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Plessy v. Ferguson, was a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court.

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Dred Scott v. Sandford, also known simply as the Dred Scott case, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on US labor law and constitutional law that held that "a negro.

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Abraham Lincoln was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865

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Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist, humanitarian, and an armed scout and spy for the United States Army during the American Civil War.

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John Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1801–1835).

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James Madison, Jr was a political theorist, American statesman, and the fourth President of the United States (1809–17).

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Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776).

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John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the father of Liberalism.

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In the context of United States history, the name Lord Baltimore usually refers to Cecil Calvert,2nd Baron Baltimore after whom the city of Baltimore, Marylandis named.

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Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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In the United States, payment of a poll tax was a prerequisite to the registration for voting in a number of states.

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The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was created by Congress in March 1865 to assist for one year in the transition from slavery to freedom in the South.

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The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color.

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The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by Southern states, which were forced to ratify it in order for them to regain representation in Congress.

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The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

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The term Reconstruction Era was the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War.

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The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863.

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Abolition refers to the act of putting an end to something by law.

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The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States.

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In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America.

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Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity.

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The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Indian nations in the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

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The Monroe Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy regarding domination of the Americas in 1823.

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The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803.

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In the United States, judicial review is the ability of a court to examine and decide if a statute, treaty or administrative regulation contradicts or violates the provisions of existing law, a State Constitution, or ultimately the United States Constitution.

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The Establishment Clause of the Religion Clause is the first of several pronouncements in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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The Free Exercise Clause is the accompanying clause with the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Written by James Madison in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties.

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Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.

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Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the Constitution.

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The supporters of the proposed Constitution called themselves "Federalists."

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The Connecticut Compromise was an agreement that large and small states reached during theConstitutional Convention that defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.

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The Articles of Confederation, was an agreement among all thirteen original states in the United States of America that served as its first constitution.

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Natural rights are those that are not dependent on the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular culture or government.

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The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states.

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The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain, and founded the United States of America.

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The Sons of Liberty was an organization of American colonists that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies.

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The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War.

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Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government.

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The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe in the 18th century.