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Coherence Principle

Signaling Principle (Use of no. '1', '2' to indicate houses belonging to specific character)

Redundancy Principle (Animation, narration & text)

Spatial Congruity (captions are placed appropriately)

Temporal Congruity (caption are placed close to the character)

Segmentation
(The first pig...The second pig)

Personalizing (e.g. use of 'our story')

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1) Clear segmentation of scenes
2) Huaman

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1) Clear segmentation of scenes
2)

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Text is near to character' mouth

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Blue arrow appeared at the bottom right of the screen to segment the story into different parts.

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3 reading options were provided

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Signalling principal-
Animation contains blue dot, blue mic, blue arrow to cue users what to do.
Voice principal -
Contains human (child's voice)
Spatial congruency -
Subtitles are congruent with voice-over.

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Text and graphics were presented simultaneously

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+ the spatial congruity is affected because the text is blocking the faces of the characters.
+ the font size can be larger to suit the readers' age (reading ability).
+ the name of the objects should be placed to the corresponding objects. E.g. hay

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Went against the principle but it is good for L2 learners

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No personalizing principle
No signaling principle
Coherence principle is used
TL Sec/JC

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1. Human voice (voice principle)
2. Segmentation - learners can learn according to own pace.
3. Match between text n pics

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Use of human voice
No pre training
Spatial and temporal exist

Tamil sec/JC