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An effort by judges to avoid overturning laws and to leave policymaking up to the other two branches of government

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An effort by judges to make an active role in policy making by overturning laws often

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A written statement by a court explaining the reasons for a decision

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The supreme court's power to overturn any law

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Another name for the court of appeals

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Court's that handle appeals from lower federal district courts

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A court's authority to hear an appeal of a decision by another court

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To bask a higher court to review a decision and determine whether justice was done

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A court's authority to hear a case first

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A guideline for how similar cases should be decided in the future

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A government body that brings a charge against the defendant who is being accused of breaking one of its laws

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The party who answers the complaint and defends it in a court case

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An individual or group of people who bring a complaint against another party in a civil case

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the president's right to keep some info secret from Congress and courts

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formal agreements with other countries

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a team of executive officials appointed by each president

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an important group of policy advisers to the president, made up of the executive department heads and a few other officials

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an organisation of government departments, agencies, and offices

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agreements with other countries that do not need Senate approval

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official representatives to foreign governments

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plans for dealing with national problems

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plans for guiding our nation's relationships with other countries

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an agreement by three fifths of the members of the Senate to end the debate on a bill and allow a vote on it

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the use of long speeches to prevent a vote in the Senate

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principle whereby everyone is to be treated fairly, but not necessarily the same

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steps to counteract the effects of past racial discrimination and discrimination against woman

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the people a member of congress represents

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people who represent interest groups

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a proposed law

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groups of people who work together for similar interests or goals

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the presiding officer of the house of representatives

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a law that convicts a person of a crime without a trial

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an officer who presides over the senate when the vice president is absent

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the chief officers of the majority and minority parties in each house who guide the bills that their party supports through congress

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a way in which the president can veto a bill by pocketing, or keeping and not signing, the bill for ten days, during which Congress ends its session

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the area that a member of the house represents