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Phoebe Taylor, Laura Dickman, Luz Almanza

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Phoebe Taylor, Laura Dickman, Luz Almanza

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2. Forms and methods of taking the drug?

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2. Forms and methods of taking the drug?

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3. What are the effects of the drug on the body/brain?

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3. What are the effects of the drug on the body/brain?

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4. How is the drug metabolized in the body?

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4. How is the drug metabolized in the body?

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5. What age/gender/population/ Culture is more likely to abuse this drug? WHY?

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5. What age/gender/population/ Culture is more likely to abuse this drug? WHY?

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7. what is the percentage rate of recovery for this drug?

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7. what is the percentage rate of recovery for this drug?

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Jake
Courtney

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Ana Ruiz, Edith, Connor

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Grace Cook
Anyssa Alvarez

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Stimulant/ Sugar not considered a drug but can affect brain in similar ways

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depressant

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Depressant

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- "sniffing" or "snorting" fumes
- spraying aerosols directly into the nose or mouth
- "bagging"
- "huffing"
- inhaling from balloons "whip-it"

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or injected as liquid

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synthetic cathinones, man made chemical similar to a stimulate found in Khat plant. Bath salts are a cheap substitute for meth/ crack

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Suppressants Pills, pain relievers, heroin. Some are legal and some are illegal

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Suppressants Pills, pain relievers, heroin. Some are legal and some are illegal

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2. Forms and methods of taking the drugs

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2. Forms and methods of taking the drugs

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A salt looking substance, usually snorted, but can also be orally ingested, smoked and injected.

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body: sedation, euphoria, drowsiness, pain relief, 

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body: sedation, euphoria, drowsiness, pain relief, 

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pinpoint pupils, nausea, constipation, decreased respiratory rate, decreased heart rate, sweating, and mood swings,
Brain: euphoria, relaxation, hallucinations, affects dopamine, blocks pleasure center of opioid drugs if you take them while on methadone, abuse can mess with memory,

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3. What are the effects of the drug on the body/brain

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3. What are the effects of the drug on the body/brain

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Bath Salts can cause paranoia, hallucinations, increased friendliness, increased sex drive, panic attacks, excited delirium, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, chest pain, and possibly death. Delirium can lead to dehydration, breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, and kidney failure.

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Austin
Emma
Hannah

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4. How is the drug metabolized in the body

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4. How is the drug metabolized in the body

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The psychoactive episode can last up to 4 hours, some cases 8. the half life of the bath salts can be an hour- 2 hours can be and secreted through the urine.

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Synthetic Cannabinoid

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changes the way your brain and nervous system respond to pain

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The effects of methadone can be felt within 30 minutes and last 8-12 hours. The effects last longer when injected into the bloodstream rather than when being swallowed. Metabolism of methadone happens in the liver, but through regular doses methadone can begin to store in the body causing its effects to last longer.

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in tablet or capsule form

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2. Sniff, Snort, and Smoke, Gum it, dissolve it in water then inject it with a needle.

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2. Sniff, Snort, and Smoke, Gum it, dissolve it in water then inject it with a needle.

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5. What age/ gender/ population/ culture is more likely to abuse the drug

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5. What age/ gender/ population/ culture is more likely to abuse the drug

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Lower class, previous users (crack and meth). Young Adulthood seems to be the most common age. Usually male, Hispanic or native American, student athletes (researchgate.net)

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Caffeine: Soda, coffee, energy drinks
Sugar: Soda, Candy,

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Age/gender/population/culture that is more likely to abuse this drug

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Age/gender/population/culture that is more likely to abuse this drug

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Because it is prescribed by doctors to addicts for treatments, it is most commonly abused by these addicts. It is more commonly abused by addicts who are more desperate, more mentally or physically ill, poorer, and more disabled than the general addict population.

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Depression (crash), anxiety, tremors, problems sleeping, paranoia

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Orally (pills) , smoking or injection (heroin), snorting

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Orally (pills) , smoking or injection (heroin), snorting

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7. What is the percentage rate of recovery for this drug?

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7. What is the percentage rate of recovery for this drug?

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There is a 40-60% relapse rate for Bath Salts.

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Smoke, Brew as tea.

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3. Body short term & Long term: lost of appetite, contracted blood vessels, Dilated pupils, erractic behavior, high blood pressure leading to heart attacks

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3. Body short term & Long term: lost of appetite, contracted blood vessels, Dilated pupils, erractic behavior, high blood pressure leading to heart attacks

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Brain effects: Nausea, hyperstimulation, intense euphoria, anxiety,permanent damage to the blood vessels in the brain, auditory and tactical hallucinations, depression, addiction.

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what are the effects of the drug on the body/brain?

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what are the effects of the drug on the body/brain?

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sedation, dizziness, weakness, unsteadiness, decrease activity in the central nervous system, they affect your emotional reactions, mental skills and physical abilities

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One of the uses of opioids are to relieve pain by interacting with the opioid receptors in the body/brain. They also cause a sensation of intense excitement.

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One of the uses of opioids are to relieve pain by interacting with the opioid receptors in the body/brain. They also cause a sensation of intense excitement.

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Caffeine blocks adenine an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that makes you sleepy so it helps you feel more awake and less tired.
Sugar slows the cognitive function, and deficits memory/attention. Also leads to gain weight.

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Body: Euphoria, hallucinations, slurred speech, drowsiness, vomiting.
Brain: Memory problems (hippo campus). Causes changes in personality and learning problems (cerebral cortex). Problems in balance and movement (cerebellum). Visual disturbances caused by damage to visual system.

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Caffeine is  metabolized in the liver , while sugar is metabolized in the bloodstream

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Mind: Causes elevated mood, feelings of relaxation, altered state of reality for up to a few hours
Body: Rapid heartrate, vomiting, violent behavior, suicidal thoughts, high blood pressure, seizures, kidney damage.

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What age/population/ culture is most likely to abuse drug? 

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What age/population/ culture is most likely to abuse drug? 

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Americans consume the most coffee and soda in the world,

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how is the drug metabolized in the body?

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how is the drug metabolized in the body?

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metabolized by the liver

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2.smoking, injecting, snorting, taking a pill.

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2.smoking, injecting, snorting, taking a pill.

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After sniffed, its absorbed through the lungs and enters the blood stream --> brain and travels to other parts of the body.

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3.  causes excess release of dopamine, long-term use can cause depression, paranoia, hallucinations, some users experience formication (feeling of bugs under skin), dries out salivary gland which allows acids to eat away at teeth, increases blood pressure which makes them more susceptible to scarring and clotting.

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3.  causes excess release of dopamine, long-term use can cause depression, paranoia, hallucinations, some users experience formication (feeling of bugs under skin), dries out salivary gland which allows acids to eat away at teeth, increases blood pressure which makes them more susceptible to scarring and clotting.

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Caffeine:Headaches, Sleepiness, lack of energy
Sugar: Increased thirst, blurred vision, frequent peeing,

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what age/gender/population/culture is more likely to abuse this drug? why? 

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what age/gender/population/culture is more likely to abuse this drug? why? 

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use of benzos increased steadily with age: In 2008, 5.2% of adults 18-80 years old used this drug - with the largest using group being 65-80 yrs old (8.7%). About 44% of people who are prescribed benzos become dependent.

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Lipophilic which allows them to cross cell membranes to reach target tissues. Metabolism mostly takes place in the liver. Opioids are metabolized faster when injected versus pills because it goes straight into the bloodstream.

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Lipophilic which allows them to cross cell membranes to reach target tissues. Metabolism mostly takes place in the liver. Opioids are metabolized faster when injected versus pills because it goes straight into the bloodstream.

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sleep disturbance, increased tension and anxiety, panic attacks, sweating, difficulty in concentration, nausea, some weight loss, and headaches

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Mostly teens and adolescents due to the drug not begin expensive and can be found relatively anywhere.

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4. carried through the circulatory system and central nervous system

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4. carried through the circulatory system and central nervous system

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90% of Americans consume some sort of caffeine, but it is not considered an addiction according to experts

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4. Cocaine increases stress hormones like cortisol in the brain, which can raise blood pressure permanently damaging the cardiovascular system.

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depending on how you take the drug,
snort: straight the brain
smoke: straight to the lungs
gum: straight to bloodstream
injecting: bloodstream

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Symptoms are tiredness, anxiety, trouble sleeping, watery eyes, cramps, depression, feeling like you have a severe flu, and drug cravings

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more susceptible to peer pressure, and availability

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6. Women and Men are more likely to use cocaine no one over the other,  age is around 18-25, population that do it the most is teens. More likely to do it because of the social norm.

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6. Women and Men are more likely to use cocaine no one over the other,  age is around 18-25, population that do it the most is teens. More likely to do it because of the social norm.

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Typically mild but process can be difficult.
Long time users can experience:
- seizures
- agitation
- headaches
- poor memory
Symptoms are present within the first 24-48 hrs.

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Enters the bloodstream via the lungs after being smoked. Effects happen after 5-10 minutes with effects starting to falter about 45 minutes after consumption.

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Young adults 18-25 are more likely to use this drug outside of medical use. Males 18-34 were more likely to die of overdose. People recently released from prison, had prescriptions from multiple pharmacies, and recieve an opioid prescription with another medication had higher death rates. 

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Young adults 18-25 are more likely to use this drug outside of medical use. Males 18-34 were more likely to die of overdose. People recently released from prison, had prescriptions from multiple pharmacies, and recieve an opioid prescription with another medication had higher death rates. 

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- lack of studies/research
- relapse rates of more than 50 percent.
- 100 to 125 inhalant deaths per year.

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what is the percentage rate of recovery for this drug?

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what is the percentage rate of recovery for this drug?

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recovery success rates can approach 70-80 percent when benzo withdrawal is properly managed

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Headaches, anxiety, depression, irritability.

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Anxiety, fatigue, irritability, depression, and slow thinking. Other symptoms include bad dreams, increased appetite and intense cravings that can last for months.

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75% of users were between ages 12-29. 77% of users are male.

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6. Paranoia, insomnia, hallucinations, feels like death

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6. Paranoia, insomnia, hallucinations, feels like death

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Muscle aches, irritation, sweating, anxiety, fever, heart racing, nausea, vomiting, depression, craving of drug, trouble falling asleep. Symptoms begin 6-12 hours after last dose for short acting opiates, 30 hours for long lasting opiates, symptoms peak within 72 hours.

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Muscle aches, irritation, sweating, anxiety, fever, heart racing, nausea, vomiting, depression, craving of drug, trouble falling asleep. Symptoms begin 6-12 hours after last dose for short acting opiates, 30 hours for long lasting opiates, symptoms peak within 72 hours.

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According to research, approximately 24% of people relapse back to weekly cocaine use within a year following treatment. Another 18% of people end up returning for treatment following a relapse.

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about 9-15% people recovery from opioid addiction while using methadone

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Relapse rate is between 72-88% 12-36 months are detoxification.

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Relapse rate is between 72-88% 12-36 months are detoxification.