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Approximately 40% of children in the classroom are affected by the ACEs experiences such as abuse, neglect, and traumatizing experiences that have changed the way their brains and bodies process and respond to information and stimuli

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It's not surprising that the amygdala of a traumatized person becomes enlarged. It is enlarged because it is continuously overexcited and overworked. Having experienced trauma once, it senses danger even when there is no danger.

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Trauma's Manifestations in the Classroom

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Trauma's Manifestations in the Classroom

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Trauma in children often manifests outwardly, affecting kids’ relationships and interactions. In schools, the signs of trauma may be seen in a student acting out in class, or they could be more subtle—like failure to make eye contact or repeatedly tapping a foot.

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Students who have experienced traumatic events may be distrustful with adults and/or fellow students, therefore in need of support when developing healthy interpersonal relationships at school.

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Trauma affects the formation of relationships among peers. I wonder how insecure relationships among students affect learning and also lead to isolation or exclusion within a classroom community

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In thinking about the general activities in which children engage on a regular basis in schools, writing comes to my mind; prompts often ask for personal experience, which, when considering the way in which trauma becomes prominent and toxic in the memory, really tees students up for a horrific writing period.
Likewise, read alouds often focus on the nuclear family, which are either non representative, or horrifically reminiscent. For example, the literary fixation on the orphan trope is foul; not only is the dead parent narrative wildly appropriated and misrepresented, but the prominence of such narratives assures students that a read aloud featuring the "Dead Dad or Walt-Disney-Motherlessness" story will percolate into their student years. Imagine the import of literacy within the classroom, for academic, social, and emotional growth, and then consider the relationship of trauma and the realistic fiction story.
Thirdly, when we're considering the classroom, thinking about the import of community in the classroom is key. However, students who have experienced high levels of adversity within their backgrounds are underprivileged in their comfort with community forming and norming.

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A child who sees the world as a "dangerous place" might have expectations for confrontation and danger within the classroom.

Students apply specific behavioral coping mechanisms in an effort to feel safe and in control.

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The importance of kindness and providing kids with positive attention especially when negative attention occurs so much more frequently

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Wikipedia's description of the way in which "The Allostatic Load" gets you all messed up-  "Stress hormones such as epinephrine and cortisol in combination with other stress-mediating physiological agents such as increased myocardial workload, decreased smooth muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract, and increased coagulation effects have protective and adaptive benefits in the short term, yet can accelerate pathophysiology when they are overproduced or mismanaged; this kind of stress can cause hypertension and lead to heart disease, and other chronic health conditions. Constant or even irregular exposure to these hormones can eventually induce illnesses and weaken the body's immune system.[9] Therefore, leading to an increase of the allostatic load.

Adaptation in the face of stressful situations and stimuli involves activation of neural, neuroendocrine and neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms. This adaptation has been called "allostasis" or "maintaining stability through change", which is an essential component of maintaining homeostasis. The main downstream hormones produced as a result of the stress response, cortisol and epinephrine (adrenaline), have beneficial effects on the body that can become detrimental with excessive activation, such as increased blood pressure and heart rate.

The physiological responses involved in the stress response are widely considered adaptive as they are effective at responding to acute threats to survival across many species. However, in environments of chronic or frequent activation of the stress response, such as exposure to violence or trauma, poverty, war, hypoxia, or low rank in a social hierarchy, the stress response constantly disrupts homeostasis resulting in overexertion of physiological systems.

Allostatic load can be measured in physiological systems as chemical imbalances in autonomic nervous system, central nervous system, neuroendocrine, and immune systemactivity as well as perturbations in the diurnal rhythms, and, in some cases, plasticity changes to brain structures."

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traumatic experiences can diminish...
- concentration
- memory
- organizational abilities
- language abilities

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPwdWLWYqBI

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https://traumasensitiveschools.org/trauma-and-learning/the-problem-impact/

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https://childmind.org/article/how-trauma-affects-kids-school/