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The TV series -“Friends”- offers many interesting dialogues and opportunities for studying arguments. Search for "Friends - Ross and Phoebe argue about Evolution" on YouTube. The video is in section 2, second season of the series and is just over five minutes long.

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Friends - Ross and Phoebe argue about Evolution

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Six type of argument errors to keep track of:
1) Personal attacks: The counterparty does not respond to arguments, perhaps because they do not have any. Instead, they attack the person with whom they are arguing.
2) False dilemma: In the argumentation, a complex question is simplified to only two alternatives. However, the truth may be somewhere between.
3) False compromise: A compromise can be a good way to agree, but not when one position is obviously correct and the other clearly wrong. If you place the truth somewhere between two positions, you have a false compromise.
4) Slippery slope: The argument is first addressed reasonably but then the use of false analogies lands you with a false conclusion.
5) Irrelevant argument: An argument is addressed seemingly reasonably, but actually uses 17 completely irrelevant statements that have nothing to do with the initial issue.
6) What others do: A special case of irrelevant argument allows the person who argues to avoid taking a stand. The person argues that "everyone else" or "nobody else" does it. The "others" have nothing to do with the matter.

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Five traps The film lists five different types of mind traps. The purpose of these examples is to give tips on how to recognize the traps so that we can avoid getting into them.
Belief and confirmation bias: Our thoughts follow simple well known paths. We hear what we want to hear.
Halo trap: We believe unreservedly in those we look up to or perceive as authorities, even if they address questions that they do not have expert knowledge about. Conversely, we do not listen at all to those we dislike, no matter what they say. The ring of light that can be seen around a shining object such as the sun or the moon is called a halo.
Anchoring trap: An anchor, the first digit we see, serves as a reference that guides our 14 thoughts in a certain direction. Availability trap: We perceive reality from (dramatic) images that we keep in our memory.
Pessimist trap: We easily deal with negative facts and are less interested in good news. For example, we believe that a lot of things in the world are getting worse, in reality, it is the other way around.

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Consider the following:
1) Homeopathic medicines have no effect but can still be dangerous. How would you explain this?
2) Does it matter if you believe in homeopathy?
3) Why do you think people believe in homeopathy?
4) Do you think it is important to use the scientific method when developing medications? Why?
5) What arguments do you think can be made for not to vaccinating

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Program 2 Scientific Method and Vaccination

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Consider the following:
The film states that astrology has not developed much during the last 2000 years.
1) Why do you think astrology has not developed more?
2) Why do you think people believed in astrology?
3) Do you know other explanations you have used to explain, for example, illness and malnutrition (which we know today is not scientific)?
4) Does it matter if you believe in astrology or not?
5) Do you think science is important? If so why? In the film there are the following quotes by Isaac Newton: "If I'have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulder of giants"
6) What do you think he means?
7) In what way does it relate to the scientific method?

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Program 1 Scientific Method and Celestial Bodies