# data[].attributes.body
Overall, I believe the ambulance service were thorough with their operations throughout the whole of the incident, they didn't overthink anything they just got on with what they needed to do making sure to help and save victims. Even though the police service limited the paramedics on doing what they could do, they still done everything they possibly could to help anyone in any way possible, the paramedics had to deal with fatalities and get them to the morgue, but also deal with the injured and transport them to the hospitals whilst liaising with the police to give them details of the victims who were going to the hospital, this way the police could then let the families be aware of what was going on! Even with just 3 paramedics on site they still went straight to the scene to do their duties, with 40 ambulances on site, only 3 were allowed to go and treat the injured which I hold so much respect for them 3 paramedics as all of the responsibility was down to them

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Revealed: Just THREE paramedics were allowed into the Manchester Arena to treat dying bomb victims despite 56 ambulances being scrambled to the scene

Only three paramedics were allowed inside the arena in immediate aftermath

As many as 40 victims were too injured to move from the devastated foyer

But rules prevented paramedics from entering a potentially dangerous scene

Official report is expected to level criticism at the emergency services' response

Just three paramedics were allowed inside the Manchester Arena in the immediate aftermath of last year's bombing.

As dozens lay dying and grievously injured, scores of ambulances were held back for at least an hour as rules prevented paramedics from entering a potentially dangerous scene.

One woman who resorted to using the strap of her handbag as a tourniquet to prevent herself bleeding to death was still lying there two hours later.

Merchandise tables were used as makeshift stretchers, while T-shirts meant as souvenirs were torn up for bandages.

An official report, published today, is expected to level strong criticism at the emergency services' response, as survivors demand changes to the way they deal with future atrocities.

As many as 40 victims were too injured to move from the devastated foyer in the moments after suicide bomber Salman Abedi blew himself up at the end of an Ariana Grande concert on May 22 last year.

A total of 22 people were killed and more than 500 injured in the atrocity.

But despite 56 ambulances being scrambled to the scene, fears of further attacks meant just three paramedics were allowed inside for an hour after the bomb went off at 10.33pm.

One survivor called for more ambulance crews to be trained to enter hazardous environments.

Robby Potter, 48, who almost died when shrapnel became embedded in his heart, said: 'It must have been half an hour after the bomb, at least, before I was put in the ambulance.

'I don't want to blame the emergency services who were present on the day but procedures need to be put in place so they can do their jobs and save lives.'

An ambulance source said: 'We're bracing ourselves for criticism in the report, but we have processes to follow in any major incident and everyone did their best.'

Lord Kerslake's report - commissioned by Greater Manchester mayor Andy Burnham - is also expected to highlight a series of failings by the fire service.

In what has been described by insiders as a 'shambolic' breakdown in communication, Greater Manchester Fire Service were not officially informed by police that the attack was no longer considered to be an ongoing terrorist threat until after midnight.

As a result, even anti-terror crews carrying specialist equipment were held back, with the first fire officers not arriving until 12.20am - nearly two hours after the blast.

It later emerged that the county fire officer was not told a bomb had gone off for 35 minutes.

Terror of injured who lay for hours waiting for help

The first paramedic to enter the bombed arena was father-of-three Paddy Ennis, 38, who was waved through by police officers and confronted with a horrific scene.

Speaking days after the attack, he described having to ignore screaming survivors as those who were able to make a noise were not the most seriously injured.

He assumed colleagues would soon join him, but instead only two more paramedics - members of two specially-trained hazardous area response teams which were scrambled - were allowed in.

Only helped by stunned members of the public and trained first responders on duty, they were overwhelmed by the number of casualties desperately needing help.

'In any other situation there would be a massive ambulance response for each individual person,' Mr Ennis said.

Phil Dick and his wife Kim were waiting for their daughter Tamla, 17, and granddaughter Sasha, 15, who both survived. The couple, from Bradford, spent over an hour doing what they could to save wounded concert-goers using improvised bandages.

They fear that some may have died while they were waiting for paramedics to see them.

Mr Dick, 55, said: 'It was down to people like us to help the wounded. Event security staff were running round throwing people green plastic first aid kits but it wasn't really sufficient.'

Mr Dick said he repeatedly shouted, 'We need paramedics now!' to which police officers replied: 'We're just making sure there are no more bombs.'

'There was just too much for just three paramedics to deal with,' he added. 'The longer it went on the more silent it became.'

North West Ambulance Service said all 'critical' patients had been moved and were being treated within an hour of the blast, but it took four hours for all those needing treatment to be transferred to hospital.

It will give its response to the report tomorrow, but has previously said that while it 'welcomes' any recommendations it is 'confident in our response which followed implementation of our major incident plan, training and experience that we have in place for this type of situation'.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Manchester Arena bomb victims were treated by just THREE paramedics

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Only three paramedics were allowed inside the arena in immediate aftermath As many as 40 victims were too injured to move from the devastated foyer But rules prevented paramedics from entering a potentially dangerous scene Official report is expected to level criticism at the emergency services' response Just three paramedics were allowed inside the Manchester Arena in the immediate aftermath of last year's bombing.

# data[].attributes.body
Only three paramedics ever entered the cordoned-off foyer area at the centre of the blast, in line with the major incident plan, even though there was only 3 paramedics on site they responded the best way they could with all of their experience and skills. There was 22 fatalities and 512 people injured this was far too many people for only 3 paramedics to deal with but they done everything they could do, to help people who needed medical attention, before more emergency services could get to the scene. Furthermore, with the police service not liaising with the other emergency services it limited what the ambulance could therefore do with the victims.

# data[].attributes.body
Overall, in my own opinion I believe that the police done everything they possibly could to keep the incident under control and by not putting anyone else in danger. This incident was such a shock and such a massive terror attack so for the police to be slated in any way possible I believe is out of order, because if I was in their shoes on that day I really wouldn't know what to do unless I actually was there to witness it all myself! I feel like the public and the press expect too much from any of the services especially the police seen as so they are the ones who everyone believes are in charge of everything, even though they are not; because no one is in charge all the services liaise with each other to make all incidents safe and completed with no more fatalities. Even though the police believed there was an active shooter around the area so they delayed the fire and ambulance service from getting to the scene within the response time, but this was only because they didn't want any of the services to be in harm ways if there was to be an active shooter or an secondary attack the police service didn't want any of the services entering the scene without knowing for sure what was going on!

# data[].attributes.body
In my own opinion I feel like the fire service done everything they could do to make the incident controlled to the best way possible, even though after the incident took place and the press got wind of what happened, the fire service got downgraded so much as it took them 2 hours before they were allowed to get into the scene. However, this wasn't the fire services fault as the police wouldn't let any other service enter as they weren't 100% sure if there was going to be a secondary attack, so the police were only looking out for the other services, but the press and public didn't see it in this way, they saw it as the fire service weren't doing their jobs properly by protecting and helping people. Overall, this made the firefighters feel like they were letting the public down by not being able to get there when they were so eager to get in and do everything in their power to save and help people. I feel like it was so wrong for people to slate the fire service in anyway possible because it was such a scary incident to attend and the firefighters did go in and save people even if it did mean putting their own lives at risk too.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Firefighters did not respond to the Manchester attack for two hours because they believed a gunman could be on the loose, a report has found.

Lord Kerslake, the former head of the civil service, praised "individual acts of bravery and selflessness" by the emergency services and members of the public following the bombing on 22 May last year but said communication failures delayed vital parts of the response.

Isis supporter Salman Abedi detonated his device in the foyer of Manchester Arena as thousands of young Ariana Grande fans poured out of a concert, killing 22 people and injuring more than 100.

Police were on the scene one minute later and declared a major incident at 10.39pm, just eight minutes after the explosion.

Firefighters stationed nearby heard the blast themselves and prepared for mobilisation, but initial fears of an "active shooter" meant they did not arrive at the scene for two hours despite having first-aid skills and terror-attack training.

"The effect of this was that a valuable resource was not available to assist on the scene, particularly with the movement of those who were injured from the foyer" amid a shortage of stretchers, Lord Kerslake concluded.

"The fire service was effectively 'outside the loop', having no presence at the rendezvous point established by the police, little awareness of what was happening at the arena and only a very limited and belated presence at Strategic Gold Command."

Lord Kerslake said firefighters interviewed during the review felt they had left Manchester down but said "they did not, but their procedures, communications and operational culture most certainly did ... it is incredible".

He said firefighters stationed near Manchester Arena "could see that something was happening and wanted to go forward, but were prevented from doing so" and could not deploy themselves.

There were only three paramedics in the foyer at the time, triaging patients to be taken to a designated casualty clearing station for treatment alongside British Transport Police officers, security guards, staff from Manchester Victoria station and members of the public.

All injured people were evacuated from the blast site within just over an hour of the explosion, but Lord Kerslake said the presence of firefighters "would clearly have been valuable".

The impact of the delay will be examined by the coroner in ongoing inquests into the 22 victims' deaths, while a separate criminal investigation continues.

A previous review by the former Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation found that MI5 might have been able to prevent the attack, having dismissed two pieces of intelligence on Abedi that were "highly relevant" to his plans.

He had already been put under active investigation twice - once over his contact with another subject of interest in 2014, when he was considered a "low residual risk", and again in October 2015 because of indirect contact with an Isis figure in Libya - and was not questioned when he returned to Britain from the country four days before the bombing.

The North West Fire Control initially received reports of a potential gunman from the ambulance service, but despite police confirming that wounds were caused by shrapnel rather than bullets a national liaison officer did not receive the information.

Suspecting a potential marauding terrorist shooting attack like those seen in Paris, he ordered firefighters to assemble at a station two miles from the arena according to procedures creating a 500m safety exclusion zone.

If all emergency services had followed the same guidance, only armed police wearing body armour would have been allowed to enter Manchester Arena's foyer, but others used "situational awareness" to go in.

The national inter-agency liaison officer tried to speak to the police force duty officer to clarify what was happening but could not get through to him on the phone, the report said.

It called for the fire service to reflect on "poor communication, poor procedures and issues of operational culture which caused its failure to respond properly".

Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service's interim chief fire officer Dawn Docx apologised "unreservedly", adding: "Firefighters were desperate on the night to help and they were let down by some of their senior colleagues."

She said no disciplinary action was planned, following the retirement of former fire chief Peter O'Reilly, and the service was "working to make sure this never happens again".

The report also revealed that an emergency phone system provided by Vodafone "completely failed", causing added distress to families frantically seeking information on their loved ones.

Investigators said a restricted, local telephone service was not up and running until 3am, almost five hours after the bombing, leaving relatives to start desperate searches of local hospitals.

Vodafone has apologised and worked with the Home Office on measures to prevent similar issues occurring again, including a back-up system, testing and monitoring.

The review found that the horror was compounded by the actions of some members of the media, with relatives saying they were hounded and shown a lack of respect with behaviour the review called "utterly unacceptable".

The Kerslake Arena Review was established by Andy Burnham, the Mayor of Greater Manchester, to examine the emergency response to the deadliest terror attack in Britain since the 7/7 bombings.

"By looking honestly at what happened, we can improve the way we protect the public, and begin to provide the families who lost loved ones and those injured, physically and mentally, with the answers to questions they have no doubt been asking ever since," he said, announcing a wide-ranging review of Manchester's fire and rescue service.

Lord Kerslake said the views of victims' families and survivors had been "front and centre" in the review process.

"The Manchester Arena attack was devastating for many thousands of people," he added.

"There is a lot to be proud of in the response to the attack, both for the city region of Greater Manchester, and for the emergency services.

"The benefits of collaborative working and planning for emergencies were demonstrated to the full. And there were hundreds, if not thousands, of individual acts of bravery and selflessness.

"But it's also vital to learn the lessons around things that did not go so well. It matters not just for the people of Greater Manchester and beyond who were caught up in the terrible events of that night, but also for places that might be caught up in such an attack in the future."

The report said the huge pressures on police charged with leading the response caused communication issues with other agencies, calling for new joint operating principles for responding to a terrorist attack to be drawn up nationally.

Mr Burnham backed the calls for a review of existing guidelines updated after the Paris, Sousse and Mumbai attacks, calling them "right on paper but wrong in practice".

The report praised preparations and training undergone by the emergency services, the "good judgement" exercised at key points, such as meaning that police and paramedics were allowed to enter Manchester Arena despite safety fears.

The review found that actions by individuals and organisations on the night "demonstrated enormous bravery and compassion" and the civic response was "exceptional", while support was provided by family liaison officers and bereavement nurses.

Chief Constable Ian Hopkins, of Greater Manchester Police, said officers had worked to save lives while being aware there may be a further attack.

"It was an immense and unprecedented situation that faced us and I am proud of the way the officers and staff of GMP responded that night and in the days, weeks and months that have followed," he added.

"In the face of danger they ran into the arena as others were running away, they experienced things that no-one should have to experience."

He said the criminal investigation into the attack was ongoing, with counter-terror officers working through more than 12,000 pieces of evidence and 2,000 statements.

British authorities have been seeking the extradition of Hashem Abedi, the bomber's brother, from Libya for questioning but the efforts have been frustrating by the armed militia holding him and the chaos of the country's ongoing civil war.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Firefighters did not respond to the Manchester bombing for two hours because of a false 'active shooter' threat

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Firefighters did not respond to the Manchester attack for two hours because they believed a gunman could be on the loose, a report has found. Lord Kerslake, the former head of the civil service, praised "individual acts of bravery and selflessness" by the emergency services and members of the public following the bombing on 22 May last year but said communication failures delayed vital parts of the response.

# data[].attributes.body
Fire and rescue service – because they are a fire and rescue service there are a lot of roles and responsibilities they need to uphold when attending the scene of an emergency these include Management of hazardous materials and protecting the environment this means not letting the surrounding environment getting polluted e.g. cleaning up chemical spills , Safety management within the inner cordon which is making sure all dangers and threats are dealt with so that the scene is no longer a danger and Life-saving through search and rescue. I believe the fire service did all of their roles and responsibilities to the highest and best standards possible as they managed to save so many people and reduce the risks of anyone else getting hurt or injured. More so, I believe they worked well together with the police as it was down to the police to when the fire service was allowed to enter the scene, this way the police was looking out for the fire service as they didn't know whether there was going to be a secondary attack so they weren't going to send the fire service in if there was any chance of the firefighters becoming injured or could have possibly resulted in losing firefighters!

# data[].attributes.body
As the police are normally first to arrive they have many roles and responsibilities when attending a scene of an emergency these include To secure, protect and preserve the scene and to control sightseers and traffic through the use of cordons this means blocking the are of incident of to the public because it may be dangerous , The saving of life together with the other emergency services this is because emergency responders have a duty of care towards the public and The prevention of crime. The police done everything they possibly could have to make the incident less dangerous and under control, however there was a rumour of an "active shooter" around the area, so police did not liaise with fire and ambulance officials to help them assess the threat level and deploy crews accordingly, this then held back the paramedics and firefighters to do their jobs properly.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The ex-head of Manchester's fire service says police are to blame for the two-hour delay in firefighters attending the scene of the city's arena terror attack.

Peter O'Reilly broke his silence to defend the response of Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service (GMFRS) following last year's suicide bombing which killed 22 people.

A damning report by Lord Kerslake found the fire service "played no meaningful role" in the aftermath of the explosion, describing the failure as "extraordinary" and "incredible".

Firefighters attended the scene more than two hours after the attack - even though crews heard the blast and were stationed half a mile away.

Speaking for the first time about the incident, Mr O'Reilly told The Irish News he will "always regret" that fire crews were not there within minutes of the attack.

But he said the service was left in an "information vacuum" because Greater Manchester Police (GMP) did not follow "proper protocols" on how emergency services should work together during terror attacks.

"On the night in question, I believe the fire service should have been there," he said.

"We had worked very, very closely with our colleagues in the ambulance service to train our firefighters up. We had trained our staff up to respond to terrorist attacks.

"They weren't able to do that, simply because police didn't live up to their responsibilities of having a conversation with the fire service. If they did, we would have been there."

Mr O'Reilly said, amid reports of a possible "active shooter" at the scene, police did not liaise with fire and ambulance officials to help them assess the threat level and deploy crews accordingly.

This led the fire service to hold back, he claimed, assembling at a distance in case of an escalating firearms attack.

Mr O'Reilly - who retired earlier this year from his £155,000 post as chief fire officer - also criticised the Kerslake report's examination of the emergency response, saying it failed to properly question how police acted against guidelines.

Suicide bomber Salman Abedi detonated a home-made device after an Ariana Grande concert on May 22 last year.

The panel of experts who authored the Kerslake report stated they were not able to say whether earlier arrival of the fire service would have "affected any casualty's survivability".

A GMP spokeswoman said: "The criminal investigation into the terrible attack of 22nd May continues.

"In addition, the coronial process is now being presided over by retired High Court judge Sir John Saunders and consequently we cannot comment further at this time on matters which the inquest may wish to consider."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Manchester Arena bomb: Ex-fire chief blames police for delayed response

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The ex-head of Manchester's fire service says police are to blame for the two-hour delay in firefighters attending the scene of the city's arena terror attack. Peter O'Reilly broke his silence to defend the response of Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service (GMFRS) following last year's suicide bombing which killed 22 people.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Ariana Grande concert bombing in Manchester | Explosion kills at least 19

# data[].attributes.headline
Fire Service Roles and Responsibilities P4 

# data[].attributes.subject
Fire Service Roles and Responsibilities P4 

# data[].attributes.body
1. Fight fires.
2. Minimise the risks by removing combustible materials or using foam.
3. Advice other services on health and safety at the scene.
4. Search for and rescue any causalities using specialist equipment.
5. Identify hazardous substances.
6. Dilute or neutralize harmful chemicals.
7. Establish decontamination units.
8. Provide first aid at the scene.
9. Investigate the cause of the fire.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ambulance Roles And Responsibilities P4 

# data[].attributes.subject
Ambulance Roles And Responsibilities P4 

# data[].attributes.body
1. Provide emergency aid and triage.
2. Resuscitate where necessary.
3. Establish casualty loading area.
4. Transport casualties to designated hospitals.
5. Give police details of victims taken to hospital so relatives can be informed.
6. Establish casualty clearing area.
7. Order medical resources (drugs, blood supplies, personnel) where necessary.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Provide and update control room with clear instructions.
2. Ensure access and exit routes are clear.
3. Control crowds, sightseers and onlookers.
4. Collect and pass on information.
5. Safeguard victims personal property.
6. Obtain witness statements.
7. Preserve the scene and gather evidence.
8. Investigate the cause.
9. Inform and warn the public via the media.

# data[].attributes.headline
Statutory agencies at the Manchester Bombing P3 AND P4

# data[].attributes.subject
Statutory agencies at the Manchester Bombing P3 AND P4

# data[].attributes.body
On the 22nd of May 2017 a terror attack happened at the Manchester Arena where Ariana Grande was holding a concert. Once the attack took place the police service, fire service and ambulance service were there at the scene. The police were the first to arrive at the scene as the police must protect the scene, in case there was a case of a secondary attack, they done this by using police tape to block off the marked area, then by having vehicles to block off entrances and exits so nothing or no one could get in or out of the scene. More so, they had individual officers spaced around to make sure the area was safe and no one was able to enter or leave the incident. In serious incidents, the first officer at the scene does not become involved in the rescue work because their role is to assess the situation and maintain contact with control in order to coordinate the response. Furthermore, the fire service are there at the scene to put the fire out caused by the explosion, and to move causalities and fatalities away from the incident to make the area more safe and secluded. Finally, the ambulance service arrived at the scene to help and rescue the injured and get them to a hospital quickly they also had to move any fatalities away from the scene and get them to the morgue, whilst doing this they also had to decontaminate the area so no diseases were spread due to there being blood all around the area.

# data[].attributes.headline
Voluntary agencies at the Manchester Bombing P3

# data[].attributes.subject
Voluntary agencies at the Manchester Bombing P3

# data[].attributes.body
One of the main voluntary agencies who helped out at the Manchester attack was Victim support, they help people who are involved in so many different ways they provide emotional and practical support to those needed who have been involved in a traumatic experience. Also the Samaritans could have been on the other side of the phone to give advice to people involved within the attack, as victims will be facing things such post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with being involved in something so tragic, so the Samaritans are there to talk to people to make them feel better and so they don't go and do anything stupid if they have lost loved ones within the attack!

# data[].attributes.body
A voluntary agency is one which provided (usually by a charity or grant funded body) to meet a particular

# data[].attributes.body
A statutory agency is one provided under law - usually the responsibility of a local Authority or central government department.