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8. Crédit Mobilier was a construction company set up by several stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad, including Oakes Ames, a member of Congress.

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7.  The Great Northern became the most successful transcontinental railroad and one of the few railroads of the time that was not eventually forced into bankruptcy.

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6. He also identified products that were in demand in China, including cotton, textiles, and flour, and hauled those goods to Washington to ship to Asia.

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5.  Not all railroad men were robber barons. James J. Hill was clearly not. Hill built the Great Northern Railroad from Wisconsin and Minnesota to Washington state without any federal land grants or subsidies.

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4.  To convince Congress to give the railroad more grants, Ames sold other members of Congress shares at a price well below their market value.

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3.  Corruption in the railroad industry became public in 1872 with the Crédit Mobilier scandal.

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2. Jay Gould was perhaps the most notoriously corrupt railroad owner who practiced "insider trading" and manipulated stock prices.

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1.  The great wealth many railroad entrepreneurs acquired in the late 1800s led to accusations that they had built their fortunes by swindling investors and taxpayers, bribing officials, and cheating on their contracts and debts.

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8.  When combined with the new integrated rail systems, operations became so efficient that the average rate per mile for a ton of freight dropped from two cents in 1860 to three-quarters of a cent in 1900.

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7.  New locomotive technology and the invention of air brakes enabled railroads to put longer and heavier trains on their lines.

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6. Transcontinental Railroad was the first of many lines that began crisscrossing the nation after the civil war .

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5. Ath the point where Central Pacific and Union Pacific tracks met they held a ceremony and hammered 5 gold spikes.

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4. Each mile of track required 400 rails, each rail had 10 spikes.

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3. Workers completed the whole Transcontinental Railroad in only 4 years.

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2. Because of a shortage of labor in California, the Central Pacific Railroad hired 10,000 workers from China and payed them $1 a day.

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1. In about 5 years the amount of railroad grew from 35,000 to 200,000 miles of track.