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As the theme of deception through mistaken identity runs a constant theme throughout the play, it is particularly highlighted in Shakespeare's presentation of Olivia, who is hopelessly infatuated with Cesario, who is, in fact, a female. The ironic command earlier made by Orsino to "Leap all civil bounds" is acted upon by Olivia, who is mistakenly pursuing a lover strictly forbidden by society's rigid standards, which would heavily contrast with her chaste facade, creating a rather comedic scene full of dramatic irony as she responds to Viola's pity, stating, "That's a degree to love.", the with antilabe reflecting upon her eagerness to pursue her lover, once again contrasting the standards of a society that believed the act of wooing a lover to be the duty of the male. Olivia's attempts at being the male counterpart in a messy relation full of discord adds to the element of comedy in Twelfth Night, a celebration of chaos. Olivia's statement,"Your wife is like to reap a proper man" particularly highlights this effect as the audience is fully aware of Viola's true identity. After Viola's failed endeavor at implicitly conveying her true identity, Olivia states,"I would you were as I would have you be", emphasising on the hopelessness of her situation, the effect of which is amplified as Olivia breaks into her famous soliloquy on unrequited love.

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[Act 3] - Mistaken Identity
Feste had no idea of Viola-Cesario’s identity however he unintentionally pointed out. “Now Jove, in his next commodity of hair, send thee a beard!”
“By my troth, I’ll tell thee, I am almost sick for one - [Aside] though I would not have it grow on my chin. Is thy lady within?”
This was a dramatic irony as the audience knew that Viola obviously as a female, she wouldn’t grow a beard.
Again he brings out the idea of Viola-Cesario’s hidden identity. “ Who you are, and what you would are pit of my welkin...”
Furthermore, Feste’s role arises once more as he reveals the emotions and their current position of the characters. Feste being the fool demonstrates that he is no longer the fool as he presents his words in a witty manner.

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Act 3
Malvolio meets up with Olivia and acts strangely as he is convinced that she had wrote the letter which was actually written by Maria.
Malvolio begins to act strange and obsessive
I'm act 3 scene 4, he quotes some of the sentences from the letter written by Maria to Olivia.
Malvolio: 'Be not afraid of greatness' : 'twas well writ......'if not, let me see thee a servant still.'
In response to Malvolio, Olivia is astonished by his strange behaviour.
Olivia: 'Why, this is very midsummer madness.'

After his conversation with Olivia in act 3 scene 4, Malvolio is left alone. In his soliloquy he speaks to himself and reveals his innermost thoughts and feelings where he congratulates himself and rehearses imaginary conversations he would want to have with Olivia.
From line 58 to 73.
Malvolio: 'O ho, do you come near me now?......Well, Jove, not I, is the doer of this and he is to be thanked!

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1. Mistaken identity on sir andrew; - act 3 scene 4, sir toby and fabian gives a very deceptive image of sir andrew while setting the scene for the duel

2. Act 3 scene 1 line 126: ‘i am not what i am’, this is the mistaken identity on

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Antonio ends up searching for Sebastian when the latter had wandered off with his purse. By chance, he happens upon Viola-Cesario, who was engaged in a duel with Sir Andrew, but Antonio, mistaking Viola-Cesario for his good friend Sebastian, draws his sword to defend Viola-Cesario.
"Put up your sword! If this young gentleman/ Have done offence, I take the fault on me;/ If you offend him, I for him defy you."
[Act 3 Scene 4 Line:264-266]
The theme of mistaken identity is brought forth in this scene and we can clearly see it through the confrontation between Antonio and Viola-Cesario. Due to the similarity in appearance and clothing between Sebastian and Viola-Cesario, Antonio is determined that it was Sebastian whom he was conversing with and not another person. Despite Viola-Cesario's denial of knowledge of Antonio's purse (for she has never met him), Antonio is adamant that Viola-Cesario is actually Sebastian and refuses to believe that Viola-Cesario is somebody else. He does not think that he may have been mistaken for the similarity in appearance between the two characters is uncanny.
Since Viola-Cesario does not know anything about a purse and is mistaken to be Sebastian, Antonio accuses her/him as being ungrateful and this does not settle well with Viola-Cesario.
"I hate ingratitude more in a man/ Than lying, vainnes, babbling drunkenness,/ Or any taint of vice whose strong corruption/ Inhabits our frail blood."
[Act 3 Scene 4 Line:305-308]
Antonio had put Sebastian on a pedestal because his devotion towards him was on the extreme scale. Due to that, Viola-Cesario-Sebastian's supposed betrayal had struck painfully on Antonio's mind and one of the officers perceive Antonio as mad.
"The man grows mad." (With betrayal)
[Act 3 Scene 4 Line:332]
"And to his image, which methought did promise/Most venerable worth, did I devotion."
[Act 3 Scene 4 Line:310-314]
Antonio ends up getting arrested by Duke Orsino's men and is unable to pay for his release as his money is with the real Sebastian. Antonio feels betrayed by his close friend and assumes Viola-Cesario-Sebastian has ruined his appearance with his attitude.
"But O how vile an idol proves this god! / Thou hast, Sebastian, done good feature shame."
[Act 3 Scene 4 Line:316-321]

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1. Appearance

Sir Toby and Fabian depict Sir Andrew Aguecheek as a man who is brave and fearless when they propose a duel with Viola-Cesario.

Sir Toby and Fabian depict Viola-Cesario as a man who is brave and fearsome when conveying Viola-Cesario’s response regarding the duello to Sir Andrew.

Quotes:
Act 3 Scene 4:
"Bloody as a hunter”
"Thy assailant is quick, skillful and deadly”.
"devil in a private brawl”
"Souls and bodies hath he divorced three”

"His incesement at this moment is so implacable that satisfaction can be done but by the pangs of death and sepulcher”.

“He’s a very devil.”
“Firago”.
“He has been fencer to the sophy”.

2.  Reality

Sir Andrew Aguecheek is depicted in a manner very unlike his true nature which is not at all brave and courageous. Sir Andrew is a coward.

Viola-Cesario is not one who is violent, and does not want to fight. He is not as fearsome as he is depicted to be.

Quotes:
Act 3 Scene 4:
“Pox on’t. I’ll not meddle with him”.
“Let him the matter slip, and I’ll give him my horse, Grey Capilet”.

“I do assure you, ‘it’s against my will”.
“Pray God defend me!”

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Viola's description by Duke Orsino 'Diana's lips...maiden's organ...semblative a woman's part'➡ a very feminine description on Viola which she in fact is a girl but Orsino meant this description for a boy! Hence, her disguise as a boy succeeded in fooling Duke Orsino to believe that she is a male, but her appearance still makes him subconsciously describing her as a female, whom she really is.

2. pg 27 line 153: "I swear, I am not that I play", Olivia could take it literally and see through Viola's disguise.
Viola appeared to be a male messenger to Olivia but in reality 'he' is a 'she'.😲
3. 'I am a gentleman.' Here Viola describes herself as a 'gentleman👨' which in her disguise she appears o be a male but in actual fact she is a female.

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[ACT 1]
Orsino is shown to be attracted to Olivia's appearance rather than her personality/character. He mistook this attraction as love and this infatuation is caused by his passion or "love" for the idea of love and not Olivia herself. This can be also proven by the fact that Orsino himself never goes to woe Olivia but sends his servants to do so on his behalf!
"O when mine eyes did see Olivia first, / Methought she purged the air of pestilence;"
[Scene 1 Line 19-20]

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Appearance: He seems to be a polite and respectful servant towards Olivia.
For example: When he spoke to Maria in front  of Olivia 'Gentlewoman, my lady calls'

Reality: He is rude towards the other servants and Viola. He tries to put the others down and make himself seem more superior.
As Viola told Olivia ' The rudeness that hath appeared in me I learned from my entertainment'
Malvolio towards Feste:
'Yes and shall do, till the pangs of death shake him; infirmity that decays the wise, doth ever make the better fool'
'I marvel your ladyship  takes delight in such a barren rascal'

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1. Appearance:
Sir Toby is supposed to be the noble uncle to Countess Olivia who seems to be from a very dignified family.

Quotes:
“A virtuous maid, a daughter of a count”- Captain ( Act 1 Scene 2 )

2. Reality:
He is far from being noble.  He is pretty irresponsible as he comes to visit his niece during late hours, and behaves inappropriately. For instance, he drinks too much during the play and refuses to stop even when Maria admonishes him in Act 1 Scene 3. He also is vulgar in manner of speech.

Quotes:
“By my troth, Sir Toby, you must come in earlier o’nights. Your cousin, my lady, takes great exceptions to your ill hours.” - Maria referring to Sir Toby ( Act 1 Scene 3 )

“I’ll drink to her as long as there is a passage in my throat and drink in Illyria;” - Sir Toby ( Act 1 Scene 3 )

“What, wench!” - Sir Toby ( Act 1 Scene 3 )

“‘Accost is front of her, board her, woo her, assail her.” - Sir Toby ( Act 1 Scene 3 )

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[Act 1] - Appearance V.S
Appearance: He seems to be a fool “Take the fool away” said by Olivia.

Reality: He has a good sense of humour and knows how to play with words which shows that he is actually smart. “Better a witty fool than a foolish wit”
He gives good advice to people. He seems to be wise and quick witted. “The more fool, madonna, to mourn for your brother’s soul being in heaven.Take away the fool, gentleman.”

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Appearance: Valentine's description of her actions and the quote "Like a cloistress she will vèiled walk" gives one the impression that Olivia is the personification of purity and true to the Christian values that were upheld in the society of Shakespeare's time.

Reality: Olivia's superficiality is shown through her action of sending Malvolio with the ring, and her deceptive nature is shown in the execution of this plan with the ulterior motive of receiving another visit from Viola-Cesario, while the stage direction "Unveiling", as she has chosen to display her face to the first man who requests that she unveils herself, and her act of covering her face mourning in the memory of her dead brother (whose soul is in heaven) is ridiculed by Feste, with his famous quote, "Take away the fool, gentlemen.". The image of Christian chastity is very heavily contrasted by her later attitude, portraying Olivia as a fool, and Orsino as all the more fool for not seeing past her deceptive facade.