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1. North Carolina Native Americans

2. Explorers

4.  Colonists

5. The Lost Colony
6. Pirates

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Today's Wonder of the Day was inspired by Rickell. Rickell Wonders, " What is the Trail of Tears? " Thanks for WONDERing with us, Rickell!
The United States has a complicated history with its treatment of American Indians, also referred to as Native Americans. It is a sensitive topic for many people, and today's Wonder of the Day® explores this important issue with respect for the heritage of our indigenous citizens and our country's drive for expansion.
When you think of American Indians, what areas of the country come to mind? For many people, American Indians up images of the American West. For much of history, though, American Indian tribes could be found in many other areas of the U.S.

For example, in the early 1800s, the southeast was home to almost 125,000 American Indians who lived on millions of acres of land in states such as Florida, Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, and Tennessee. These indigenous peoples had lived on and cultivated these lands for many generations .

Unfortunately for these tribes, white settlers were moving into these areas in large numbers, seeking large of land they could use to grow . Viewing the native tribes as , arose and the settlers increasingly tried to push the native tribes out of their lands.

Some government officials sought to "" American Indian tribes to make them more like the Anglo settlers. They taught them to speak and read English. They also encouraged them to to Christianity and European concepts, such as private of land and .

Several American Indian tribes embraced these attempts in an effort to get along with the Anglos. In particular, the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek, and Cherokee tribes became known as the "Five Civilized Tribes."

As more and more settlers moved to the in search of land, the land occupied by the tribes became even more valuable. No matter how "civilized" their American Indian neighbors became, the new settlers showed that they were willing to do anything to get the land they wanted, including driving out the tribes by force.

State governments joined white settlers in attempts to force American Indian tribes out. They passed laws limiting Americans Indians' rights and reducing their territory. Despite Supreme Court decisions in favor of American Indians, they continued their efforts to drive out the tribes.

The federal government got involved in 1830, when President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act. The act allowed the federal government to take American Indian lands east of the Mississippi River in exchange for land west of the Mississippi River in the "Indian colonization zone" in what is now Oklahoma.

Although the act stated that the federal government must negotiate removal treaties voluntarily, peacefully, and , things did not work out that way in . Instead, the federal government systematically forced American Indian tribes to give up their lands and move, often under threat of invasion by the U.S. Army.

Over the course of the next decade, tribes were forced to abandon their lands and march a thousand miles or more - on foot - to new lands west of the Mississippi. Without food, supplies, or any other type of help for the government, the march west was brutal and many did not survive it.

As one Choctaw leader said, the route from their home lands to what is now Oklahoma was a "trail of tears and death." In addition to the hardship of traveling so far on foot, starvation was common, as were deaths from diseases such as whooping cough, dysentery, cholera, and typhus.

By 1840, there were very few American Indians left in the southeastern U.S. Over 100,000 American Indians had been forced to relocate to "Indian Territory" west of the Mississippi River in what is now Oklahoma. Historians estimate that more than 15,000 American Indians died on the Trail of Tears.

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Today's Wonder of the Day was inspired by Rickell. Rickell Wonders, " What is the Trail of Tears? " Thanks for WONDERing with us, Rickell! The United States has a complicated history with its treatment of American Indians, also referred to as Native Americans.

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The Boston News-Letter reports on the Tuscarora War, 1713 | NCpedia

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By Letters from Nehorookah Fort on Cakenneh Creek of March the 23rd Last, we are informed that Col.

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About this Item

About this Item

Title

A map of the West-Indies or the islands of America in the North Sea; with ye adjacent countries; explaning [sic] what belongs to Spain, England, France, Holland &c. also ye trade winds, and ye several tracts made by ye galeons and flota from place to place. According to ye newest and most exact observations,

Contributor Names

Moll, Herman, -1732.

Created / Published

[London] Printed for Tho. Bowles in St. Pauls Church Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill [1715?]

Subject Headings

- Caribbean Area--Maps--Early works to 1800

- West Indies--Maps--Early works to 1800

- Spanish Main--Maps--Early works to 1800

- Treasure troves--Caribbean Area--Maps--Early works to 1800

- Treasure troves--West Indies--Maps--Early works to 1800

- Treasure troves--Spanish Main--Maps--Early works to 1800

- Caribbean Area

- West Indies

- Spanish Main

Notes

- Scale ca. 1:4,300,000.

- Hand colored.

- Relief shown pictorially.

- "Sold by H. Moll and by I. King at ye Globe in ye Poultrey near Stocks Market."

- "To Wil. Paterson esq; this map of the West-Indies &c. is most humbly dedicated ... "

- Shows southern United States, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and northern South America.

- Insets: The city of Mexico in New Spain.--A draught of ye citty of Cartagena, its harbour & forts.--[Porta Bella] --A draught of the bay & citty of Havanna.--A draught of St. Augustin and its harbour.

- Includes historical notes.

- Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image.

- Vault

- AACR2

Medium

col. map 59 x 102 cm.

Call Number/Physical Location

G4390 1715 .M6

Repository

Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C. 20540-4650 USA dcu

Digital Id

http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g4390.ct002323

Library of Congress Control Number

gm71004474

Online Format

image

Description

Scale ca. 1:4,300,000. Hand colored. Relief shown pictorially. "Sold by H. Moll and by I. King at ye Globe in ye Poultrey near Stocks Market." "To Wil. Paterson esq; this map of the West-Indies &c. is most humbly dedicated ... " Shows southern United States, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and northern South America. Insets: The city of Mexico in New Spain.--A draught of ye citty of Cartagena, its harbour & forts.--[Porta Bella] --A draught of the bay & citty of Havanna.--A draught of St. Augustin and its harbour. Includes historical notes. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Vault AACR2

LCCN Permalink

https://lccn.loc.gov/gm71004474

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The maps in the Map Collections materials were either published prior to 1922, produced by the United States government, or both (see catalogue records that accompany each map for information regarding date of publication and source). The Library of Congress is providing access to these materials for educational and research purposes and is not aware of any U.S. copyright protection (see Title 17 of the United States Code) or any other restrictions in the Map Collection materials.

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Credit Line: Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Moll, Herman, -1732. A map of the West-Indies or the islands of America in the North Sea; with ye adjacent countries; explaning sic what belongs to Spain, England, France, Holland &c. also ye trade winds, and ye several tracts made by ye galeons and flota from place to place. According to ye newest and most exact observations. [London Printed for Tho. Bowles in St. Pauls Church Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill ?, 1715] Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/gm71004474/.

APA citation style:

Moll, H. (1715) A map of the West-Indies or the islands of America in the North Sea; with ye adjacent countries; explaning sic what belongs to Spain, England, France, Holland &c. also ye trade winds, and ye several tracts made by ye galeons and flota from place to place. According to ye newest and most exact observations. [London Printed for Tho. Bowles in St. Pauls Church Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill ?] [Map] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/gm71004474/.

MLA citation style:

Moll, Herman, -1732. A map of the West-Indies or the islands of America in the North Sea; with ye adjacent countries; explaning sic what belongs to Spain, England, France, Holland &c. also ye trade winds, and ye several tracts made by ye galeons and flota from place to place. According to ye newest and most exact observations. [London Printed for Tho. Bowles in St. Pauls Church Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill ?, 1715] Map. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/gm71004474/>.

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A map of the West-Indies or the islands of America in the North Sea; with ye adjacent countries; explaning [sic] what belongs to Spain, England, France, Holland &c. also ye trade winds, and ye several tracts made by ye galeons and flota from place to place. According to ye newest and most exact observations,

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Scale ca. 1:4,300,000. Hand colored. Relief shown pictorially. "Sold by H. Moll and by I. King at ye Globe in ye Poultrey near Stocks Market." "To Wil. Paterson esq; this map of the West-Indies &c. is most humbly dedicated ... " Shows southern United States, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and northern South America.

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Experts believe the first Americans came from Asia. Thousands of years ago, what is now Siberia in Russia was connected to what is now Alaska in the U.S. by a land bridge. This area across the Bering Sea was called Beringia.

People were able to cross Beringia into what is now Alaska. Over thousands of years, many different and distinct tribes and groups crossed over into this new and began to spread across all of what is now North America. Many of these tribes still exist today.

These early Americans lived mainly off the land, relying upon hunting and gathering of wild plants and animals. They occupied land for use by the entire . This is very different from the European colonists' concept of ownership or individual rights.

After the arrival of European colonists, Americans suffered many deaths due to diseases brought from overseas. There was also increasing conflict with the colonists who wanted to "" them and teach them unfamiliar farming methods.

Today, there are approximately two million Americans living in the U.S. and about one million in Canada (where they're called "First Nations" instead of Americans). These nearly three million Americans in the U.S. and Canada speak over 150 different American languages.

These diverse tribal cultures celebrate their unique identities and contributions in many ways. Through independent newspapers, schools, tribal councils, colleges, museums, arts and crafts programs, and language preservation, the modern descendants of these many tribes continue to survive and in the modern society they helped to build.

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What Does It Mean To Be a Native American?

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Experts believe the first Americans came from Asia. Thousands of years ago, what is now Siberia in Russia was connected to what is now Alaska in the U.S. by a land bridge. This area across the Bering Sea was called Beringia. People were able to cross Beringia into what is now Alaska.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Slave Life on the Farm and in the Town [ushistory.org]

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The Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, now New York, received its first large shipment of slaves directly from Africa in 1655.

Africans were the immigrants to the British New World that had no choice in their destinations or destinies. The first African Americans that arrived in Jamestown in 1619 on a Dutch trading ship were not slaves, nor were they free. They served time as indentured servants until their obligations were complete. Although these lucky individuals lived out the remainder of their lives as free men, the passing decades would make this a rarity. Despite the complete lack of a slave tradition in mother England, slavery gradually replaced indentured servitude as the chief means for plantation labor in the Old South.

Virginia would become the first British colony to legally establish slavery in 1661. Maryland and the Carolinas were soon to follow. The only Southern colony to resist the onset of slavery was Georgia, created as an Enlightened experiment. Seventeen years after its formation, Georgia too succumbed to the pressures of its own citizens and repealed the ban on African slavery. Laws soon passed in these areas that condemned all children of African slaves to lifetimes in chains.

The first African Americans in the New World arrived at Jamestown on a Dutch ship in 1619.

No northern or middle colony was without its slaves. From Puritan Massachusetts to Quaker Pennsylvania, Africans lived in bondage. Economics and geography did not promote the need for slave importation like the plantation South. Consequently, the slave population remained small compared to their southern neighbors. While laws throughout the region recognized the existence of slavery, it was far less systematized. Slaves were more frequently granted their freedom, and opposition to the institution was more common, especially in Pennsylvania.

As British colonists became convinced that Africans best served their demand for labor, importation increased. By the turn of the eighteenth century African slaves numbered in the tens of thousands in the British colonies. Before the first shots are fired at Lexington and Concord, they totaled in the hundreds of thousands. The cries for liberty by the colonial leaders that were to follow turned out to be merely white cries.

Excerpts from Slave Narratives
Slaves and those associated with slave-trading have left unforgettably first-hand accounts of their lives. The page is broken into the following sections: Enslavement, the Middle Passage, Arrival, Conditions of Life, Childhood, Family, Religion, and Punishment.

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The Terrible Transformation
450 years of slavery are examined in minute detail. The Growth of Slavery is best understood by examining the following topics: "Europeans Come to Western Africa," "New World Exploration and English Ambition," "From Indentured Servitude to Racial Slavery," "The African Slave Trade," "the Middle Passage," and "The Growth of Slavery in North America." Be sure to explore all the links - they're very valuable.

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The Atlantic Slave Trade lasted four centuries and resulted in enslavement and death for millions of Africans. Read a transcript or listen to guest expert Professor Ira Berlin weigh in on the controversial subject.
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This picture, Industry and Idleness, shows 2 apprentices starting in identical circumstances, one is the industrious Francis Goodchild and the other is the unsuccessful Thomas Idlefrom.

The growth of tobacco, rice, and indigo and the plantation economy created a tremendous need for labor in Southern English America. Without the aid of modern machinery, human sweat and blood was necessary for the planting, cultivation, and harvesting of these cash crops. While slaves existed in the English colonies throughout the 1600s, indentured servitude was the method of choice employed by many planters before the 1680s. This system provided incentives for both the master and servant to increase the working population of the Chesapeake colonies.

Virginia and Maryland operated under what was known as the "headright system." The leaders of each colony knew that labor was essential for economic survival, so they provided incentives for planters to import workers. For each laborer brought across the Atlantic, the master was rewarded with 50 acres of land. This system was used by wealthy plantation aristocrats to increase their land holdings dramatically. In addition, of course, they received the services of the workers for the duration of the indenture.

This system seemed to benefit the servant as well. Each indentured servant would have their fare across the Atlantic paid in full by their master. A contract was written that stipulated the length of service - typically five years. The servant would be supplied room and board while working in the master's fields. Upon completion of the contract, the servant would receive "freedom dues," a pre-arranged termination bonus. This might include land, money, a gun, clothes or food. On the surface it seemed like a terrific way for the luckless English poor to make their way to prosperity in a new land. Beneath the surface, this was not often the case.

Only about 40 percent of indentured servants lived to complete the terms of their contracts. Female servants were often the subject of harassment from their masters. A woman who became pregnant while a servant often had years tacked on to the end of her service time. Early in the century, some servants were able to gain their own land as free men. But by 1660, much of the best land was claimed by the large land owners. The former servants were pushed westward, where the mountainous land was less arable and the threat from Indians constant. A class of angry, impoverished pioneer farmers began to emerge as the 1600s grew old. After Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, planters began to prefer permanent African slavery to the headright system that had previously enabled them to prosper.

The misery reaches the climax when a gale rages for 2 or 3 nights and days, so that every one believes that the ship will go to the bottom with all human beings on board. In such a visitation the people cry and pray most piteously. -Gottlieb Mittelberger, On the Misfortune of Indentured Servants, 1754
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This picture, Industry and Idleness, shows 2 apprentices starting in identical circumstances, one is the industrious Francis Goodchild and the other is the unsuccessful Thomas Idlefrom. The growth of tobacco, rice, and indigo and the plantation economy created a tremendous need for labor in Southern English America.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Letter (c. 1710) from a immigrant to North Carolina to his family and friends in Germany, telling about his life and experiences in Carolina and giving advice to others who might follow him. Includes historical commentary.
God greet you most beloved souls, father, mother, related friends, and neighbors, always with our thousandfold greetings and obedient service. I wish you at this time to learn of my health, and to know that I must make my writing as short as I can compose it. I hope that you have the letters that I wrote from Holland and England Immigrants from Switzerland and western Germany traveled up the Rhine River to the port of Rotterdam, in Holland. From Rotterdam, some traveled directly to America, while others went first to England.. The most essential contents are that we came the 10th of June to New Castle in England, but the 6th I became a very sad widower.

In New Castle we lay five weeks. The 17th of July went aboard the ship and lay eight days at anchor. After that we sailed, under the all-powerful protection of God, safely to land in Virginia. Also did not lose a person. A young son was born on the sea. His father's name is Benedict Kupferschmied. He worked a year for our dear brother, Christian Bürki. After that we went about a hundred hours by water and land, yet always guided and fed, and the people everywhere have done us much kindness and there is in this country no innkeeper. All go from one place to another for nothing and consider it an insult if one should wish to ask the price.

German-speaking people from both Switzerland and the Palatinate settled in New Bern. The Palatinate had been repeatedly overrun by French armies in the 1600s, and thousands of Palatines came to America in search of both religious freedom and economic opportunity.
Brought here hale and hearty, the shoemaker Moritz did not die till he was on his farm. He was well on the whole journey. No one else of us Siebentaler The Siebentaler (or Siebentäler, or Siebentälerstadt) is a region of the Black Forest in southwestern Germany, just south of the Palatinate. It would seem that Janzen came from this region. people has died, but of the others though, three Palatines. Of the people among whom we live, however, a good many have died.

Regarding the land in general. It is almost wholly forest, with indescribably beautiful cedar wood, poplars, oaks, beech, walnut and chestnut trees. But the walnuts are very hard and full of indentations and the chestnuts very small but good. There is sassafras also, and so many other fragrant trees that I cannot describe the hundredth part. Cedar is red like the most beautiful veined cherry and smells better than the finest juniper. They are, commonly, as well as the other trees, fifty to sixty feet below the limbs.

The land in general is almost everywhere black dirt and rich soil, and everyone can get as much as he will. There are five free years. After that one is to give for an acre, which is much greater than a Juchart A unit of area, traditionally used in Germany and Switzerland, equal to 3600 square meters (about 0.89 acres). with us, two pennies. Otherwise it is entirely free, one's own to use and to leave to his heirs as he wishes. But this place has been entirely uninhabited, for we have not seen any signs nor heard that anything else ever was here except the so-called wild and naked Indians. But they are not wild, for they come to us often and like to get clothes of us. You can see here that the Indians of North Carolina's coastal plain were already changing their culture and practices through contact with Europeans. Not only were they wearing European clothes, but Janzen says that they sometimes paid for clothes with bacon -- presumably from pigs, which did not exist in America until Europeans arrived. This is done when they pay with wild meat and leather, bacon, beans, corn, which the women plant and the men hunt; and when they, as most frequently happens, guide the Christians through the forest and show new ways. They have huts of cedar bark. Some also can speak English well. They have an idol and hold festivals at certain times. But I am sorry to say, of the true God they do not want to know anything.

With regard to the rearing of cattle. It costs almost nothing for the raising, as the booklet printed at Frankfort Books and pamphlets were printed not only in England but in Germany to advertise Britain's North American colonies to potential settlers. Pennsylania was the most aggressive in advertising itself to Germans. says, for all stock pastures in the winter as well as in the summer. And I know of nothing to find fault with in the booklet mentioned regarding these two items, although it writes of South Carolina.

They butcher also no young animals, so one can conclude how quickly the number can increase. The cows give scarcely half so much as with you for the calves suck so long; until they are a year and a half old and in turn have young. We buy a cow with a calf for three pounds sterling or twelve thalers, a hog for one pound, with young or fat; a sheep also for as much. They have but few goats, but I have seen some. Squire Michel told me they wished to bring some here to us. Wild and unplanted tree-fruits are not to be found here so good as Kocherthal Joshua Kocherthal, a Lutheran pastor from Germany, published a pamphlet in 1706 encouraging Germans to settle in South Carolina. writes of South Carolina. I have seen no cherries yet. There are many grape-vines and many grapes on them, of which some are good to eat; and it can well be believed, if one had many together (they would do well). We are going to try to plant them for everything grows up very quickly and all fruit is of very good taste, but we do not enjoy them much yet.

We lie along a stream called Neuse. There six years ago the first (people), English, until two years ago (when) the Swiss people (came), began the cultivation. They are, as it seems to me, rather rich in cattle, all sorts of crops, the finest tree-fruit, and that, the whole year (except for) two months. From the nature of things we were behind in that regard, so that we do not have it yet; but we hope, through God's blessings to get it. We came shortly before Christmas and we have by God's blessing, Zioria, my son-in-law Peter Reutiger, and I, and others besides, much stronger houses than the English; have also cleared land in addition, and the most have put fences around. It is to be hoped that now from the ground and the cattle we will get enough, through the grace of God who has always stretched out his hand helpfully and has brought us safely and unhindered through so many enemies, spiritual and worldly, and over the great sea. But one thing lies heavy on us which I cannot write without weeping, namely the lack of a true and zealous pastor. For we have indeed cause to complain with Asaph Asaph was the author of several of the Psalms, and Janzen may be referring to him or to the themes of his psalms, which included communal lamentation or sorrow. But Janzen may also be referring to another person of that name., our sign we see no more, no prophet preaches to us any more, no teacher teaches us any more. We have, indeed, prayers in our houses every Sunday, but the zeal to cleanse away the canker of our old sins is so small that it is to be feared it will consume everything to the foundation, if the pitying God does not come to our help.

If it had pleased the good God to send some of our brethren and sisters or at least Christian Bürki as an instrument, as a physician of body and soul, I should have had good hopes that the light among us would not become an evil smelling lamp, for I do not believe there is a person here, either English, German, or French who would not have loved him heartily; I believe that his profession is especially good here and that he could have an estate according to his wish without doing work in the fields. For of good liquor and such medicine there is the greatest lack in this country, therefore I have a friendly request to make of you, dear brother; namely, as follows. I have married Christina Christeler, a widow of Sannen. I am her third husband. By the first she has four children. Two died in London. Her husband and one child upon the sea. But the eldest, a boy of thirteen, named Benedict Plösch, is at Mörigen in the baliwick Nidauw Mörigen is a city in the district of Nidau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. A bailiwick was a legal district under the authority of a bailiff, a particular kind of appointed official., staying with his deceased father's clientage Clientage here refers to people (clients) who were dependent on someone, in the way that feudal vassals were dependent on their lords. (See "Land and Work in Colonial Carolina."). And he was alive four years ago. Her father was named Peter Christeler. Christen Walcker, who, with his wife died here in this country and left eight children, said to her that she has a rather large inheritance from her late father, left with her brother Moritz Christeler, for he has received a hundred pounds of it. When you go to Sannen to ask about it, I hope Heinrich Perret will be able to help you; for they have been nearest neighbors. And if it is as Walcker says you can take it into your hands.

Because my wife understands brewing so well and has done it for years, and the drink is very scarce here and neither money nor brewing pots are to be obtained here, otherwise I would not think of such a thing for you to do. But the pot must have two pipes but no worm Janzen is describing a brewpot for brewing beer. The worm is something that turns or twists, either a clamp or a coil.; and if some reliable people should not be coming, would Mr. Ritter still be so good as to get it to me here; also four pounds worth of spice, such as ginger, pepper, safron, nutmegs, galangale, cloves, each according to the proportion of the money? For here there is nothing but laurel The laurel tree is the source of bay leaves.. I have seen it on trees in the forest. But if there should be nothing to be got from the inheritance, I would most kindly beg you and my father, if he is still alive, to still help me somewhat from my own, for it is very important to me and especially to the women folks, who are very scarce here.

If only more people should wish to come, I advise that they take women with them if they want to have any, for here some of the very best men find no wives, because they are not here.

The journey is easily to be made if one can supply himself properly with old cheese, dried meat, and dried fruit, vinegar, wine, beer, and casks, butter, biscuits, in fine whatever is good to eat and feasible to transport, also a pan or kettle that is narrow at the top and broad below; for when the sea is violent the ship lies over on one side so that things are spilt. Yet I have never heard that a ship has sunk upon the high sea.

Whoever could provide himself with the things named above and should make an agreement with the ship captain that he give him liberty to cook and a good place to lie the voyage would not be hard. For we had young and old people, all are hale and hearty. Whatever one brings here in the way of wares is worth at least as much again. Linen cloth and glass would be especially needed, and is to be purchased very well in Holland.

Peter Röhtiger and my two daughters greet you, for we live beside each other. Dichtli is still with me, and I am delivering the greeting of us all to our dear and faithful pastor, to the whole number of honored persons, especially Godfather Kilchmeyer Dreuthart, and Andreas Aescher, Christen Jantz.

I would have much to write. I must break off. Have patience with my bad writing, for whoever sees my hand and labor will believe that I have not written and studied much. Greet for us Christien Bürki and I should be glad if he could hear the contents of this letter.

I remain your well affectioned servant, and my parents' obedient son until death.

Greet for us Anna Drus, item Speismann's people, and your sister and relatives, also my father's sister, and first of all the school-master.

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Letter (c. 1710) from a immigrant to North Carolina to his family and friends in Germany, telling about his life and experiences in Carolina and giving advice to others who might follow him. Includes historical commentary. God greet you most beloved souls, father, mother, related friends, and neighbors, always with our thousandfold greetings and obedient service.

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William Hilton explores the Cape Fear River

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William Hilton explores the Cape Fear River

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Those young Women were so ready to come into our Boat; that one of them crowded in, and would hardly be persuaded to go out again. We presented the King with a Hatchet and several Beads, and made Presents of Beads also to the young Women, the chief Men, and the rest of the Indians, as far as our Beads would go.

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George Monck, Duke of Albemarle | NCpedia

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Albemarle was a general during the English Civil War and gained fame for leading a campaign in Ireland and for defeating the Dutch at sea. Although Monck supported Parliament and Oliver Cromwell, after Cromwell's death he used the army to force Parliament to dissolve and call for new elections.

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The east coast of North Carolina is drawn along the bottom edge of the map. The map extends south as far as Cape Fear and north as far as what appears to be the Virginia border. The western part of the map (on the top edge) is marked as Tuscarora Indian territory.

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Two Worlds: Prehistory, contact, and the Lost Colony (to 1600)

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Kids learn about the Trail of Tears including when it took place, relocation of Native American tribes, the forced march of the Cherokee, the aftermath, and interesting facts.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Colonial America for Kids: Lost Colony of Roanoke

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Kids learn about the history of the Lost Colony of Roanoke during colonial America including the first settlers, the second colony, where it was located, interesting facts, and why it dissappeared.

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It sounds like the plot of the latest science fiction movie or television show. A group of people set out to explore a new land. They arrive on an island and establish a new settlement. Their leader travels back for supplies and returns a few years later only to find the people he left behind have vanished without a !

Does this occur in the future on a planet like Mars? Nope! It happened hundreds of years ago in America. This is the basic story of the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island, and it remains one of the great mysteries of American history.

After two previous expeditions to Roanoke, an island off the coast of what is now North Carolina, a group of 117 men, women, and children from England arrived in 1587 to establish a colony in the New World. They found the settlement abandoned and quickly began to rebuild it. They also began to rebuild relations with the Powhatan tribe of Native Americans on nearby Croatoan Island.

The settlers were led by Governor John White, who had been a member of one of the previous expeditions to Roanoke. Although they tried hard to out a new life on Roanoke, relations with other Native American tribes were strained, and the colonists remained upon supplies from their native England.

In August 1587, Governor White returned to England to gather additional supplies. Although he hoped to return soon, his ship was enlisted to help fight the powerful Spanish Armada at the request of Queen Elizabeth I. In August 1590 - three years after he had left Roanoke - White returned to find no of the colony's houses or its inhabitants.

Amongst the missing colonists were White's wife, daughter, and granddaughter, named Virginia Dare (the first English child born in the Americas). White was mystified. What had happened to the settlement and the colonists? Only one clue was left: the word "Croatoan" carved into a wooden post.

Other than this clue, no remained of what had happened at Roanoke. White found no of bones or carved Maltese crosses, which would've indicated that they had been attacked and killed.

The settlers, over time, became known as the Lost Colony, because they were never heard from again. Over the years, historians have developed several theories about what might have happened to the Lost Colony.

Some historians believe the carved word "Croatoan" indicates that the colonists willingly moved to Croatoan Island to join the Powhatans for protection and supplies. Unfortunately, no serious searches for the Lost Colony occurred until after Jamestown was settled in 1607.

Others believe the colonists met a violent at the hands of Native American tribes or even the Spanish who may have traveled north from Florida to attack the colony. Still others believe they may have fallen victim to diseases in the New World. Some have even suggested that the colonists tried to sail back to England on their own and got lost at sea.

Governor White's letters reveal that he believed the colonists simply picked up and moved 50 miles or more into the North Carolina forests. Some historians believe this is possible, although there is no of what ever became of them.

Early Jamestown settlers who searched for the Lost Colony reported speaking with Native Americans who knew of tribes who could read English and dressed like Europeans. There were also reports of settlements to the south with houses similar to those at Roanoke.

These reports led many to believe that the Roanoke colonists simply joined friendly Native American tribes. Over subsequent generations and marriages between colonists and Native Americans, a new tribe - the Lumbee tribe native to North Carolina - may have been formed.

Although theories about the Lost Colony abound, there is little hard to support any particular . That's why the Lost Colony remains one of the great unsolved mysteries of American history.

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It sounds like the plot of the latest science fiction movie or television show. A group of people set out to explore a new land. They arrive on an island and establish a new settlement. Their leader travels back for supplies and returns a few years later only to find the people he left behind have vanished without a !

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Log on to Discovery Ed to view.

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Use your existing Discovery Education username and password.

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unceduc415 / n) Recipes from Colonial America

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Colonial America for Kids: The Thirteen Colonies

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Kids learn about the history of the thirteen British American Colonies that formed the United States including when they were each founded, the colonial regions, and fun facts.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Here are some facts about Blackbeard, the famous pirate who preyed upon ships in the Caribbean and off the coast of Mexico and the east coast of North America.

Blackbeard's real name was Edward Teach (sometimes recorded as Edward Thatch). He was born in England (probably Bristol) in about 1680.

He was able to read and write, so many historians have come to the conclusion that he was from a wealthy family.

He joined the crew of Captain Benjamin Hornigold, an English pirate in 1716. Hornigold gave him command of a captured ship, and when Hornigold retired from a life of piracy, Teach started out on his own.

In 1717, Edward Teach and is crew attacked and captured the French merchant ship called La Concorde. Teach converted the ship to a pirate vessel, adding 40 guns and renaming her Queen Anne's Revenge.

In late 1717, the first mention is made of Edward Teach as Blackbeard.

Blackbeard was tall, broad-shouldered and wore long boots, a wide-brimmed hat, and slings full of pistols slung across his body. He had long dark hair and a long dark beard. When in battle he would attach lit fuses to his hair. these would slowly burn, creating sparks and smoke, making Blackbeard look ferocious.

Blackbeard understood how important his appearance and image were. If he could scare his opponents into giving up their cargo, he wouldn't have to go to the trouble of actually fighting them.

In 1718, Blackbeard accepted a pardon from Charles Eden, the Governor of North Carolina. For a while, Blackbeard lived as an honest citizen, but it wasn't long before he returned to piracy, This time he was backed by the Governor, who took a cut of the profits in return for protection.

Blackbeard was on good terms with a number of other famous pirates. He frequently worked with Stede Bonnet, and he knew Robert Deal, Charles Vane and Calico Jack. Blackbeard's first mate, Israel Hands, appears as a character in Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson.

Blackbeard was killed in battle on 22nd November 1718 by troops under the command of Lieutenant Robert Maynard. Apparently, he had been shot five times and slashed about twenty times before he had finally stopped fighting.

Blackbeard's severed head was attached to the bowsprit of Maynard's ship.

Blackbeard has been portrayed in many films over the years, including: Blackbeard's Ghost and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides.

Many treasure hunters have spent time searching for Blackbeard's hidden gold. However, most historians think it is unlikely that he ever buried any of his treasure.

Legend states that Blackbeard's headless body swam around one of Lieutenant Robert Maynard's ships three times after it was cast into the water.

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Blackbeard: Facts About Edward Teach - Primary Facts

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Here are some facts about Blackbeard, the famous pirate who preyed upon ships in the Caribbean and off the coast of Mexico and the east coast of North America. Blackbeard's real name was Edward Teach (sometimes recorded as Edward Thatch). He was born in England (probably Bristol) in about 1680.