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A full-frame digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) is one with an image sensor format that is the same size as 35 mm format (36 mm × 24 mm) film.

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Sensors approximating these dimensions are used in many digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLRs), mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras (MILCs), and a few large-sensor live-preview digital cameras. APS-Csize sensors are also used in a few digital rangefinders.

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Crop factor is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs.

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A lens of fixed focal length.

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A lens allowing a camera to change smoothly from a long shot to a close-up or vice versa by varying the focal length.

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Photoshop CS6. You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows. Any arrangement of these elements is called a workspace.

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A toolbar is a set of icons or buttons that are part of a software program's interface or an open window. When it is part of a program's interface, the toolbar typically sits directly under the menu bar. For example, Adobe Photoshop includes a toolbarthat allows you to adjust settings for each selected tool.

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are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image. Photoshop contains over two dozen palettes that can be shown or hidden by using the Window menu and selecting the palette you wish to reveal.

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A menu bar is a user interface element that contains selectable commands and options for a specific program. In Windows, menu bars are typically located at the top of open windows.

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The Options Bar is where you would go to adjust settings for the currently active tool. This toolbar is context-sensitive, meaning that it changes according to which tool you have selected.

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Saturation refers to the intensity of a color. The higher the saturation of a color, the more vivid it is. The lower the saturation of a color, the closer it is to gray. Lowering the saturation of a photo can have a “muting” or calming effect, while increasing it can increase the feel of the vividness of the scene.

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color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors. An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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the zoom tool allows you to zoom in on the image to get a better idea of the actual pixel makeup of a section you are working on. It is fairly easy to use the tool.

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The Hand tool allows you to move your image around its window by dragging.

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Cropping is the process of removing portions of a photo to create focus or strengthen the composition. Use the Crop tool to crop and straighten photos in Photoshop. The Crop tool is non-destructive, and you can choose to retain the cropped pixels to optimize the crop boundaries later.

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The Art of Using Aspect Ratios in Digital Photography. ... As mentioned before aspect ratio deals with width and height. It basically describes how square (1:1) or wide (16:9) or image is. It's expressed as a figure, like this: width:height (width always comes first).

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Drag along a feature in the image that you want to orient horizontally or vertically.A If you need to adjust the line, move either endpoint. The current angle is listed as the A value on the Options bar.

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The paint bucket toolfills an area of an image based on color similarity. Click anywhere in the image and the paint bucket will fill an area around the pixel you clicked.

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A brush tool is one of the basic tools found in graphic design and editing applications. It is a part of the painting tool set which may also include pencil tools, pen tools, fill color and many others.

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Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges.

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The Magic Wand Tool, known simply as the Magic Wand, is one of the oldest selection tools in Photoshop. Unlike other selection tools that select pixels in an image based on shapes or by detecting object edges, the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges.

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ou can use the Quick Selection tool to quickly“paint” a selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image. Select the Quick Selection tool .

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The Marquee tool is the most basic of selection tools and often the one most useful. This tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections.

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The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag.

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Red eye in portraits is caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open.

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradientfills or create your own.

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You move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a sheet of acetate in a stack. You can also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially transparent

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels.

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Painting, and other visual arts, middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale; in photography, and printing, it is typically defined as 18% reflectance in visible light.

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One of four modes found mostly on Canon cameras to help measure a subject's brightness. This enables the photographer to take a correct exposure depending on the lighting conditions at hand.

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The metering mode refers to the way in which a camera determines exposure. Cameras generally allow the user to select between spot, center-weighted average, or multi-zone metering modes.

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A mode of automatic light metering in a camera that compensates for differences in the brightness of the central and peripheral portions of the image.

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Matrix Metering or Evaluative Metering mode is the default metering mode on most DSLRs. It works similarly to the above example by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones.