprivation is related to the third Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations as it concerns the health and well-being of the people.

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According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Caloocan is 20 to 24, with 162,285 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 7,356 individuals.

Combining age groups together, those aged 14 and below, consisting of the young dependent population which include infants/babies, children and young adolescents/teenagers, make up an aggregate of 29.08% (460,665). Those aged 15 up to 64, roughly, the economically active population and actual or potential members of the work force, constitute a total of 67.35% (1,066,766). Finally, old dependent population consisting of the senior citizens, those aged 65 and over, total 3.57% (56,547) in all.

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Some of the urban poor families engage in informal livelihood activities such as street vending, pedicab driving, and others.

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Examples of food delivery services available to Caloocan City (Source: When in Manila)

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• More than half of the business and employment situated in the city offer services such as food delivery, customer, financial, maintenance, nutrition, and other services.

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Wondering why there are 2 different areas of Caloocan City? Check out Earth Shaker PH via clicking the link below!

Twitter: https://twitter.com/earthshakerph/status/1170305715254300672

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Breakdown of Districts in 16 Zones (Source: GOVPH)

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Caloocan City is further divided into two legislative districts. About 70 barangays are included in District 1 while 118 barangays in District 2. These barangays are also grouped into 16 zones as seen above.

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Household Population of Caloocan from 1990-2015 Census (Source: PhilAtlas)

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The population of Caloocan as of 2020 is now 1,661,584, having a 77,606 increase from the 2015 population.

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Annual Regular Income of Caloocan City from 2009 to 2016 (Source: PhilAtlas)

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As of 2016, the annual regular income of Caloocan City has reached Php 4,384,495,437.50.

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In 2013, a total of 4,275 business establishments are engaged in trade and merchandising.

The Victoria Wave Special Economic Zone and Industrial Complex is a Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) registered district. Located in the City of Caloocan, it is the only economic zone of its kind inside Metro Manila making it easily accessible to major sea ports, airports, and business centers.

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South & North Caloocan City (Source: Resilience and Innovation Learning Hub)

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Caloocan City consists of 2 separate areas, north and south, located at the northern part of the National Capital Region with a total combined area of 5,333.40 hectares: North with 3,970.90 hectares and South with 1,362.50.