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https://www.grandin.com/welfare.audit.using.haccp.html

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Behavioral Disorder in cattle (intersuckling)

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Behavioral Disorder in cattle (intersuckling)

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Normally, cattle are grazers, meaning they eat many meals throughout the day. Cattle ingest around 12 meals per day. They will usually eat more in groups than they would as individuals. Since cattle have only bottom teeth and a dental pad on top, the texture, length and ease of prehension must be accounted for.

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Neonatal Behaviors in Cattle Following Birth 

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Neonatal Behaviors in Cattle Following Birth 

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First the calf that is born will move and try to stand which is initiated by the licking and grooming from the mother. This is stimulates the calf to get up and walk. The newborn will then start to walk and the licking of the mother will cause the calf to stay close to her since she keeps in close proximity and the calf may follow any large thing that moves. The calf will then engage in teat seeking which will form a bond with the mother. Once the teat is found, the mother will continue to groom, which will enforce the bond between the two.

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Maternal Behaviors in Cattle that follow Birth 

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Maternal Behaviors in Cattle that follow Birth 

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The cow will lick her young after birth which is stimulated by the odor and the taste of the amniotic fluids on the newborn. This will cause the mother to bond with her calf and initiate maternal responsiveness. If the cow is laying down when she is giving birth, she will often glance over at the calf after she has given birth. If the calf moves, it elicits a stronger response from the cow and she is more likely to accept her calf. The calf will also start nursing from cow which the cow will lick/groom the calf during which will also form a bond between the two.

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In this video, it shows the single most important behavior signaling that a female is in heat which is the female's willingness to stand immobile to be mounted.

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A cow standing to be mounted is the most accurate sign of estrus. Standing heat is the most sexually intensive period of the estrous cycle. During this period, cows stand to be mounted by other cows or move forward slightly with the weight of the mounting cow.

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In this picture, the bull is exhibiting the flehmen response. The flehmen response facilitates the transfer of pheromones into the vomeronasal organ which is an olfactory organ.

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In cattle, the complex dominance hierarchy is most commonly found. This may depend on the size of the herd and the relative sizes of the cattle in the herd to on another. Complex hierarchy usually happens when there can be multiple triangular relationships that exist. If a herd is smaller, there will most likely be triangular relationships between the cattle instead of complex due to the number of individuals.
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~wrstrick/secu/ansc455/lab7.htm

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In this picture, the bull is broadsiding. He is arching his back and enhancing his size to make him look as big as possible which his way of threatening whatever he feels threatened by. His head is lowered in an effort to arch his back and make him look as big as possible, this may also be accompanied by him shaking his head back and forth.

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Cattle use all of their senses to communicate. Visually, cattle may communicate by body language. They are able to see another herd members actions and interpret them. They may give aggressive cues which would mean to the other cattle to stay away etc. They also use auditory senses to communicate. If a cow hears her calf "bawling" she is going to respond to her calf, and that may be her calf's way of communicating with her. They also use tactile communication as well. They may touch one another for individual recognition which is a way of communication. They also use chemical/smell communication. They can determine receptiveness in sexual interactions by olfactory cues in the urine, sweat, breath and feces of the female.
https://hoards.com/article-6069-we-must-communicate-to-cattles-senses.html