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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Anger of Parties Promised Land in exchange for fighting in WWI

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Effect of Global Depression on Brazil?
How do the steps that Vargas takes compare to those of other totalitarian rulers at the time?

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Nationalists- Roman Catholics

Republicans/Loyalists - Republicans were typically buisness men, military, and land owners.

Some Historians argue that the Spanish Civil War is the actual beginning of WWII, to what extent do you agree or disagree and why? - The spanish civil war was similar timing with the start of WWII. However, Spain did not contribute to the allies or the axes during the beginning therefore the civil war is not the actual beginning of wwII

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Plans - Stalin's plans as a totalitarian were to spread the ideas of Communism beyond just the Soviet Union, secure his position in not only Russia, but also the entire world's affairs, and strengthen the Soviet Union into an empire.

Targeting - Stalin especially targeted the aristocracy, viewing them as a threat to his power - which was one thing he was very protective over. Stalin created gulags, or a system of labor camps maintained in the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1955 in which many people died. People such as lawyers, teachers, doctors, and military officers were all specific groups of the aristocracy that Stalin targeted.

Effects - Effects of Stalin's totalitarianism and rule in general were a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, and collectivization of agriculture - most of which as a result of his 5 year plans.

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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Stalin's 5 Year Plans & Collectivization

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What were they - Stalin's 5 year plans were policies relative to the economy that called for the collectivization of agriculture and the expansion of heavy industry.

What were the goals - These plans were intended to fix the Soviet Union's weaknesses and make it an industrial powerhouse with high exports. Russia was very weak in terms of its economy, so these 5 year plans were intended to bring more machinery, more steel production, new factories, more oil production, and more electrical power plants.

What were the outcomes - The outcomes of the 5 year plans were capital goods increasing by 158%, consumer goods increasing by 87%, and the total industrial output increasing by 118%.

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Rising Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements 

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Colonies of allied powers felt betrayed that their sacrifices during the war were not acknowledged, and angered that they were not afforded the opportunity for self-determination that some European peoples were given

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What is it?
An imperial concept created and promulgated for occupied Asian populations by the government and military of the Empire of Japan. It promoted the cultural and economic unity of the East Asian race. Essentially, it was Japan's concept of colonization and empire within Asia
What are the goals?
It had the intention to create a self-sufficient "block of Asian nations led by the Japanese without any Western interference. Also, it was set in order to control other countries and use their resources for the war effort.

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1. Effect of Global Depression on Japan?
Arguably the most devastating was the dramatic decrease in trade, which lead to a rise in unemployment and starvation among peasants. Those peasants began to be drawn to the idea of communism, the youngest generations grew partial to western culture and revolted against tradition, and the tension between the government and the military grew.
2. New Territories Seized?
Japan acquired Taiwan, Korea, South Sakhalin, South Seas Mandate, and Manchuria.

3. Why did they leave the League of Nations?
The League appointed a commission that mandated that Manchuria became a state under Chinese sovereignty. But, Japan already had too great a hold over Manchuria, and refused.  The Japanese government rejected the commission and withdrew from the League in 1933.

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Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

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Areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America that were economically dependent on Imperial powers experience severe economic consequences

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What is it?
Relief?
Recovery?
Reform?

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How does this help create a GLOBAL depression? - After the Great Depression protectionism began in order to protect their economy by limiting the imports and/or taxing the import from foreign countries. The expensive taxes and tariffs led to the decline of international trade because of the attempt to protect domestic jobs

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1. After a brief surge in the 20's people have over-invested in the stock market  --> Crash
2. Agricultural Overproduction --> low prices on goods --> farmers can't pay off debts
3. European debtors aren't paying

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France and Britain are counting on German reparations and Soviet debt repayments in order to pay their own debts, no money in = no money out

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Grievances - The Fascist movement wanted central government that controlled everything from unions to who can work for who.
Plans - Mussolini plan was to overtake Italy and get land in Africa that it did not get after the War.
Targeting - Mussolini was targeting anyone who spoke out about his government.
Effects - The effects of this led to many Italians having to join the Military and have military propaganda everywhere. Italy during this time did get land in Africa, but lost it during WWII

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Grievances - Hitler was bitter over the end of World War 1. He was upset about the unfair Treaty of Versailles. He joined a political group with the same idealogy before becoming the leader and changing the name to Nazi.
Plans - Nazis were vague about their goals in order to appeal to as many people as possible. Hitler aimed to abolish the "unfair punishment" of the Treaty of Versailles. He promised better pensions and increased employment.
Targeting - Nazi targeted primarily Jews, but they also targeted Gypsies, black people, gay people.
Effects - It led to World War II. It also changed public idology.

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Germany doesn't have money to pay, so they just print more

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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Growing Resentment of the Weimar Republic

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China wants German Colonies in East Asia

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China supported the Allied Powers in the war

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(none of the other Cental Powers exist anymore)

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- France experienced devastation due to being a major front of the war
- Britain wants payback too

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- "Peace without Victory"
- Self-Determination for former Central Powers territories
- 14 Points & League of Nations

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Bolshevik Russia refused to pay their war debts to the Allied Powers  --> Allied Powers refuse to recognize the new Bolshevik government

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Italy switched alliances in 1917 with the promise of new territory if/when the Allied Powers won.

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Grievances?
He was against the exploitative nature of capitalism and the traditional elements of Chinese society.
Plans?
He wanted to capture to state power through armed insurgency, mass mobilization, and strategic alliances. He also also use propaganda and disinformation against State institutions as other components of his insurgency doctrine. He planned to instate a communist government to 'fix' the current state of China. He promised he would improve rural development with his "Great Leap Forward" (which was unsuccessful.)

Targeting?
He targeted capitalists/ anti-communists that opposed his policies. As he planned to instate policies that would benefit the proletariat, the bourgeoisie were often unhappy with his rule, and so Mao worked to eliminate their opposition (through events such as the Cultural Revolution).
Effects?
Because of his progressive policies, he was able to improve transportation, education, and industry. He was also able to modernized China with education, women's rights, sanitation, health care, and distributed lands to peasants.

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Grievances - Grievances held by the Chinese Nationalist Party and Sun Yatsen with China were a desire for full independence and industrialization. The Chinese Nationalist Party was started by Sun Yatsen as a call to action for Chinese nationalists who saw issue with Europe, whom China had previously allied with during World War 1, and its support for Japan.

Plans - Sun Yatsen and the Chinese Nationalist Party initially was devoted to freeing China from foreign domination, especially Europe for the aforementioned reasons, and overthrowing warlords. However, after Sun Yatsen died and his position in leadership of the Chinese Nationalist Party was shifted to Chiang Kaishek, the party's plans became more directly an opposition to the Chinese Communist Party.

Targeting - The Chinese Nationalist Party directly fought against the ideals of the Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao Zedong. As their views directly opposed each other, the new leader of the Nationalist party, Chiang Kaishek, attacked and almost annihilated the Chinese Communist party's forces. This fight initiated the Chinese civil war.

Effects - The Chinese Nationalist Party most notably initiated the Chinese civil war after Chiang Kaishek took the position as head of the party in 1925. Chiang Kaishek forced the Communist party to retreat and took leadership over China. Aside from this, Chiang Kaishek's leadership of the Chinese Nationalist Party also led to an advocation of Confucianism, suppression of free speech, and corruption.