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1. Dreyfus always looks like he's shown to have power but also because he seems to have one of when he's sentenced to prison (but that could just be me). it was interesting to see him with his wife which means that he cares for his loved ones and he may not all that bad.
2. In the pictures of Zola it shows that he's not a really nice guy and he has a large head probably symbolizing power. and just overall being cruel especially the one where he looks like he's cleaning someone's head.

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1. the postcards are showing that Dreyus is a formal person by drawing him in his uniform. From the postcards I took that he really cared about him family. In one of the postcards the artist drew his head really large, and maybe that is showing that he could've been stuck up and stubborn. The postcards are also showing that Dreyus is Jewish and that being Jewish isn't a good thing. It shows him carrying a heavy load on his shoulders and getting beat on.
2. On these postcards I interpreted that Zola was a hard worker and that he was royal and loyal to what he believed. He can be seen as maybe a god and a very loyal person to the people.
3. this postcard is showing what the artist finds that is the most important to what they thing/believe. His head seems to be very large to show that he is important or that his ideas played a big part of why he was successful. In this card, it is portraying the power that he carried with him around. And that he was very powerful.
4. The point of mass mailing things is for multiple people to veiw/see it. When receiving mail like this the cover draws the most attention to itself because it is simple and plain, to show that the concept and the good or bad cause is important.

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1. The postcards portray Dreyfus in several different ways. Some show him in uniform, looking powerful and respected, while others show him as a small, poor man, emphasizing the views of Jews at the time. One shows him claiming that he is innocent, and being protected by a woman. In that same picture the word "truth" is above the sun, showing the light of truth shining down on him.
2.The postcards show Zola as a powerful, godly figure. He is often taking the place of gods. This shows that he was seen as a hero/savior, making positive changes.
3. This postcard shows the government creating the evidence to accuse Dreyfus, showing that he is innocent. Caricatures can be interpreted in different ways, making it somewhat difficult to convey a specific message. However, it can also be good because caricatures show facial expression, etc.
4. Mass mailing can be very effective, spreading a message to many people. However, it could be dangerous because those that disagree could harm them. Now, mass mailing online is safer in some ways than back then, because it is more anonymous. It can also be sent faster.

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1.) These postcards show many representations of Dreyfus. Some show how he was honored and his presence is more prestigious because of small things like his clothing or the amount of people around him. Other postcards show that he is in charge, and has a lot on his shoulders. There is one postcard that looks as if he has packed his bags and it on his way to prison because of being a Jew and getting punished for it. One also looks as if he's being treated as a slave or some type of morsel of a man that is incredibly far from equal to white man. This shows how strong the idea of anti-semitism was and how it composed so many people's negative ideas.
2.) Many of these postcards of Zola show his greatness and power. One is where he wears red and is standing on top of the  world, but also looks like the weight of his power is crushing it.
3.) This postcard looks like Dreyfus played a large role in creating new ideas and things to open and broaden people's minds and opinions on race. Also building something from cards, that can easily just be knocked down. So together, even though his ideas were good, they could easily be penetrated and brought down by  anti-semitism.
4.) The mass mailing was helpful to spread the word of events and for Dreyfus's wife to get some sort of compassion since she was going through a rough patch when he was arrested. The simplicity of the letter gives a nice general appeal and it is very straightforward with appearance.

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1. I think that each postcard tells us a different thought about Dreyfus and his feelings. The different colors and way the cards are drawn show many different emotions felt Dreyfus and the view on Dreyfus by the card maker or sender.
2. I think that the cards of Zola are a showing a lot more power and that he seems strong and brave. He also continually holds up an item which makes him seem as if he's holding something over everyone.
3. I think that caricature shows emphasis on people/items/aspects of things that the artist finds important. Specifically to this caricature, I believe each head is bigger to show the faces of power, and I also think that they are stacking up cards and building to power, for it looks like the top card is a face card.

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1.  Each postcard shows a different picture, and therefore a different perspective of Dreyfus.  In two of the images, Dreyfus looks weak and out of power.  However, in the other images, Dreyfus looks healthy, strong, and detailed.  In the top, middle image, Dreyfus is kissing his wife.  This postcard portrays the idea that Dreyfus is just like everyone else and deserves to see and love his family.
2.  In all of the postcards, Zola has a big head, possibly representing the size of his brain. He also frequently holds something, possibly to represent the power he holds over great forces.
3. Benefits: people of all languages can understand the main idea, they postcards can portray many ideas making people think deeper in life and into their beliefs
Limitations:  the cartoon is only what the reader interprets, cartoons can be misunderstood
4. Mass mailing and protest draw lots of attention to the cause. In both of these examples, by-standers can learn about both points of view. Therefore, extending knowledge and allowing people to gain their own beliefs. Postcards, however, are much different then mass mailing. Mass mailing is writing and displays a concept, while postcards display only what the reader understands.

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1. some of the postcard portray him in a position of power, but some of them also portray him as a sneaky. they are probably like that because some people thought he was a spy, and some didn't think he did that.
2. they portray him in a position of power, but kindof in a bad way. he is shown holding a sword, dunking a kid in a bucket, those things make him seem bad.
3. caricature can be good with conveying a message, but it can also make a joke about it. so when there is an important message with caricature, sometimes you can't tell if its serious or not. the postcard shows men making a card castle. They are making a testimony against Dreyfus, but they are casually putting up cards.
This could represent that the people didn't care about Dreyfus and maybe it was all a game to them.
4. they might have done mass mailing to spread awareness about the subject, so people that didn't know about it before know could get a little information.

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1.)The post cards show different perspectives or sides of Dreyfus. Some of the pictures have different color shades of grey or tan. Also some of the pictures of him show how he's powerful, helpful, and has on nice clothing. The post cards have no color and are bland. He seems very serious in most of the pictures.

2.) The picture of him on the right is in color, which makes it see like what he's wearing is important and makes him seem wealthy. Some of the picture make him look like a nice old man or important. The one on the right corner looks like he's torturing a kid and looks powerful.

3.) The cartoon makes it seem more interesting and funny, so maybe it might  be popular for people to see it. It also is very clear and gives the message very straight forward. The cartoon shows men working together while other men are spitting on them and laughing at them.

4.) Maybe mailing is a big source of how they communicate with other people. Everyone most likely checks their mail to make sure they don't miss anything important, so they use it so they can gain information.

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1. What does each postcard tell us about Dreyfus and about the illustrator’s view of Dreyfus?
The way the cards depict his personality is fairly clean by these cards. It shows him as sad and gloomy by the different colors on the card (black and white). In two of the post cards it shows him as getting beat on. Its also embarked that he is jewish and they show that it is a bad thing.
2. Making the same comparison with Zola.
He is shown with more amount of color in one image and in another he is shown as the one beating someone else; showing that he has more power over others. They have sun rays coming from him in one picture which shows that he is a good symbol and he is represented as  someone in power.
3.  What are the benefits and limitations of caricature in conveying a message? Analyze the postcard below and discuss its interpretation of the Dreyfus Affair, and how caricature is used in this case.
The benefits of caricature is its a way to express how you feel about a certain topic. It makes the topic a little more clearer for younger audiences especially. The limitations is that it could offend other people by their different points of views on topics including politics and laws. The postcard shows how much they don't care and that they are building proof because they don't care.
4. The postcard below bears the pre-printed address of Dreyfus’s wife, Lucie, and was sent to show support for her husband. Discuss the purpose and effect of mass mailing, and petitioning, and compare postcards to contemporary mass media with the same objective.
This postcard in a way, doesn't seem like it show any emotions. It also displays the way family and support was. The positive affect on this is that it gives a way for people that weren't with their family to be able to connect with them.

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1. The post cards depict personality and actions of Dreyfus. The use of black and white in each card makes him seem serious and dull. It also makes the time period seem sad and gloomy. He seems powerful in each picture .
The portrait makes him seem important because of his photo. His expression also seems calm. The illustrators view makes them seem like a follower of Dreyfus because of how they depicted him.
The kiss post cards makes Dreyfus seem like a loving and caring man. The description states that he kissed his wife after not seeing her for 4 years, which makes him seem loyal. The illustrator wants people to see the goodness of Dreyfus.
2. The postcards of Zola makes him appear educated. He also looks like a fighter. The black and white makes him seem serious and equal, except for the photo with red that stands out. The writer photo makes him appear scholarly because of his stance and glasses. The card of Zola has Zeus makes him seem powerful and like a savior. Because he depicted as Zeus, he is associated as godly and important.
3. The benefits of using a caricature makes the picture seem more fun and loving. Also, it allows more people and ages to be able to understand it or want to look at it. The limitations are that it makes the message seem not as serious. Because caricatures are used, the message being sent to the people is lost through the fun drawings.This postcard makes the Dreyfus affair appear fragile and shows how extremely it will affect everything. This card symbolizes affects the Dreyfus had and would have on the people and government.
4. The purpose of mass mailing was to stay in touch with friends and family. The effects were positive and helpful for many people. Mass media and mailing are both meant to stay in touch and share messages. The mailing is more sentimental than mass media.

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What does each postcard tell us about Dreyfus and about the illustrator’s view of Dreyfus?
1. From the postcards I assume that Dreyfus was a very powerful man. He has his hand up in some of the pictures and she also looks very stubborn from his facial expressions. He also seems very protected one symbol may be the three rings or the palm leaf over his head. They also portrayed him as a wandering jew in one picture and that was not highly respected.
What does each postcard tell us about Zola and about the illustrator’s view of Zola?
2. Zola looks very educated and smart. He looks serious as well. In one picture it looks like he has slain an animal, he may be very clever and strong, but he looks violent towards everyone. He also looks gloomy in all of the postcards, so he may not be living his best life.
3. What are the benefits and limitations of caricature in conveying a message? Analyze the postcard below and discuss its interpretation of the Dreyfus Affair, and how caricature is used in this case.
3)They are comparing this affair with Dreyfus to a deck of cards. This may mean that he it was very witty or that with one flick the whole house would fall down. It's unclear the meaning of the cards.Outside people are trying to look in and ruin it.
4)The postcard below bears the pre-printed address of Dreyfus’s wife, Lucie, and was sent to show support for her husband. Discuss the purpose and effect of mass mailing, and petitioning, and compare postcards to contemporary mass media with the same objective.
The support from the family was the biggest. Sending mail was a way to keep in touch. Since he Dreyfus was always out she probably needed a way to be connected to him.

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1. What does each postcard tell us about Dreyfus and about the illustrator’s view of Dreyfus? - the colors and style of the images are very dark and sad. It makes him look mean and powerful. It makes him look very high on the society ladder as-well. He looks very in charge and looks like he has a lot of power.
2. Zola kind of portrays the same message, powerful, a ruler, high on the social ladder. Also, Zola looks a lot meaner and looks like an evil ruler.
3. “The strength of the testimony by the Chief of Staff.” The military Chief of Staff is building proof (against Dreyfus). This means that they (chief or staff) are building the strength of the testimony and they are building proof. If one messes up the whole thing will fail.
4. Discuss the purpose and effect of mass mailing, and petitioning, and compare postcards to contemporary mass media with the same objective. - the purpose of mass mailing is that everyone is going to get them and there is evidence on the paper. It is more formal and makes the point more important. Postcards are different because today there is email but it is more complicated and may not get to the audience.

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1.  some of the postcards are more cartoon propaganda like style and others have real photographs. On one of the cards, it has writing in a different language. They all contain little to no color at all which also gives away how old they are.
2. Zola's postcards also have cartoon and real picture, but one of them have a red color which sticks out a little more... maybe the red represents blood or high power.
3. The cartoon picture adds a bit more humor. Their heads are big which can lead to more symbolism. They are balancing cards (house of cards). Maybe the cards represent something else (metaphor)
4.  Since it was sent to sevral people, it is more simple, therefor it costs less money. This also show people that him and his wife had a healthy, happy relationship.