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-Watson and Crick discovered DNA.
-Has 2 strands.

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It´s the molecule that carries genetic information in a cell. It consist of two chromatin strands in a double helix pattern.

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-Prokaryotic: Cytoplasm.
-Eukaryotic: Nucleus, and also mitochondria and chloroplast.

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-Nucleotides:
1. Nitrogenous Bases (A,G,C,T)
2. Phosphate
3. Deoxyribose: Basic component.
(Nucleosides: 2. and 3).

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Process in which DNA duplicates during the S stage of the cell cycle. In a semiconservative way.

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- Prokaryotic: Cytoplasm
- Eukaryotic: Nucleous

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1. Enzymes:
- Helicase
- Primase
- DNA Polymerase
- Exonuclase
- DNA Ligase
2. DNA template
3. Nitrogenous bases
- DNA bases (A,T,C,G)
- RNA bases (A,U,C,G)

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1º Stage: Separation of two strand forming the replication fork done by helicase.
2ºStage:
- A: Leading strand 5'-3'. Primase makes small frangment of RNA called primer. DNA Polymerase looks for the primer and it add the different  DNA bases from 5'-3'. Leading strand is continous.
- B: Lagging strand isn't continous, is made in small fragments called okazaki fragments. For each okazaki fragments a new primer is needed.
3ºStage: Exonuclease removes the primer (RNA) in both strands.
4ºStage: DNA polymerase fill the gaps behind with DNA bases (in both strands).
5ºStage: DNA ligase joints all the fragments of DNA to form a continous double strand.

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Is the process in which the DNA is transformed into the RNA

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Prokaryotic: Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic: Nucleus

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1. DNA
2. RNA nucleotides:
- Phosphate
- RNA bases (A,C,G,U)
- Ribose
3. Enzymes (RNA polymerase)

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1- Initiation: The RNA polymerase look for the promoter and separates the two strands of DNA. The DNA  is only widen or separated where the RNA is formed. The trancription takes place at the end of the promoter
2- Elongation: The complementary RNA strand is synthesise from 5' to 3' (RNA polymerase). The elongation ends when it reaches the termination site.
3- Termination: The RNA polymerase reaches the termination site. The RNA is released.

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A single chain of ribonucleic acid which participates in the synthesis of proteins.

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Prokaryotic: Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic: Nucleus and Cytoplasm

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1. Ribose
2. RNA bases
-A,C,G,U.
3. Phosphate

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The process in which DNA transforms into proteins.

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Prokaryotic: Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic: Cytoplasm and RER. (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)

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-mRNA (template)
-rRNA (ribosomes)
-tRNA (amino acids)
-Release factor
-Poly A tail (only mRNA)

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1- Initiation: A small unit of ribosones recognise the cap (5') and attaches the initiation site (AUG). thr tRNA qith Met (Methionine) joins the codon. The largest unit of ribosomes joins the small one. The tRNA is placed in the p-site of the ribosames.
2- Elongation: The second tRNA is placed in he a-site which is complementary to the second codon. The Met is transfered to the a-site amino acid in the second tRNA. The first tRNA exists, the second tRNA moves to the p-site, the ribosomes moves along the mRNA and the next tRNA enters.
3- Termination: When a stop codon is placed in the a-sitr and translation is terminated. The ribosome separates and the newly formed protein is released.

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Proteins are formed from a chain of smaller molecules called amino acids

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Prokaryotic: Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic: Cytoplasm and RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)

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More than 1: Peptid
2-10: Aligopeptid
11-99: Polypeptid
More than 100: Proteins