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http://hubpages.com/education/The-Interactional-Approach-To-Sport-Psychology

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https://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/FEAndVocational/SportsStudies/BTEC/Level3BTECNationalSport/Samples/StudentBook/BTECLevel3NationalSportStudentBookUnit17samplepages.pdf

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A sporting example of someone who has this approach is Marcus Rashford. This is because when he first started playing for Manchester United who would be a quiet player and wouldn't communicate with other players as much and be as loud. However when he scores he would be completely different and run off celebrating and interacting with the crowd.

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The psycho dynamic theory is a theory that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, which could consist of unconscious desires and beliefs. Psycho dynamic theories believe that childhood experiences shape personality. Such theories are associated with psychoanalysis, a type of therapy that attempts to reveal unconscious thoughts and desires. A way of which the psycho dynamic theory is tested is by using psycho dynamic psychology, this ignores science and instead focuses on trying to get inside the head of individuals in order to make sense of their relationships, experiences and how they see the world. Sigmund Feud, Carl Jung and Eric Erickson were the people who made psycho dynamic theory.

A sporting example of this would be Neymar, this is because he was involved in a car crash when he was at a young age.(1) A reference to back this up is “But Neymar da Silva Santos Junior, or simply Junior as he is affectionately called by his family, nearly didn’t make it beyond four months old when his dad, Neymar Sr, thought his new born baby had died in a near-fatal car crash.This could have been fatal for him and he could have died however he survived this, however his dad was not so lucky to survive and he died. This could have mentally been the end of his playing career because had lost a huge part of his life, this could of lead to a metal barrier being put up and he could of ended up spiraling into someone who smokes drinks and done drugs, however he was mentally strong enough to be able to get past this with help from family, this allowed him to go from playing futsal to being scouted for Santos then moved to Barcelona and is now one of the bets attacking players in the world. Neymar was also brought up in poor living conditions with no electric and there way 4 of them sleeping on 1 single bed, this further backs up the idea of psycho dynamic theory and how Neymar is a good candidate for this because he has had so many thing in his life and still managed to stay playing futsal and then transferred over to football.

Reference 1 - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2672532/Brazils-new-golden-boy-How-Neymar-survived-near-fatal-car-crash-infant-star-World-Cup.html

Helpful website: http://www.simplypsychology.org/psychodynamic.html

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This view states that we have 3 different levels within our personality. Each of the different levels each relate to each other, rather than relating straight to the overall personality. There are three levels to this view. They consist of role related behavior, typical responses and psychological core. Role related behavior gives us the impression that when the environment changes, the athletes overall personality differentiates. (1)" For example, in the same day you might be captaining your college sports team where you show a lot of leadership behaviors, then working as an employee at your part-time job where you will have to follow a lot of instructions". This quote backs up my previous statement as it states that when in different environments personality will change depending on the situation. This shown through one day being a leader, and the next day following orders. Psychological core would be labeled as the real you. This consists of your values, believes, interests and attitudes. The psychological core is constant and stable. This means that it would not change due to environment or physical changes. (2) "For example, you may always get angry and shout after being intentionally fouled in football because you feel that deliberate fouls are un-sporting behaviour, but you may be quiet and shy when you meet people for the first time because you don’t want to overawe them. These are your typical responses to these situations and are often seen as good indicators of your psychological core." This quote shows the typical responses in a football game. This is shown by the player reacting differently to when they get fouled in a game, as to when they're quiet and shy when they meet someone for the first time.
(1) https://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/FEAndVocational/SportsStudies/BTEC/Level3BTECNationalSport/Samples/StudentBook/BTECLevel3NationalSportStudentBookUnit17samplepages.pdf
(2) https://www.pearsonschoolsandfecolleges.co.uk/FEAndVocational/SportsStudies/BTEC/Level3BTECNationalSport/Samples/StudentBook/BTECLevel3NationalSportStudentBookUnit17samplepages.pdf

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- behavior when going into different environments.
-shapes the way you behave.
- it works by basing relationships between leaders and followers, for example a coach and a player. for example when a team is loosing and the player and the coach reacts in a different way and their behavior changes.

- Dr. Paul Hersey
- late 1960's

- sporting example - Alistair Cook - when participating in the Ashes his behavior will adapt to how big/ important the game is.
^^
England captain Alistair Cook believes he has the personnel to adopt a more aggressive approach in bid to regain The Ashes
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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/theashes/11724783/The-Ashes-2015-Alastair-Cook-will-captain-in-bolder-style-for-series.html

Video - Alistair Cook all worked up
^^
"Talk about it all you want" Aggressive
"We just weren't good enough" Disappointed
^^
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ap5hogAyrBI

Image of Alistair cook looking disappointed when the lost against India

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The trait approach involves enduring characteristics which can predict behavior. Stafford-Brown and Rea (2007) claim that "Personality can be based in genetics, this is called nature approach and we inherit it at birth, a trait is defined as a relatively stable way of behaving." (1) is how Trait theory works, "Trait theory usually relies on hard data, or statistical analysis that much personality theory doesn’t have on its side" the person that created the trait theory was Raymond Cattall, he made this by using a statistical process known as factor analysis, his theory can be explained in a image

This is the Trait theory Diagram by Eynsenck.H.J & Eytenck.M.W. personality and individual differences. Plenum publishing. 1958

Sporting examples:
A sporting example of someone that is phlegmatic would be someone like Puyol, this is because he was a very calm player that would stop people with Type A personality because they are the type pf people that can get frustrated and act immature. This effects his performance as he can do his captain duty's and be calm and keep control of his team. (2) This youtube clip shows puyols personality as it clearly shows after a player attempts to start a fight, he kept his cool and stop this from happening.

A sporting example of choleric would be Joey Barton, this is because he is a player that would be immature during a game game and do things that annoy other players such as using abusive language or taking the mic out of people. This effects his performance as he is a player that get impatient meaning he looses his temper and gets mad easily. Therefore making his performance drop as his decision making will be rash and not the right decision to make.(3)

(1)http://traittheory.com
(2)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwRCkUOSPj4
(3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xK2iW8u6XU

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When a sport psychologist takes consideration in using the interactional approach, the need to ensure that they consider both situational determinants and personality traits that are exhibited. This can affected when two aspects are mixed which can independently alter the behavior of a sports performer.

Interactional approach was first introduced 1973 by Bowers. This was found that the interaction between persons and situations could explain twice as many behaviors as traits or situation alone.