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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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A twin-lens reflex camera (TLR) is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" (the lens that takes the picture), while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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Large format refers to any imaging format of 4×5 inches (102×127 mm) or larger. ... Large format cameras were some of the earliest photographic devices.

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Overview. The gelatin silver print or gelatin developing out paper (DOP) is a monochrome imaging process based on the light sensitivity of silver halides. ... The image is then made permanent by treatment in a photographic fixer, which removes the remaining light sensitive silver halides.

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An art curator is a professional in charge of acquiring and managing art collections, scientific cumulations and cultural heritage displays in museums, libraries, archives and the like.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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framing is the presentation of visual elements in an image, especially the placement of the subject in relation to other objects.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a form of protection provided by U.S. law to authors of “original works of authorship,” including “pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works.”

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Shapes are two-dimensional, flat, and only have height and width.

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Shapes are two-dimensional, flat, and only have height and width.

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Manipulating Hue, Value, and Intensity.

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When a 3 dimensional shape has depth.

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Describing how something feels through a photograph.

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The lightness and darkness of color.

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Placement of lines, shapes, forms, and color.

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The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

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The part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention.

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The path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art

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The repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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The feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

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The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry.

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having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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containing or using only one color.

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art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature.

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The phrase warm color is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature.

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Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color like white or black.

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Neutral colors don't usually show up on the color wheel. Neutral colors include black, white, gray, and sometimes brown and beige. They are sometimes called “earth tones.”

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The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs.

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That’s the key. The Golden Ratio helps us create compositions that appear natural, organic and pleasing to the eye.

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Leading lines refers to a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image.

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Positive space refers to the main focus of a picture, while negative space refers to the background.

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Positive space refers to the main focus of a picture, while negative space refers to the background.

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Objective refers to the elimination of subjective perspectives and a process that is purely based on hard facts.

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Subjective refers to personal perspectives, feelings, or opinions entering the decision making process.

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the process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others, although trademarks used to identify services are usually called service marks.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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illumination from behind.

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Diffused light is a soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is scattered and comes from all directions. Thus, it seems to wrap around objects. It is softer and does not cast harsh shadows.

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Ambient light means the light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. It usually refers to natural light, either outdoors or coming through windows etc. It can also mean artificial lights such as normal room lights.

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the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting.

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A silhouette is the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single color, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject. The interior of a silhouette is featureless, and the hole is typically presented on a light background, usually white, or none at all.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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a minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.

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The blue hour is the period of twilight (in the morning or evening, around the nautical stage) when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade.

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In photography, the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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A camera's raw image file contains unprocessed or minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera. ... Canon's RAW file extension is .CR2, Nikon's is .NEF

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A .PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document

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JPG is a file extension for a lossy graphics file. The JPEG file extension is used interchangeably with JPG.

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TIF is an image format file for high-quality graphics. TIF files are also called .TIFF, which stands for “Tagged Image Format File.”

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In Digital Photography ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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In photography, ASA and ISO are both measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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Manual mode on a camera allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image by letting them select an aperture value and a shutter speed value

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Automatic mode is a mode in a digital camera where the camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph, from the shutter speed to the aperture setting to the focus.

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The "program" in Program mode refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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Shutter priority (usually denoted as S on the mode dial), also called time value (abbreviated as Tv), refers to a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions as measured by the camera's light meter.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera (digital SLR or DSLR) is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film.

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Image metadata is text information pertaining to an image file that is embedded into the file or contained in a separate file that is associated with it. Image metadata includes details relevant to the image itself as well as information about its production. ... Metadata can also be added directly on some digital cameras.

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Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep and some of the AF points will light up—often in a red or green color—in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

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In photography, bracketing is the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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Normally, the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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The f-number of an optical system is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil. It is a dimensionless number that is a quantitative measure of lens speed, and an important concept in photography. It is also known as the focal ratio, f-ratio, or f-stop.

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In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An optical system typically has many openings or structures that limit the ray bundles.

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In photography, bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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For many cameras, depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light.

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In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time.

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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In photography, a tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera.

A monopod is similar to a tripod, which is used to stabilize items like cameras and binoculars. However, while a tripod has three adjustable legs to steady and level your equipment, a monopod has only one. This means that you trade some stability for ease of use, because a monopod is quicker to set up and move.

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Like your auto exposure, Auto White Balance is pretty good. Especially when dealing with artificial light sources, the results of Auto can be very satisfactory. The trouble arises when a color cast is desirable, or when shooting a subject that is mostly one color. A great example is a classic sunrise or sunset scene.

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To make daylight sun (5500K) look warm, that same person would post produce it with a white balance of perhaps 5700K or some amount above 5500K where the light is neutral and white. ... Any temperature setting lower than the color temperature of the light in a scene, will yield a more blue or “cooler” image.

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Open Shade White Balance (left) gives the scene more warmth, but Auto White Balance (right) results in whiter whites. © Lindsay Silverman. Open Shade White Balance (left) gives the scene more warmth, but Auto White Balance (right) results in whiter whites.

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Cloudy – This mode is ideal for while shooting on a cloudy day. This is because it warms up the subject and surroundings and allows you to capture better shots. Flash – The flash mode is required when there is inadequate lighting available. This mode helps pick the right White Balance under low light conditions.

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Tungsten – This mode is used for light under a little bulb like tungsten, and it is often used while shooting indoors. The tungsten setting of the digital camera cools down the color temperature in photos. ... This mode helps pick the right White Balance under low light conditions.

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Fluorescent – This mode is used for getting brighter and warmer shots while compensating for the cool shade of fluorescent light.

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When the flash is on most cameras automatically switch to flash white balance. The fun starts when you take it out of AUTO and set it yourself. Here's what the other settings do: Tungsten (symbol of a light bulb also called "indoor"): Very, very blue most of the time except indoors at night, for which it looks normal.

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Setting up custom white balance involves taking a photo of something white or mid-grey in the same light where you will be shooting your subject. You then select the camera's custom white balance mode and set it to use the photo of the white or mid-grey thing as reference.Aug 29, 2019

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Photographers tend to pay a lot of attention to light. ... Shadows are not simply a dark mass that borders the light. Rather, shadows are an entity as alive as the light. It is the shadows that shape the light, draw attention to the light, and integrate with the light to produce striking photographic opportunities.

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Midtones represent the surface area between the Highlights and the Shadows and they represent an area of surface that simply has less light than the Highlights. However, Midtones are close to the 50% range.

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A highlight is a bright spot in a photograph. Normally it is assumed to be one of the brightest points in the image. Highlights are normally created by a bright or intense illumination or by various forms of diffusion or reflection. Highlights are created by any bright light source.