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The image below portrays a witch trial held in Salem, MA illustrating an old man bowing in front of the judge and jury as a woman, most likely to be the man's wife, lunges forward in objection. The jury of young women is no mere jury, but a jury of bewitched, or so everyone thinks, girls. These girls were practically the overseers of the accused's fate, they would react in bizarre ways whenever a witch is present, as you can see. Two hundred people were accused of being witches by the end of 1692, only nineteen of them were hanged.

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The witch hysteria that grew in Salem derived from the Calvinistic belief that Satan acted on the Earth, sometimes, in the form of disease, natural disasters or misfortune. Times of troubles indicated that Satan was at work. The Puritans also believed that Satan recruited witches and warlocks to aid him through witchcraft. Soon, witch hysteria grew about as people began to accuse each other of participating in witchcraft, which was commonly against foreigners or enemies.

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The City Upon A Hill Theory stated that the Massachusetts Bay Colony would be a utopia in which God could be found in scripture and strong work ethic. Jon Winthrop, the person behind the concept of "City Upon A Hill", had created it to set an example for other Christians around the world. With that said, Puritans built colleges, e.g. Harvard, Princeton, etc., that taught young men the words of God and ministers. They taught that "grace" was a free gift of salvation and that total depravity, the belief that everyone is a sinner at birth, is very much present.These ideas probably played a role in the Crucible by determining who is partaking in unholy practices and who is not.

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Puritans refers to the religious reform movement that originally took place in the England Church. In England, the Puritans sought to get rid of the Catholic Church, but were soon put under persecution by the King. As a result, they fled from England and came to the "New World", or North America. Here they established the Massachusetts Bay colony and practiced their beliefs safely away from harassment. Those beliefs eventually began a witch hysteria that terrorized Puritans of the colonies.

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Calvinism is the Protestant theological system of John Calvin and his successors the emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination. Puritans shared common Calvinist beliefs such as total depravity, predestination, limited atonement, and grace. Ultimately, the Puritans were a theocracy, a community governed by God. The Calvinistic beliefs in the existence of witchcraft most definitely added to the witch scare. Such practices were feared, as they were coupled with Satan.